|
|
HLA Class II Antigens as a Main Predisposition Factor for Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus.
Zikmundová, Veronika ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee) ; Černá, Marie (advisor)
Autoimmune diabetes (type 1 diabetes, T1D) is a multifactorial disease, where the immune system reacts against pancreatic β-cells of Langerhans islets. Their progressive destruction causes insufficient function of insulin for the organism and production of autoantibodies. These antibodies serve as markers of autoimmune insulitis even before the manifestation of the disease. T1D is triggered by environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Genetic susceptibility mainly relates to HLA genes, which cause about 50 % of familiar occurences. The most risk factors are HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQ8 antigens. Their aminoacidic structure determines which peptides would bind to individual antigens and how firmly. However, these antigens do not function separately. They are in tight linkage disequilibrium and it is therefore not possible to determine the individual function of each of them in autoimmune process unambiguously. Environmental factors can have protective effect on individuals (e.g. vitamin D), but they can have predisposition effect for autoimmunity as well. The most discussed trigger mechanisms are viral infections (specifically Coxsackie B4 virus) and premature exposure of newborns to cow-milk.
|
|
|
Prognosis and diagnostics in acute myeloid leukemia
Jiráková Trnková, Zuzana ; Jíra, Milan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Špíšek, Radek (referee)
The main aim of the dissertation was in patients with acute myeloid leukemia to investigate the impact of favorable prognostic chromosomal aberrations and increased expression of a family of multiple drug resistance genes to achieve a complete remission and overall survival, and identify the potential prognostic factors. Experiments were focused on the introduction of routine diagnostics of two prognostically favorable fusion genes, AML1/ETO and CBFbeta/MYH11 and multiple drug resistance gene MDR1. This testing was performed by reverse transcription, PCR and subsequent electrophoretic analysis of its products.
|
|
|
Molecular aspects of genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus and its monogenic forms
Pintérová, Daniela ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Bendlová, Běla (referee) ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of this work was to study some molecular aspects of genetic predisposition to T2DM and its monogenic forms. We searched for correlations of genotypes with many clinical and laboratory markers and tried to evaluate their significance. The consequences for possible changes in the treatment some particular patients were under discussion. Especially for those suffering from monogenic forms we were able to reach better compensation of DM, or at latest the same compensation for more acceptable therapy. We studied the associations of chosen candidate genes, PPAR, NF-B, its inhibitor IB, known polymorphisms and T2DM including diabetic complications. We used the association study approach to find out if there is any association between available genetic variants among our patients and T2DM with its phenotypic abnormalities (changed levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, further the presence of diabetic complications).
|
|
|
Comprehensive care for children with multiple disabilities (combination of mental and physical disabilities)
Zikl, Pavel ; Titzl, Boris (advisor) ; Stejskal, Bohumil (referee) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
The main topic of my work is comprehensive care for children with multiple disabilities (combination of mental and physical disabilities). The theoreticmethodical part is aimed at used terminology, estimated number of such pupils in our schools and at comprehensive care/rehabilitation. Main stress is put on medical rehabilitation and the possibility of using it at schools (methods of medical rehabilitation used at schools, positioning). In the second part results of research work connected with education and comprehensive care for children with mental and multiple disabilities are presented. They are two separate pieces of research connected together with different methodology used in each of them. The first one is a quantitative research (description and analysis of education of pupils with mental and multiple disabilities integrated in common schools). The second one is a qualitative research (analysis and comparison of education of children with multiple disabilities in special and common schools). The summary and a discussion are at the end of the work.
|
|
| |
|
|
Quality of life of young adults with mental retardation
Kollerová, Lenka ; Strnadová, Iva (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
The thesis focuses on quality of life of persons with intellectual disability during the period of young adulthood. In theoretical part I deal with the topics "who is a young adult with intellectual disability" and "what issues does he/she face in this life stage". I engage in contemporary concepts and approaches to quality of life and choose some of them as crucial for my work. The primary focus is given to one of the eight domains of quality of life (according Schalock's concept) - self-determination. Empirical part deals with qualitative study that was carried out in the form of a semistructured interview with people with intellectual disability and that is focused on two major areas. The first area refers to a subjective satisfaction with a fulfilment of person's most important targets, the second area concerns with decision making and autonomy (two indicators of self-determination). The work brings information about notions of the independent (self-managed) life, the work-life and the partnership of persons with intellectual disability. My aim was to notice a subjective sensation and gain deeper insight into the individual experience of the respondents. 2
|
|
|
Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus I. type in childhood
Doudová, Šárka ; Černá, Marie (advisor)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is among autoimmune disease that primarily affects children and young people. when This disease leads to the destruction of B-cells Pancreatic islets of Langerhans which are responsible for insulin secretion. Its deficiency leads to disturbances metabolism of carbohydrates and other nutrients . The destruction of B- cells occurs gradually and the first clinical symptoms appear only when destruction of a percentage of B- cells of the pancreas . after the outbreak difficulties the patient becomes dependent on exogenous life insulin administration . The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide and There are significant differences between geographic countries. This suggests that the pathogenesis of the disease have undoubtedly a great influence environmental factors. important role Genetic factors also play a immunological mechanisms. In my work I try to outline the possibilities of prevention as it related prediction type 1 diabetes mellitus . describe primarily genetic , and immunological markers , which can be used to predict genetic risk and to monitor the period before the manifestation of the disease. I mention also the possibilities of primary prevention, which is not currently yet only at the experimental field. Within the secondary Prevention describes...
|
|
| |
|
|
Prevention of autoimmunity diseases
Čornejová, Lucia ; Černá, Marie (advisor)
he topic of his thesis prevention of autoimmune diseases I selected on the basis of their interest in this issue. They are diseases which are widespread in the population, with a frequency of 5%, and many of them lead to disability and severe restrictions on the affected patients, which have a far-reaching socio-economic impact on our society.
|
|
|
Key aspects of quality of life for adults with mental disabilities in social care
Miler, Jiří ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Stejskal, Bohumil (referee) ; Šiška, Jan (referee)
Mým cílem v disertační práci je přinést nové vědecké poznatky, které přímo nebo nepřímo souvisejí s otázkou kvality života dospělých lidí s mentálním postižením v ústavech sociální péče. Při naplňování tohoto cíle vycházím ze shrnutí a zkoumání vývoje dosavadních vědeckých poznatků v oblasti ústavní péče o lidi s mentálním postižením, především v souvislostech s otázkami, které se vyskytují v posledních letech v kontextu sociální reformy v České republice. V disertační práci rozhodně nechci přinášet procedurální návody a postupy, jak se máme к dospělým lidem s mentálním postižením "chovat", nebo jak má ta či ona služba pro dospělé lidi s mentálním postižením vypadat. Opírám se o odborné publikace, pojednání a úvahy autorů, kteří se problematice kvality života lidí s mentálním postižením v České republice a zahraničí věnují, o znalosti a zkušenosti řady poskytovatelů sociálních služeb. Vše je doplněno vlastním výzkumem, mými osobními zkušenostmi a vlastními závěry z různých úhlů pohledu - ředitele ústavu pro dospělé lidi s mentálním postižením, hodnotitele kvality sociálních služeb, pedagoga a krajského metodika rozvoje sociálních služeb. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
guest ::
