|
|
Guilt and responsibility in the context of criminal law: Discursive practices and strategies
Vávra, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Válková, Helena (referee) ; Večeřa, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with the ways political and expert (especially legal and criminological) discourses formulate and reproduce the meanings, assumptions and definitions constructing the man as a subject of criminal law, a subject responsible for his actions. It focuses on the ways the political domain (in particular, the lower and upper chambers of the Czech Parliament) and the scientific domain (in particular, legal science, criminology and psychiatry) form and formulate the opinions of "criminal law" and the ways these opinions are reflected in meanings embodied in criminal law itself. Methodologically, the thesis builds on critical discourse analysis. Put in plain language, what makes discourse significant is the oppression it brings upon us by defining what can be said about the world and how one can meaningfully act in it. Thus, it is not (only) a reflection of another, more real reality and it cannot be fully reduced to some other social phenomena. Therefore, by investigating discourse, one can identify the assumptions social actors build on and the argumentative frameworks they apply in discourse. The theory section formulates premises for the subsequent analysis of specific topics related to the formulation of "criminal" guilt and responsibility. After a short review of sociological...
|
|
|
Gender and manpower in production companies in the Chomutov region
Kroupová, Michaela ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis "Gender and manpower in production companies in the Chomutov region" is focused on historically and sociologically oriented research of employment of men and women in production companies in the Chomutov region over last 50 and 70 years respectively. The main aspects which are included in the theoretical part of this work are gender relations in the production companies, that is the history of the employment of women, horizontal and vertical gender segregation including wages and salaries and employee education. The analyzed data are from the period of mid 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century and focus primarily on the production companies of The Tube and Iron Rolling Mill and their current successor Sandvik. By means of data analysis, the methodical part of the thesis describes differences and changes which have ocurred in the horizon of last 50 and 70 years in the manpower employment in production companies with respect to gender. KEYWORDS Gender, Feminism, Manpower, Socialism, The Tube and Iron Rolling Mill, Production, Chomutov
|
|
|
Roma on the pillory - punishment of the Roma in the course of 20. century through the eyes of the public policies
Novotná, Andrea ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Gramskopf, Rostislav (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis focuses on the discursive analysis of period documents, drawn from archives, laws, parliamentary debates, other expert texts and researches. The aim of the diploma thesis is to find an answer to the question of how public policies approached to crime and punishment of Roma during the 20th century in the Czechoslovakia, later in the Czech Republic (from 1918 to 2000). The diploma thesis seeks to reveal how public policies approached the Roma as a minority in general, what information they based their decisions on their punishment, what measures they proposed for their re-education and assimilation, and how the public was informed through the periodical and therefore how it was formed public opinion about this minority. The analytical part of the work is based on the basic ideas of important sociologists, including Anthony Giddens, Erving Goffman, Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault. Keywords: Roma, period documents, punishment, public policy, assimilation
|
|
| |
|
|
Residential satisfaction of seniors in Hradec Králové
Trpík, Aleš ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
The submitted master thesis deals with the residential satisfaction of seniors in selected parts of the city of Hradec Králové. The main aim is to evaluate and compare the residential satisfaction of seniors in Malšovice and Slezské Předměstí. In particular, the evaluation of the overall residential satisfaction and the evaluation of the residential satisfaction in relation to selected aspects of the physical environment and public amenities of the city. An analysis of the positives and the negatives of the researched districts and the shopping behavior of seniors within the city are added to these findings. This thesis is theoretically based on the current state of the research in the field of residential satisfaction and it also takes into account the results of research on the everyday life and mobility of seniors in Czech cities. On the basis of this theoretical knowledge, the evaluated public amenities and aspects of the environment that are important for a group of seniors and contribute to their residential satisfaction were selected. The research was carried out using a questionnaire survey in the streets of the surveyed districts. Open-ended and closed-ended questions were analyzed. The age of respondents was limited in this thesis to adults aged 65 years and older.
|
|
|
Perception of foreigners in Czech society
Novotná, Kateřina ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis deals with the view of the majority society on the population of foreigners in the Czech Republic. In recent years, this is a frantically discussed topic, which is given a lot of space in terms of quantity, but not in terms of quality, taking into account the number of publications and research. The aim of the thesis is to find out how individuals belonging to the majority population perceive foreigners mainly with regard to partial topics, which are the actor's definition of foreigners, prejudices and stereotypes against foreigners, interest in this issue, attitudes towards foreigners from different countries or areas and experiences with foreigners. These views and attitudes were obtained through qualitative methodology, specifically through semi-structured interviews. The research involved informants across basic demographic indicators (gender, age, education, size of place of residence). Due to the qualitative nature of the research, it is not possible to generalize the results of the work directly to the entire majority population. However, they provide a comprehensive insight into the structure and conditionality of attitudes towards foreigners. Key words: foreigner, stay in the Czech Republic, prejudice, stereotype, attitude
|
|
|
Voluntary childlessness as a social phenomenon
Vychová, Šárka ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of voluntary childlessness, which, among other things, with regard to the low birth rate, resonates by our society. Its aim is to describe the concept of voluntary childlessness from a sociological point of view, to summarize existing sociological researches on this topic, and primarily to analyze the opinions and motives of women who have opted for voluntary childlessness. For the practical part is used qualitative method of Grounded Theory. The research itself takes the form of in-depth semi-structured interviews, which, thanks to the possibility of responding to specific communication partners, offer the opportunity to look into the lives and values of voluntarily childless women. The conclusion summarizes and interprets knowledge about the opinions and motives of voluntarily childless and offers the professional public a better understanding of this issue.
|
|
|
The Nazi ideology in relation to persons with mental disabilities
Kučerová, Zuzana ; Marková, Alena (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis "Nazi ideology in relation to mentally ill people" focuses on starting points and ideas of this ideology, which in its consequences led to social exclusion and subsequent systematic extermination of people with a certain handicap. Although the thesis is limited in time from 1933 - 1945, it also follows development line of selected scientific disciplines, which were significantly reflected in the Nazi ideology. Primarily it concerns historical science, medical disciplines, genetics, racial hygiene, eugenic origins and other related disciplines. The thesis also takes into account the economic situation of that time with its many social problems which arose as a result of the new geopolitical arrangement after the World War I and the changes in the social world of that period and it also captures the process of changes in the social status of mentally ill people in the course of history. Last but not least, it describes the practical consequences of these changes, which were "forced sterilization" and "euthanasia" of both children and adults. The Nazi ideology is viewed in this regard from three perspectives: legal, theoretical with a broader historical context and on the practical level in the form of the consequences of the two previous perspectives. Key words: nazi ideology, mental...
|
|
|
The Media Image of State Security in the Rudé právo and Svobodné slovo dailies (November 1989 - June 1990)
Vávra, Martin ; Železný, Jakub (advisor) ; Růžička, Daniel (referee)
The bachelor's thesis titled "The Media Image of State Security in the Rudé právo and Svobodné slovo dailies (November 1989-June 1990)" discusses the media's image of the State Security Organisation (StB) over a period of several months following the events of the 17th of November 1989, when the communist regime in Czechoslovakia fell. The dailies analysed for this study were Rudé právo and Svobodné slovo. The periodicals were selected according to their political orientations. Rudé právo, described as "a paper published by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia", was a daily that officially represented the governing regime. Svobodné slovo, which began publishing the first uncensored information in November 1989 and called the "primary daily" of the Velvet Revolution, was selected as its opposite counterpart. This work has four chapters. The first chapter examines the State Security Organisation and its history, organisational structure, methods and manner of work in 1989. The second chapter presents the selected dailies Rudé právo and Svobodné slovo. The third chapter discusses the methodology of the entire work, and the final chapter contains research on the selected dailies in the form of a quantitative content analysis.
|
|
|
Regional differentiation in perception of immigrants and immigration by students of secondary schools and its determinants
Divínová, Pavlína ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
Regional differentiation in perception of immigrants and immigration by students of secondary schools and its determinants Abstract This thesis deals with the attitudes of Czech upper-secondary school students to immigrants. The main goal of this thesis is to find out whether there are regional differences in the perception of immigrants by students of the upper-secondary schools in the Czech Republic and to find out which factors can affect the perception of immigrants and their regional differentiation. Considering the actual situation in the world, the topic of this thesis is very up-to-date. It is necessary to be carefully prepared for the increase of the international migration to ensure smoother integration of migrants in the concerned countries. Much research addresses the international comparison of countries in the perspective of immigrants, but monitoring of intra-national differences is really important and can tell us a lot about where the main causes of the problems are. Based on this opinion, I was studying the relationship of the Czech society with immigrants. As a sample, I opted for students of grammar schools and vocational schools. As a main theoretical concept, I choose contact hypothesis of Gordon Allport. It is based on the assumption, that to prevent prejudice and conflicts between...
|
guest ::
