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The influence of carcinogenic infectious agents on cancer incidence in Czechia in 2018
Jančura, Václav ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hejtmánková, Alžběta (referee)
The main goal of this diploma thesis is to estimate the influence of carcinogenic infectious agents on the cancer incidence in Czechia in 2018, including the difference among sexes, age groups, the development over time and the placement in global context of its problematics. The thesis also aims to analyse the share of individual carcinogenic infectious agents on cancer incidence in Czechia in 2018. In the analytical part, the method of population attributable fraction and age-standardized incidence rates were used. The analysed data came from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic and the Czech Statistical Office. One of the main conclusions is that the influence of carcinogenic infectious agents on cancer incidence in Czechia in 2018 was low, which corresponded with the typical influence for one of the most developed countries in the world. The most frequent carcinogenic infectious agent was human papillomavirus, followed by Helicobacter pylori. The carcinogenic infectious agents had a greater effect on cancer incidence among women. Between 1978 and 2018, there was a significant reduction of the influence of carcinogenic infectious agents on cancer incidence. Keywords: cancer, incidence, carcinogenic infectious agents, population attributable fraction
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Ethnic/race differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer in the USA
Slaměníková, Jana ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with ethnic differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer. One of the primary aims is to analyze the influence of selected socio-demographic factors, health factors and lifestyle factors on the incidence of colorectal cancer. Another main aim is to find out if there are ethnic differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer in the United States to determine the contribution of the influence of selected socio-demographic and lifestyle factors using the data from the PLCO database. PLCO is a case-control study which includes individual data collected from approximately 155,000 respondents in the United States. The main finding is a significant influence of respondents' age structure, gender, ethnicity, education, family history of colorectal cancer as well as diabetes on the incidence of colorectal cancer. It has also been suggested that alcohol consumption, smoking and obesity increase the risk of colorectal cancer. On the contrary, an increased intake of vitamin D and drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid (in this case aspirin) reduces the risk of colorectal cancer. The influence of age structure and gender on the risk of developing colorectal cancer has been determined as statistically significant in African Americans, Caucasians and others (including the remaining...
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Population Development of Israel
Benešová, Tereza ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The aim of the presented work is to analyse and describe the population development of Israel between 1948-2018. Basic descriptive demographic indicators of fertility, mortality and international migration are used for the analysis. The space is also dedicated to the age and sex structures of the population. The indicators are calculated or taken from estimates that are based on previous censuses and population movement records. The work identifies differences and similarities in the population development of religious and nationality groups. It also includes an international comparison and an outline of Israel's future population development after 2018. The results show that fertility was highest among Muslim religious group for most of the period under review, however, in recent years there has been a decline and convergence with the Jewish population group. Mortality has improved in all population groups, which is confirmed by the growing life expectancy. The overall increase of Israel's population was predominantly affected by the mechanical change throughout the period under review. Migration has been an important factor influencing Israel's population development, with Europe being the main source area of immigrants. Keywords Israel, population development, religious and nationality groups,...
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Owerwight and Obesity as a Risk Factor for Cancer and Diabetes
Rožeková, Katarína ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The present thesis contains a set of three related articles dealing with the influence of one of the most important risk factors namely overweight (BMI≥25kg/m2 ) and obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2 ) on mortality intensity of selected types of malignant neoplasms and prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes. (I) The first published article analyzed the attributable risk of population death for selected malignant neoplasms in 2016, which could be attributed to excessive BMI in the Czech population from 2008 according to sex. (II) In the second submission, the analysis was expanded, estimating and comparing mortality in the Czech and Slovak populations and between different age categories. The present studies were analyzed using the population attribute fraction (PAF). (III) The aim of the last analysis was to determine the prevalence of diabetes (DM) and pre-diabetes in the Czech population and to assess their risk factors. In their studies, the authors point to the continuing and growing problem of obesity and its consequences across Europe. They thus contribute to a deeper understanding of the long-term risk factor involved and the design of measures for the planning and subsequent implementation of prevention. The present analyzes were also published in "Demography" (I), "Epidemiology, Microbiology,...
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Health expectancy in Europe: analysis of explanatory factors
Horník, Vojtěch ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
Health expectancy in Europe: analysis of explanatory factors Abstract Health expectancies are aggregate measures of morbidity and mortality. This thesis analyzes health expectancies in European countries, especially in relation to factors that explain variation in values of health expectancy. Healthy life years and healthy life expectancy based on self-perceived health are chosen as specific indicators used throughout the analysis. First, trends in these measures are analyzed in the period 2005-2017. Second, healthy life expectancy based on self-perceived health is regressed on gross domestic product (GDP), measures of education, long-term unemployment rate, share of government expenditure on health and a measure of income inequality. Income inequality and education are found to have significant associations with health expectancy. For GDP and health expenditures, results were not conclusive. Unemployment was found to be associated with health expectancy positively, contradictory to expectations. Keywords: health expectancy, healthy life years, self-perceived health, regression, morbidity
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Regional mortality analysis in the Czech Republic in the 1994-2014 period
Sehnalová, Barbora ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
Regional analysis of mortality in the Czech Republic in the 1994-2014 period Abstract The aim of the thesis is to identify the differences in mortality trends in the regions of the Czech Republic during 1994-2014. The mortality differences are analyzed according to sex and causes of death using the life expectancy at birth, life expectancy at age 65, standardized mortality rate of causes of deaths, more detailed for the five most common causes of death, and decomposition of the difference in life expectancy at birth by age and causes of death. Results of the analytical part of the thesis show presence of the regional differences in mortality trends during 1994-2014 and it is therefore necessary to identify the causes. The mortality rate and structure of regions with the most favorable mortality conditions and the least favorable mortality were compared in more detail. While the intensity of mortality in these regions was similar, there were differences in causes of death. Finally, the cluster analysis was used for identification of the regions with similar mortality conditions. Keywords: mortality, regional differentiation, regions, causes of death, cluster analysis, Czech Republic
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Socio-geographic determinants of risky substance use among Czech adolescents
Kážmér, Ladislav ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
The thesis aims at the specific issues of health-related behaviour among the contemporary Czech youth, with particular emphasis on a socio-geographical dimension of the phenomena. In particular, it aims at identification of selected demographic, social, and contextual factors underlying the inequalities in risky substance use among the Czech adolescent population in its complex multilevel perspective. By applying the advanced methodology of multilevel modelling, the author reveals an integral nature of these factors in space and time, and thus contributes to a deeper knowledge on the structures and processes determining the selected forms of risk behaviours. In addition to an integrative multilevel approach, the author derives recommendations for an effective planning and implementation of preventive measures in agenda of the Czech drug policy as well. Key words: adolescence; substance use; prevalence; socio-geographic inequalities; multilevel analysis; Czechia
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Cancer and healthy life style: Socio-epidemiological study
Coganová, Klára ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The prevalence of cancer in the world continues to grow, faster in economically developed countries. According to current scientific knowledge, at least one third of cases could be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. The present thesis therefore sought to analyze the prevalence of cancer in connection with the lifestyle of the European population, of 63,772 respondents of the SHARE study (The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) in fact. The work contains the theoretical description of the problem and the analytical part. The differences in the prevalence of the diseases of the respondents from 16 European countries were monitored in the empirical part. The relation between the incidence of cancer and the groups of diseases defined by alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity and the lifestyle of the respondents was analyzed by the method of binary logistic regression. The survey was expanded by the summarizing indicator of Healthy Lifestyle Index, compiled from smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body weight, and consumption of fruit and vegetables. The analysis, among other things, showed that with the decline in the healthy lifestyle index, the risk of malignancy in both men and women increased and is more pronounced in males. Keywords: cancer, prevalence, healthy...
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Breast, cervical and testicular cancer - epidemiology, screening and prevention
Altová, Anna ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The main concern of this thesis are breast, cervical and testicular cancer with focus on their epidemiology, screening and prevention. The epidemiological situation in Czechia and selected member states of EU is described by using indicators of incidence and mortality. The first main goal of this thesis is to analyze breast and cervical cancer screening coverage as well as the coverage by regular gynecologist check ups by using data from VZP health insurance company. It has been found that the breast cancer screening coverage rates are influenced by age structure. Cervical cancer screening coverage and gynecologist check-up coverage grow from 2009 to 2017. The other main task was to find out about knowledge of self-examination of Czech young people by using the data from questionnaires from educational programme "Healthy balls". Health knowledge among these students was low. There were found some differences in health behaviour and health literacy between gender and age groups.
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Long-term trends of avoidable mortality in Central and Eastern European countries
Kulhánová, Ivana ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the trends in avoidable mortality in the selected Central and Eastern European countries in the period 1980-2005. Since the collapse of the communist regime, the mortality in the Czech Republic has improved more rapidly than in other Central and Eastern European countries. The concept of avoidable mortality has been used as a methodological instrument for measuring of efficiency of the health care system in order to reduce intensity of mortality in population. Using the method of decomposition of the temporary life expectency between ages 0 and 75 years, contributions of each category of causes of death were investigated. The results of time analysis show that improvements in health care and prevention, and change of lifestyle significantly contribute to the increase of the temporary life expectancy between the years 1980 a 2005. On the contrary, impact of the health care system was not shown in the study of geographical differences in mortality. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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