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Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade: Trade in Intermediates versus Trade in Final Products
Ježek, Jan ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Cazachevici, Alina (referee)
This work represents an attempt to observe exchange rate volatility impact on international trade flows decomposed into intermediates and final products. Existing production chains are costly and sometimes risky to relocate. This thesis aims to test that belief and further, tests assumption that demand for final products is more elastic with respect to foreign exchange rate volatility than that with intermediates. It uses data from 2000 to 2014 and employs gravity model of trade on the sample of 43 countries. Country pair Fixed effects and Bonus Vetus OLS are then used as method of estimation. This work emphasizes proper theory-consistent estimation. It stays in line with contemporary empirical literature only a small negative overall effect is estimated. I find that when foreign exchange rate volatility grows by 10% trade is reduced by less than 0,5%. Regarding expected difference in effect of elasticities I however remain inconclusive.
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Imaging via multimode optical fiber: recovery of a transmission matrix using internal references
Šiler, Martin ; Jákl, Petr ; Traegaardh, Johanna ; Ježek, Jan ; Uhlířová, Hana ; Tučková, Tereza ; Zemánek, Pavel ; Čižmár, Tomáš
Current research of life shows a great desire to study the mechanics of biological processes\ndirectly within the complexity of living organisms. However, majority of practical techniques\nused nowadays for tissue visualization can only reach depths of a few tens of micrometres as\nthe issue obscures deep imaging due to the random light scattering. Several imaging\ntechniques deal with this problems from different angels, such as optical coherence\ntomography, light sheet microscopy or structured light illumination A different and promising strategy to overcome the turbid nature of scattering tissues is to employ multimode optical fibers (MMF) as minimally invasive light guides or endoscopes to provide optical access inside. Although the theoretical description of light propagation through such fibers has been developed a long time ago it is frequently considered inadequate to describe real MMF. The inherent randomization of light propagating through MMFs is typically attributed to undetectable deviations from the ideal fiber structure. It is a commonly believed that this\nadditional chaos is unpredictable and that its influence grows with the length of the fiber.\nDespite this, light transport through MMFs remains deterministic and can be characterized by a transmission matrix (TM) which connects the intensity and phase patterns on the fiber input and output facets. Once the TM is known it can be used to create focus in any desired 3D\ncoordinates beyond the distal fiber facet, see figure 1, and perform e.g. fluorescence based\nlaser scanning microscopy or optical trapping.
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Optical binding of polystyrene particles in tractor beam
Damková, Jana ; Chvátal, Lukáš ; Oulehla, Jindřich ; Ježek, Jan ; Brzobohatý, Oto ; Zemánek, Pavel
The motion of a particle illuminated by a laser beam is usually driven by the photon flow due\nto the radiation pressure and therefore for particle trapping, one has to employ gradient forces. But in a tractor beam, objects are illuminated by the uniform light intensity and even so they can be pulled against the beam propagation. There have been developed several techniques how to create such a tractor beam. In our case, the tractor beam is created by two identical Gaussian beams that interfere under the defined angle. It creates the\nstanding wave, where in the transversal plane the particle is trapped by means of the gradient\nforce, but in the total beam propagation direction, the particle manipulation is driven by the non-conservative force. It is remarkable that this force can for the specific combinations of\nparameters pull the micro-particle against the beam propagation. This kind of behavior is\nbecause of the particle scattering where the majority of the incident photons is scattered in the forward direction and, based on the principle of action and reaction, the transfer of\nmomentum leads to a backward movement of the object. The pushing and pulling force is\nsensitive to the polarization of the laser beam, its incident angle and the particle size so this\ntechnique can be used for example for sorting of objects of different sizes.
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Experimental fluorescence device for dielectrophoretic sorting of droplets in microfluidic chips
Ježek, Jan ; Pilát, Zdeněk ; Šmatlo, Filip ; Zemánek, Pavel
At present, many chemical and biological disciplines use different forms of spectroscopy for their observations. One of the most common methods is fluorescence spectroscopy. During the last seven years, microfluidic techniques began developing rapidly, using channels in which two immiscible liquids create droplets with diameters from units to tens to hundreds of micrometers. These droplets serve as liquid microcontainers containing the analysed sample and the necessary reagents. Using special microfluidic techniques, it is possible to fuse droplets with different contents (controlled triggering of chemical reactions), to change the concentration of reactants in the droplet with high speed (concentration gradients), or sort the droplets by content (creation of new cell strains).\n\n
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Remedies for copyright and neighbouring rights infringement in international context
Ježek, Jan ; Císařová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Holcová, Irena (referee)
Remedies for copyright and neighbouring rights infringement in international context The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively summarise the current international state of remedies for copyright and neighbouring rights infringement. For that purpose the thesis outlines subject matter of copyright and neighbouring rights, international and European legislation, execution and infringement of such rights. With regard to intangible nature of subjects protected by copyright and neighbouring rights, it is not sufficient to prescribe measures only at national level; on the contrary it is necessary to prescribe legislation internationally, because execution and infringement of rights can occur at multiple locations simultaneously. Therefore, this thesis also deals with current issues of digital era, which must be dealt with by the law of copyright and neighbouring rights. The topic of this thesis is divided into five parts. First chapter outlines the intellectual property rights and mainly the special nature of copyright and neighbouring rights. Second chapter summarises most of international treaties in the field of copyright and neighbouring rights and guides through the evolution of international legislation. Further the chapter summarises the European legislation on copyright and neighbouring...
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Determination of the stress state in a clay massif using deformation measurements in an adit
Novák, Vojtěch ; Mašín, David (advisor) ; Ježek, Jan (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to determine the original stress state of a clay massif in the town Brno. Stress state of rock mass is generally expressed by an empirical relationship of coefficient of earth pressure at rest K0. This coefficient can be determined by numerical methods, laboratory tests and also using inverse numerical analysis. This diploma thesis deals with the determination of the original stress state in rock mass by means of numerical modeling. Excavation of an exploratory adit R2 has been selected as a case study for the backanalysis. It was excavated for the purpose of engineering geological survey within the construction of Královopole tunnels. The numerical model was developed using geotechnical software Plaxis 2D and 3D using two advanced hypoplastic models. These models did not consider stiffness anisotropy. The results of the presented diploma thesis are the values of the coefficient of earth pressure at rest K0, obtained using four different types of numerical analyses. In addition, overconsolidation preassure of a natural clay was determined using empirical relationship by Mayne and Kulhawy (1982) and using oedometric compression tests on undisturbed samples of brno clay.
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