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Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria: An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform
Bojar, Tomáš ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform The Ph.D. dissertation is centred around a relatively concise, but extremely influential book: Cesare Beccaria's treatise On Crimes and Punishments (Dei delitti e delle pene). This work, first published in 1764, sums up in a clear, yet intellectually penetrating way all the main Enlightenment principles of a complex penal law reform. In its time, the book was not only of great philosophical importance and it not only changed the way western societies perceived crime and punishment, but it also served as a concrete guideline for various penal law reformers. It is therefore by no means an overstatement to say that it caused a true paradigm shift in both legal and moral philosophy. The main aim of the thesis is to give a legal-philosophical account of Beccaria's thoughts on crime and punishment, to examine their historical as well as moral background and show the actual impact they had on the legislation of many different, mainly European states. The first chapters of the dissertation are focused on Beccaria's life, his intellectual background and his formative influences (particularly the French, English and Scottish Enlightenment, the social contract theory, utilitarianism, Montesquieu's thoughts on penal...
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History of Pathological Anatomy (17th.-19th. Centuries)
Liepoldová, Tereza ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Hrudka, Jan (referee)
This thesis concisely describes transformation of medical way of thinking in Eu- rope from hippocrato-galenic tradition to anatomo-pathological understanding of human body. It aims to trace conditions, that allowed rise of organic and later tissual pathology. Thesis also shows ideological shift in medical thinking concer- ning localization faculties of soul (shift from so called ventricular paradigm to localization faculties of soul into solid parts of brain). These ideas also affected reception of causes of mental illness. 1
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The Image of Maximilien Robespierre in the Thermidorian Discourse
Křivánková, Alena ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
The bachelor thesis The Image of Maximilien Robespierre in the Thermidorian Discourse deals with the way Robespierre was described during the era of the Thermidorian Convention (1794 - 1795) and how his image was politically used. The main sources of information are political pamphlets. The first part illustrates the image of the Thermidorian coup and its subsequent legitimization. The second part discusses the personality of Robespierre, symbolizing the embodiment of a certain approach to power and the revolutionary terror, and shows the connection between this notion and political alterations which were taking place in the revolutionary France at that time. The third one characterizes the struggles between Thermidorian left and right wing, and shows, how the image of Robespierre and the denomination "robespierristes" was used during this fight. As a result the negative image of Robespierre was gradually connected to the negative image of Thermidorian left as to the negative image of the Mountain Convention period, whereas it was used to support and legitimize a political turn to the right. Meanwhile, which image of Robespierre prevailed, is given precisely by the victory of the right. Key words: Maximilien Robespierre - French Revolution - Thermidor - propaganda
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Creatures of Science, Living Models and the Construction of Scientific Communities
Stella, Marco ; Hermann, Tomáš (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Janko, Jan (referee)
Creatures of Science. Living Models and the Construction of Scientific Communities. Marco Stella The present thesis, which is to be understood as a contribution both to history and anthropology of science, deals with the relationship of the construction and emergence of scientific communities and the use of models in science, or construction of new forms of knowledge. We deal primary with the history of life sciences, especially behavioral sciences, which formed in the beginning of the 20th century as a relatively independent a scientific field and a rather heterogeneous platform for a common research of life utterances and cognition of man and other animals. The thesis focuses mainly on living models, often used biological and psychological research. Using Latour's concepts of modernity and hybridity, the thesis points at the hybridizing effect of behavioral sciences (the model always shapes and creates the modelled) and also at their ways of human and animal images. The second often serve as a basis for constructing the second. I also discuss some the ways how implicit model properties, which influence the (seemingly) isolated sphere of science, affect the chances of a community for becoming a discipline. On three examples from the history of life sciences, i.e. the unsuccessful institutionalization of...
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Affect and expression in the society of enlightenment
Smyčka, Václav ; Činátl, Kamil (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
This work deals with the changes of rhetorical education and emotional orders in the second half of the 18th century. The aim of the research is to assess the relations among language education, funtions of medias, anthropological models and expression of emotions on the Threshold of enlightenment. The background of the research shapes the transformation of rhetorical tradition. The research of the broad field of pedagogical, rhetorical and moral discurs is focused on the collegium of Karl Heinrich Seibt.
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Value System at Teaching of the Normal school in Prague at the Turn of 18th and 19th Century
Raška, Jakub ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Pokorná, Magdaléna (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the Normal School in Prague, which was after the introduction of theresian General School Regulation (1774) a pattern for the lower education in Habsburgian Bohemia. For this reason, its teaching methods and distinctive value system could be understood as a norm for other lower schools in the Czech inherited land. The first chapter contains an overview of the development of the lower education from educational reforms of Maria Theresa to educational laws of Francis II. in the early years of the 19th century. In the second chapter, the author of this paper tries to show the ways in which the state-enlightenment school discourse puts emphasis on the connection of the state and the school on the basis of four texts by various authors, who had large participation in promoting the school reform in the Czech lands or were directly connected with the Prague Normal School. The last chapter, based on period theoretical texts on education, textbooks and sources compiled by the school, describes the school (= state) vision of the perfect man and his upbringing. Key words: Normal School in Prague, Bohemian Enlightenment, dawning of the modern state, etatization, value system, Alexius Pařízek, Ferdinand Kindermann, Maria Theresa, Joseph II
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Rationalisation process of the people's enviroment. Public education in novels of education of the beginning of the 19th century.
Matiášová, Barbora ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Randák, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis' goal is to analyse the so-called Novels of Education which were created or translated on the beginning of the 19th century. Through these fetching stories the authors' aim was to enlighten the reader - rather uneducated villagers, peasants. The thesis briefly introduces several writings and their authors, then analysis what, in these books, is being presented as right and "wise". The contents focus on the distorted appreciation of time and freedom which, according to the Anthony Giddens' and Benedict Anderson's concepts, are described as an abstract category that is detached from the real world situations. Furthermore, due consideration is devoted to the "entrepreneurs" - those who, according to the Novels of Education and the prompts of the Enlightement thinkers, were supposed to educate those who lived in their surroundings. Finally, the formal aspect of the thesis is aimed on the means which were used by the authors to maintain the liability of their work.
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Luigi Angiolini - Life in Service to Tuscany
Prokopová, Oldřiška ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Klusáková, Luďa (referee)
This bachelor's thesis presents in a chronological order, the life of a Tuscan aristocrat Luigi Angiolini (1750-1821). He was a writer, traveller and diplomat, active in the period of the Habsburg reforms, the French Revolution, the Napoleonic rule, and the restoration in Italy. Based on the available literature and sources, this thesis maps Angiolini's youth, his journey to England and Scotland, his diplomatic career in Paris in the service of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, as well as his final years spent in the countryside with his family. Angiolini's varied life and his openness to modern ideas allow for conceiving this protagonist as a typical man of his times, while on the basis of his interests and activities simultaneously elucidating the entire historical period in a wider context.
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