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Personality Cult in Turkmenistan 1991-2006
Purkertová, Eliška ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This case study discusses the role of Turkmen president Saparmurat Turkmenbashi's personality cult as a part of Turkmen totalitarian ideology. The work's scope is restricted by a time period beginning with the country's declaration of independence in 1991 and ending by president's death in 2006. The work analyses the manner the personality cult served the president to keep his power. It builds upon a thesis that personality cult is a defining feature of Turkmen totalitarianism. Using empirical analysis, the author attempts to analyze the effects of the personality cult on the society and daily life in Turkmenistan and tries to clarify the mechanisms of political power and the position of the personality cult within the regime. The cult marks many aspects of daily life in Turkmenistan - politics, society, architecture, culture, media and even the schooling system and history interpretation.
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Rusian approach to military intervention under the "Responsibility to Protect" principle
Prokopová, Barbora ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, the Russian Federation plays an important role in the debate over humanitarian interventions. These are defined by the Responsibility to Protect principle that allows international military intervention into internal political crisis of other countries in case the security of civilian population is in danger. Russia sent its army to Georgia in 2008 and Crimea in 2014 referring to this principle. However, it was Russia's reluctance to approve any intervention that governed the diplomatic negotiations during the Libyan civil war in 2011. The importance of the problem of various understanding of the R2P principle by different world powers is still crucial and is also clearly visible on the ongoing conflict in Syria. This thesis focuses on the approach of the Russian Federation to the Responsibility to Protect principle. It determines general factors that influence the issue of humanitarian intervention in the framework of Russian foreign policy, and puts Russian attitude to the overall context of the discussion about this principle. The thesis confirms the assumption that the R2P principle has become a Russian foreign policy instrument, which has been misused within the Russian sphere of interest and used to obstruct the interventions initiated by the...
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Russian-Western Relations in the context of the Ukrainian crisis
Beran, Jiří ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
This thesis aims to find out the causes of the Ukrainian crisis that started at the end of 2013 with demonstrations in Ukrainian cities against the president Yanukovych's regime. This crisis later escalated into the seizure of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian federation and led to the war in the eastern Ukraine. Moreover, the crisis is closely linked to a broader crisis between Russia and the West, represented mainly by NATO and the European union. This work also attempts to find the possible reasons for the crisis. Furthermore, this thesis searches for an answer to the question whether the Ukrainian crisis could be resolved by Ukraine's acceptance of its neutral status, and whether this would improve the relations between the West and Russia. Since they were in similar situation during the cold war, Austria and Finland are used as examples of possible solution for the crisis by declaring the neutral status.
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Georgian state identity and foreign policy after 1991
Lewandowski, Jakub ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
The aim of following diploma thesis is research on the relationship between state identity and foreing policy of Georgia in period of 1991 - 2014. Although Georgia is situated on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, local elites potray the country as part of the Europe. Georgia is conducting long-term policy aimed at integration into Western structures and this orientation is often explained as the evidence of influence of ideas on foreign policy. Despite significant popularization of research on ideas in international relations, this is not the case of young post-Soviets countries. Using foreign policy analysis together with social constructivist approach, I am analysing development and the core of Georgian state's identity and its relationship with foreign policy. The object is to understand modern history of the country from ideational a foreign policy point of view.
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Relations of the Turkish Justice and Development Party with the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government and the Syrian Democratic Union Party between 2011 and 2014
Gümplová, Anna ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This thesis compares relations between the Turkish ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) the Syrian Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Iraqi Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) between 2011 and 2014 on the background of its Kurdish minority policy and approach to the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK). Since AKP came to power the governmental approach towards so called "Kurdish question" have changed and it started to be more open to negotiations with the PKK. However, there were major changes in the AKP's stance on the "Kurdish question" during the peace processes with the PKK. In 2011 the AKP established closer, especially economic, relations with the KRG. This profitable partnership included a cooperation regarding the approach towards the PKK. In 2014 problems arose when Turkey almost did not help KRG militarily in its fights against ISIS. Turkey's approach towards the PYD was from its conception hostile, which has even worsened after the launch of the Syrian civil war, because PYD was getting stronger politically and militarily. The thesis describes different approaches of the AKP towards KRG and PYD and substantiates it on the background of the issue of the Kurdish question.
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Dagestan as a possible destabilising element in the internal politics of the Russian Federation
Motúzová, Diana ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the situation in Dagestan as well as its destabilising potential influencing not only life in this republic and the North Caucasus region, but also the whole internal politics of the Russian Federation. An examined area includes political, social, economic and religious aspects of processes inside the Dagestani society. The aim of this thesis is to find out on the basis of analysis of the given spheres, whether Dagestan becomes an unavoidable destabilising element in the domestic political constellation of Russia. In the first chapter, the role of ethnic and religious identity as well as the social conservatism is analysed as a possible factor of conflict. In the second chapter, the thesis is focused on comparison between political situation in the era of consociationalism and the period since the introduction of centralistic reforms. The third chapter examines the Islamic radicalism in the society as well as the reasons for and the consequences of this phenomenon. Subsequently, the thesis discusses socioeconomic problems and the question of regulation of land relations in the society. The last chapter examines the influence of stances of the federal centre and the ethnically Russian population towards Dagestanis on the security situation in the republic and its...
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Nagorno Karabakh: Ethnopolitics and geopolitics of conflict
Ditrych, Ondřej ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the relationship between ethnopolitics (defined by a raised demand of political autonomy for a community delimited along ethnical lines) and geopolitics (spatial definition and pursuing of national interests, determined by power) in what is one of most serious conflicts in post-Soviet space - Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. Structure of the thesis is dialectical. Firstly, it defines terms such as conflict, conflict resolution or security, which will be used in the rest of the paper. Then, the conflict is placed into a spatial context, be it in its physical/material or spiritual/historical dimension. An effort is made to contextually embed Nagorno- Karabakh into the region of South Caucasus - whose politics has for centuries been shaped by conflicting interests of great powers - and to present a detailed projection of the disputed territory; not merely that of Nagorno-Karabakh itself, but also that of adjacent raions, whose total area is almost double in comparison. The main argument of this section is that the value of Nagorno-Karabakh rests not in the material realm - a dispute over "scarce resources" - but rather in the spiritual one, for is is perceived by the parties to the conflict as a "territorialization of national memory", or a constitutive element...
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