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The French Pox in the 16th Century Medical Consilia
Divišová, Bohdana ; Černý, Karel (advisor) ; Žalud, Zdeněk (referee) ; Čornejová, Ivana (referee)
Summary: Consilia played an important role in medieval but also early modern professional health literature. Literary "consilium" contained a written statement of one particular case, the patient's condition and disease as well as advice on a medical procedure where a doctor in accordance with the contemporary discourse analyzed symptoms, determined the diagnosis, prognosis and recommended its pharmacological treatment including possible technical interventions (venesection etc.). In the 16th century, the Consilia Literature was a common part of many eminent physicians' practice whereas nowadays it is unjustly neglected source of history of medicine, pharmacology, dietetics and so on. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to the definition of genre, the initial stages of its development and description of the specifics of the Middle Ages. However the results of fifteen eminent physicians of Italy (B. Vettori, G. B. Da Monte, V. Trincavelli, A. M. Venusti, G. Capodivaccio, C. Guarinoni), France (J. Fernel, G. de Baillou) and of the German-speaking areas of Central Europe (J. Crato, R. Solenander, L. Scholz, D. Cornarius, J. Wittich, T. Mermann, J. Matthaeus), became the main theme of work of early modern consultative collections. On examination of nearly seven thousand consilia from twenty two...
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The Secularization of the Prague Working Class, Smichow and Its Vicinity in the Second Half of the 19th Century.
Černý, Jan Karel ; Štaif, Jiří (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Tomáš (referee)
(in English) A thesis deals with the secularization of a Prague, especially Smichow working class in the second half of the 19th century. The working class is usually considered the most secular stratum and the aim of the thesis is to verify the proposition locally and to examine why the process of secularization occurred in the working class so powerfully. The working class is drafted as a social stratum in which the process acts as well as the stratum actively practices it. The process of secularization is then divided into three categories; religion - spirituality - church and the process is conceptualized as "de-catholization" as well as the spiritual transformation. In the process of the transformation, traditional religion (Catholicism), its institutions (church) and religiosity lose their socio-cultural power and are replaced by modern ideologies, state (bureaucratic and rational) structures and implicit spirituality, resp., "un- religious faith". In the process of secularization, there is particularly stressed the role of urbanization, industrialization, socialism, church and its social teaching. In the thesis, there are combined theoretical approaches of the sociology of religion (the sacred canopy) and religious studies (dimensions of the Sacred) and are applied to the secondary and...
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The Secularization of the Prague Working Class, Smichow and Its Vicinity in the Second Half of the 19th Century.
Černý, Jan Karel ; Štaif, Jiří (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Tomáš (referee)
(in English) A thesis deals with the secularization of a Prague, especially Smichow working class in the second half of the 19th century. The working class is usually considered the most secular stratum and the aim of the thesis is to verify the proposition locally and to examine why the process of secularization occurred in the working class so powerfully. The working class is drafted as a social stratum in which the process acts as well as the stratum actively practices it. The process of secularization is then divided into three categories; religion - spirituality - church and the process is conceptualized as "de-catholization" as well as the spiritual transformation. In the process of the transformation, traditional religion (Catholicism), its institutions (church) and religiosity lose their socio-cultural power and are replaced by modern ideologies, state (bureaucratic and rational) structures and implicit spirituality, resp., "un- religious faith". In the process of secularization, there is particularly stressed the role of urbanization, industrialization, socialism, church and its social teaching. In the thesis, there are combined theoretical approaches of the sociology of religion (the sacred canopy) and religious studies (dimensions of the Sacred) and are applied to the secondary and...
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Wrestling and Hand-to-Hand Combat Techniques in Middle Ages in the Light of Historical Sources and within the Wider Context of Martial Arts
Šlapák, Vojtěch ; Drška, Václav (advisor) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
The study deals with European medieval contact combat, which is often unjustly overlooked and underestimated. It places medieval wrestling and the techniques of medieval hand-to-hand combat systems into the wider context of global development and qualitatively assesses their technical level. In historiographical literature, martial arts used by medieval wrestlers, just like any other medieval martial arts, are often regarded as a mere connecting link between the advanced ancient combat and complex Renaissance combat systems. However, such assessment is rather the result of logical premises, not a detailed analysis. The study does not regard medieval combat as a complete and imperfect interlude on its way towards ever-more perfect formations. On the contrary, the study aims to find and explore several phases and systems, various qualitative levels that medieval combat systems went through and which emerged from the heterogeneous conditions of different time epochs. The study will explain the reasons of the transformation from ancient combat activities into medieval systems and it will reveal and explain their particular forms and contents on specific examples. It will also stress the fact that each peak phase of development of any martial art fully meets the needs of the war field and self-defence...
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Perception of foreigners in Czech society
Novotná, Kateřina ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis deals with the view of the majority society on the population of foreigners in the Czech Republic. In recent years, this is a frantically discussed topic, which is given a lot of space in terms of quantity, but not in terms of quality, taking into account the number of publications and research. The aim of the thesis is to find out how individuals belonging to the majority population perceive foreigners mainly with regard to partial topics, which are the actor's definition of foreigners, prejudices and stereotypes against foreigners, interest in this issue, attitudes towards foreigners from different countries or areas and experiences with foreigners. These views and attitudes were obtained through qualitative methodology, specifically through semi-structured interviews. The research involved informants across basic demographic indicators (gender, age, education, size of place of residence). Due to the qualitative nature of the research, it is not possible to generalize the results of the work directly to the entire majority population. However, they provide a comprehensive insight into the structure and conditionality of attitudes towards foreigners. Key words: foreigner, stay in the Czech Republic, prejudice, stereotype, attitude
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Spectacular Society of the 21st Century
Hönig, Petr ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
Petr Hönig - Spectacular Society of the 21st Century This diploma thesis polemizes with the approach of a human to smart technologies in the context of postmodern society and it aims to formulate a conclusion about how the use of smart technologies, given their current form and the current state of affairs in general, with its side effects may affect the form and nature of the whole society. By analyzing fundamental aspects of postmodern society, specifically by reflecting on the processes of globalization, individualization, rationalization and relativization, and by analyzing the approach of a human to smart technologies, specifically by reflecting on the consequences of the use of selected technologies by lay users, this thesis relates to the form and nature of current society. Its aim is to demonstrate the spectacularness of society in the dichotomous perspective as well as to commence a general discussion of the approach of a human to smart technologies in level of questions connected to technological development and human nature in the 21st century.
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Invasion of Phytophthora alni in Europe
Pecka, Štěpán ; Černý, Karel (advisor) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
Species complex Phytophthora alni s. l. (Peronosporomycetes: Stramenopila) is a group of invasive pathogens of alder trees. It spreads mainly via water and causes root and collar rot often resulting in the death of attacked trees. Especially in riparian stands it often causes significant losses of alder and therefore remarcable changes of ecosystems and watercourses. The species complex is very polymorphic and divided into three species - P. ×alni, P. uniformis and P. ×multiformis. The most widespread in Europe and in the Czech Republic is the P. ×alni species. The aim of this thesis is to summarize information about P. alni complex (and especially of the most important taxon P. ×alni), to describe history of its spread and development of its area in Europe, genetic variability and inner structure of its populations, ecology and pathways of spread and, based of the known results, decribe the current situation of the invasion. Key words: Phytophthora alni, Peronosporomycetes, Alnus, pathogen, hybridization, area, riparian stands
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