|
|
Association of phase angle with parameters of energy metabolism in patients with COPD
Kovářová, Lenka ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Lenka Kovářová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Association of phase angle with parameters of energy metabolism in patients with COPD Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, energy metabolism, indirect calorimetry, phase angle Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious inflammatory disorder with constantly rising global prevalence. In addition to the characteristic irritation of respiratory tract with a progressive decline in pulmonary function, it is associated with significant systemic effects that contribute to the severity of the health condition. Moreover, metabolic changes related to ongoing systemic inflammation including increased respiratory demands, inappropriate nutritional supplementation and pharmacotherapy are observed in patients with COPD. In this work we focused on finding the association between phase angle (PA), the cell mass predictor obtained with bioelectrical impedance analysis and parameters of energy metabolism determined by indirect calorimetry. In total, 50 patients with a stable COPD were analysed, who were further divided by gender and measured PA with a limit value of 5. In group with PA < 5, we...
|
|
|
Effects of exotic plant extracts on proliferation and migration of normal human dermal fibroblasts
Lehečková, Zdeňka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Background: Wound healing is a physiological and highly organized complex process leading to tissue repair after an injury. A dynamic interplay between cellular and extracellular components involved in the repair process is essential for regular wound healing, results in a restoration of tissue integrity. Samoa Islands in the South Pacific are considered one of the most preserved places in the world. Local exotic plants are widely used by indigenous people to treat various skin injuries. However, the healing skills of these traditionally used plant species have been poorly studied from a scientific point of view. Methods: We analysed the effects of 16 Samoan plant extracts for their potential wound healing properties, by assessing dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration. For the evaluation of these cellular events in vitro DNA quantification and scratch wound assay were employed. Results: Screening of all extracts showed various effect on cell proliferation and migration with a concentration dependence. Particularly, at the highest concentration 512 µg/ml were cytotoxic 8 extracts, while at the concetration 32 µg/ml expressively reduced fibroblast proliferation 3 extracts. The effects on cell migration correlated with the proliferation assay results. Based on the screening data, 3 extracts...
|
|
|
Effect of nutritional support on energy expenditure and nutritive substrate oxidation in polytrauma patients.
Vlnová, Jana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
In this study, examinations of 6 patiens of the ICU of the University Hospital in Hradec Kralove were included. The aim of this study was to describe case reports of individual patients and to look for statistically significant correlations between nutritional support, oxidation of nutrients and other parameteres. Anthropometric measuring and indirect calorimetry were used for the examination of patients. The case reports show the individuality that occurs in patients. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate measured data. Statistically significant correlations were proven, among them relations between enterally given nutrition and the creation/loss of muscle tissue (carbohydrates: P = 0,000189, lipids: P = 0,001284, proteins: P = 0,000255), between carbohydrate oxidation, resp. protein oxidation and the number of hours spent on ventilation (carbohydrates: P = 0,041278, proteins: P = 0,02185), between respiratory quotients and the duration of the trauma (respiratory quotient: P = 0,014695, nonprotein respiratory quotient: P = 0,027904), between carbohydrate oxidation related to ideal body weight and lipid intake (P = 0,014085) and between protein oxidation and carbohydrate intake (P = 0,012703). Key words: polytrauma, indirect calorimetry, nutritional support, malnutrition
|
|
|
Influence of nutrition at lactating women on the composition of breast milk.
Šebestová, Gabriela ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Najpaverová, Simona (referee)
Batchelor thesis titled Influence of nutrition at lactating women on the composition of breast milk, processed in the form of literature review. It deals with influence of mother's dietary habits on the composition of breastmilk and on the nutrition of the breast-fed child. It focuses primarily on a group of nutrients, whose content in breast milk is dependent on the mother's intake. Macronutrients, micronutrients and potential allergens in milk, the effect of fluid intake on the content and amount of milk, and the effect of dietary supplements on milk production and quality are described. Key words: lactation, nutrition, nutrients, composition of breast milk
|
|
|
Exercise as Medicine. Growth Hormone Response to High-intensity Interval Training
Bažantová, Michaela ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Michaela Bažantová Supervisor: Ass. Prof. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of Diploma thesis: Exercise as Medicine: Growth Hormone Response to High- -intensity Interval Training The present research focused on growth hormone response to exercise is part of a wider project related to the beneficial effect of high-intensity interval training and therefore is related to the topic of "exercise as medicine". We hypothesized that as shown by Booth et al, in several systems of our organism (such as the cardiovascular system, skeletal system etc.) our genome is maladapted, because of our reduced physical activity compared to our ancestors. Therefore, also the growth hormone response (GH) to exercise is decreased. Several mechanisms, such as increased lactate concentration in blood, increased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, afferent signals from muscle metabolic receptors etc., have been proposed as stimuli for the GH response to exercise. The aim of the present research is the study of a possible metabolic stimulus of a relative muscular hypoxia, which is the ratio between energy demand and oxygen availability, as the main regulator of the growth hormone production.
|
|
|
Phylogenetic and taxonomic characterization of new haloarchaea related to natronomonas.
Šantorová, Anna ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Candidate: Anna Šantorová Title of diploma thesis: Phylogenetic and taxonomic characterization of new haloarchaea related to Natronomonas. Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Biological and Medicinal Sciences University of Sevilla, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Study program: Pharmacy This work continues with the characterization of new Archaea related to the genus Natronomonas isolated from hypersaline waters of solar salterns located near the city of Huelva in the southwest of Spain. These microorganisms need a high concentration of salts in the environment for their survival and growth. Ana Durán-Viseras started with their characterization and I was participating on the continuation of the project during my stay in Sevilla. To complete the phylogenetic studies, we amplified the rpoB' gene of the potentially new species of Archaea as a part of MLSA and we created a phylogenetic tree. Based on these results we came to the conclusion that they represent new genus, which was later confirmed by the analysis of polar lipids profile by the HPTLC method. We have determined the guanine and cytosine content, which is part of the taxonomic characterization of new prokaryotic species. We have started the phenotypic characterization.
|
|
|
The nitrogen balance evaluation at ventilated polytrauma patients in ICU.
Slováková, Tereza ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of nutritional support on energy expenditure and nutritional substrates oxidation, focused on proteins and nitrogen balance, in ventilated polytraumatized patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The study was performed on 15 critically ill patients (12 men and 3 women), their average age was 43,6 ± 17,5 years. 7 patients were examinated without nutritional support, 8 patients were examinated after administration of hypocaloric nutritional support. The examination of fasting patients was conducted after at least 4 hours of fasting. The examination of patients with nutritional support were conducted after at least 4 hours of nutritional support administration. Energy expenditure, resting energy expenditure and nutritional substrates oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry. After statistical analysis of measured data was found, that administration of hypocaloric nutritional support did not significantly influence nutritional substrates oxidation. Protein intake correlated with total nitrogen balance (p = 0,0133) and muscular condition. Results suggest, that administered proteins were partly used as source of energy instead of muscle protein and partly used a different way, e.g. for tissue reparation. Therefore, nutritional support...
|
|
|
Evaluation of muscle endurance among groups with varying degrees of physical activity
Pospíšilová, Markéta ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Aim of this thesis is to compare muscle endurance in group of people with different physical activity. For this thesis we chose 24 people, specifically 14 women and 10 men, who were 21-27 years old and we divided them into two groups according to their daily energy expenditure into active and inactive group. Because of the fact that during physical activity ratio of body composition changes, part of this thesis was also anthropological measurement, where we measured body composition of every person by method of bioimpedance and also their weight and height. We also measured spirometry parameters. Then we used myometer and pinchgrip for measurement of muscle endurance in selected group of muscles in half of maximal strength. We discovered significant differences in muscle endurance in various groups of muscle. In some groups of muscles we proved significantly higher values of muscle endurance (determined as time of endurance test and area under the curve of dependence of muscle strength on time) in the group of people with higher daily energy expenditure. We successfully proved significant association of muscle endurance with energy expenditure, body composition and spirometrical parameters.
|
|
|
Evaluation of muscle strength among groups with varying degrees of physical activity
Voplakalová, Sabina ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Sabina Voplakalová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of muscle strength among groups with varying degrees of physical activity The aim of this thesis was to elaborate the existing knowledge about the composition of the human body, muscle strength depending on the different levels of physical activity and methods that can be used for evaluation. The next goal was to collect custom data on a selected group of people using available devices and finding statistically significant associations between individual parameters. A total of 24 healthy individuals with variable physical activity, aged 21-27 years (10 males, 14 females), were divided into two groups, according to the average energy expenditure. Data collection included basic anthropometric measurements, determination of body composition by means of bioimpedance spectroscopy, spirometric parameters and muscle force by means of digital pinchgrip/myometer. Significant statistical differences between the measured groups were found in body mass, body mass index and peak expiratory flow. When evaluating maximum strength, the groups were different in flexion of ankle and elbow....
|
|
|
Evaluation of the nutritional subtrates oxidation and energy expenditure in polytrauma patients on nutritional support
Beil, Kamil ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Kamil Beil Consultant: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Evaluation of the nutritional substrates oxidation and energy expenditure in polytrauma patients on nutritional support The aim of this study was to determine and demonstrate the influence of nutritional support on energy expenditure and nutritional substrate oxidation in polytrauma patients in the intensive care unit, because is not well known. The study was performed on 14 patients in critical condition (11 men and 3 women). Their mean age was 45,29 ± 17,67 years. Examinations were obtained after at least 4 hours nutritional support administration. Energy expenditure and nutritional substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry under standard condition. Bioimpedance analysis using body composition monitor was used to determine values overhydration. From a relatively large number of results was demonstrated that the intake of energy in kcal · kg-1 · 24 hours-1 (p = 0,0125; r = -0,6461), carbohydrates in g · kg-1 · 24 hours-1 (p = 0,0108; r = -0,6563), proteins in g · kg-1 · 24 hours-1 (p = 0,0017; r = -0,7576) reduces protein oxidation in g · kg-1 · 24 hours-1 which the body did not use as...
|
guest ::
