|
|
Causes of income inequality in the European Union
Sýkorová, Barbora ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
The thesis focuses on income inequality. It examines the occurrence of income inequality in the European Union and analyzes its causes through fixed effect method and three robustness tests among 23 countries between years 2005 -- 2013. The causes are divided into social demographic factors, labor market factors and factors of the globalization. The thesis confirms the influence of tertiary education on income distribution which is negatively correlated with Gini coefficient. The number of people aged 65 and older, together with the number of single households within the entire population, correlates positively with the income inequality level. Furthermore, the following factors turned out to be significant: the occurrence of part-time job contracts and labor taxation. The amount of temporary employees causes income inequality to decrease which is in contrast with the theoretical premise.
|
|
|
Mají kuřáci nižší mzdy?
Nguyen, Nhat Linh ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Špecián, Petr (referee)
This study examines relationship between smoking cigarettes and wage. Studies have found statistically significant wage penalty for smoking cigarettes before (from 3 to 10 %). This study works with cross-sectional data consisting of US residents. The source of the data is The Panel Study of Income Dynamics which was found in 1968. The results in this work suggest 6-10% wage penalty for smoking cigarettes using 3 econometric models. The wage penalty can be caused for example by the health impact of smoking which can affect the productivity of worker. It can be also explained by differences in education between smokers and nonsmokers or by the discrimination of smokers on labor market.
|
|
|
Analysis of the determinants of amount of services ordered by clients of non-profit organization called Oblastní charita Strakonice
Turková, Kateřina ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the impact of selected factors on the amount of food delivery services ordered by 81 clients of non-profit organization called Oblastní charita Strakonice during the period from 1. 11. 2013 to 30. 10. 2014. Based on analysis by random effect method, the thesis confirms correlation of monthly number of ordered services with two explanatory variables: number of household members and grade of care subsidy. The analysis implies that increase of number of household members by one member leads to decrease of monthly number of ordered services by 2-3 tasks. On the other hand, increase of grade of care subsidy by one grade leads to increase of monthly number of ordered services by approximately two tasks. Other factors included to the models are not correlated with explained variable at level below alpha = 0, 1. Findings mentioned above are consistent with information said in the theoretical part of my thesis.
|
|
|
Analysis of developement of unemployment and vacancies in Czech Republic
Tejmlová, Michaela ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
This paper deals with the development of unemployment and job vacancies through the time. To examine the influences that affect their development, I used the theoretical framework of UV curve. Most its theoretical assumptions are confirmed. During the period from 1996 to 2013 in the Czech Republic there is a strong correlation between related index of monthly rate job vacancies and unemployment. Likewise, both variables show statistically significant dependence on the development of pure domestic product. Contrary to theories, models failed to show any correlation between the variables and the index of average wages for the selected period. Analysis of the shape of the curve itself also showed that the unemployment trend in the Czech Republic showed a growing trend that is likely to increase due to structural unemployment.
|
|
|
ANALYSIS OF GRADUATES' WAGES IN RELATION TO WORK EXPERIENCE OBTAINED DURING STUDIES
Hrubý, Pavel ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kadeřábková, Božena (referee)
This thesis analyses how the work experience acquired during the university studies influences the starting salary of graduates. The first part is theoretical, mainly based on the Theory of Human Capital and the Screening theory. The data source for the second (practical) part of this thesis is a REFLEX research, which was performed in the Czech Republic in 2005. The regression analysis was used to prove the expected relationship between the graduate's salary level and an amount of work experience gained during their studies. It was proved that every year spent at work during the studies increases the future salary by 3%. However, there is no difference in the starting salary level between graduates who were working in their study field and those who were not.
|
|
|
Discrimination against women in the Czech labour market. Do women face discrimination in the Czech Republic?
Procházka, Jan ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
The thesis analyses Czech and EU legislation which is intended to prevent discrimination in the labour market and focuses on the three main models of discrimination: Discriminatory preference, Statistical discrimination and Displacing discrimination. In the opening chapters, the thesis presents the reasons leading to the differences in men's and women's wages not originating from discrimination and also partially disproves the myths about discrimination of women. The analytical and theoretical part is followed by empirical part whose conclusions do not disprove the hypothesis of discrimination in Czech labour market, nevertheless comes to the conclusion that the part of the differences in average income, that exist, can be explained mainly by following factors: the number of worked hours, education level, time spent mainly by women on maternity / parental leave and child care and other factors. The results of questionnaire survey realised on the territory of one region and within one area of intervention of Structural funds confirm that the discrimination between men and women doesn't exist.
|
|
|
The impact of education on unemployment in the Czech Republic
Kufnerová, Eva ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This diploma thesis analyzes the impact of education on unemployment of citizens of the Czech Republic. It utilizes data from the ISSP international survey between years 1994-2012. The main assumption of this work is that education reduces the likelihood of individual's unemployment. This hypothesis is confirmed by using the Probit method, in several models accompanied also by the instrumental variable approach. The instrumental variable method helps to identify the causal effect of education on unemployment. Results show that education has greater impact on women. Each additional year of schooling reduces the likelihood of a woman's unemployment by 1 percentage point and likelihood of a man's unemployment by 0.75 percentage points. In additional models, education is measured by highest reached level rather than years of schooling. Results confirm that the probability of unemployment is lower for people with higher level of education than for others.
|
|
|
Comparison of negative income tax models
Havlíková, Iveta ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
We are comparing the economic models of state social support which utilize the concept of the negative income tax. The comparison builds upon the overview of the main theoretical articles. We have analysed the proposals of various political parties regarding the negative income tax; in case of a Czech party's proposal of replacing a set of subsidies with the negative income tax, we have calculated the overall expected savings. For the purpose of the overall comparison, we selected the models of Friedman, Tobin, Sulik and the Earned Income tax Credit model. We benchmarked them in various theoretical and practical criteria. We conclude that they do not differ substantially except for their philosophical interpretation.
|
|
|
The change of toll taxes and their implications in Czech Republic
Čížková, Michaela ; Rod, Aleš (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the changes of toll taxes and their implication in the Czech Republic between years 2007 -- 2015. The research was done using a dynamic regression analysis of monthly data provided by the web portal MYTO CZ. Based on the available data it was shown that the increase in average prices of toll transactions of ecologically unfavorable EURO groups leads to a decline in the share of total realized transactions. As a result carriers are most likely motivated to vehicle fleet renewal, which is reflected in the increase in the share of cars with lower environmental load.
|
|
|
The influence of legally owned firearms on crime in the Czech Republic.
Převrátil, David ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
The work aims to analyze the influence of the number of legally owned firearms on crime in the Czech Republic. The main hypothesis is chosen on the basis of previous empirical research from the United States. The work assumes that the effect of the number of legally owned firearms held by civilians has a negative impact on the overall crime rate in the Czech Republic. The hypothesis is tested by using the metodology of regression analysis of time series for the whole country between the years 2003 - 2013 and regression analysis of panel data for 14 regions in the Czech Republic between the years 2009 - 2013. Based on the obtained data six models observing the effect of the number of firearms and the number of firearm license owners to overall crime, murder and burglary and theft. The result is the finding of a positive impact on the number of legal guns in overall crime in the country. Unfortunately, the observed variable of legally owned firearms is statistically insignificant in all models. The work opens up new possibilities for further study of the influence of firearms on crime in the Czech Republic.
|
guest ::
