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Drones (UAVs) in the area of emergency services (Integrated Rescue System)
Bobek, Jan ; Baumgartnerová, Alena (referee) ; Rujbrová, Šárka (advisor)
Drony jsou v oblasti integrovaného záchranného systému používány stále častěji, díky jejich lepší dostupnosti a ceně. V policejní oblasti jsou drony využívány k monitorování různých akcí nebo hlídání podezřelých oblastí. Policie drony také využívá k rekonstrukci dopravních nehod. V hasičské oblasti se drony používají hlavně k monitorování požárů a předávání informací pilotovi dronu, ale jsou vyvíjeny i drony určené k hašení požárů. V urgentní medicíně jsou drony využívány k přepravě vybavení a krevních vzorků v místech, kde to pozemními prostředky není možné nebo to je obtížné. Cílem této bakalářské práce je poskytnout přehled dronů využívaných v oblasti integrovaného záchranného systému a popsat technologie související s těmito drony.
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Regulation of transcription in Gram-positive bacteria
Rabatinová, Alžběta ; Krásný, Libor (advisor) ; Bobek, Jan (referee) ; Valášek, Leoš (referee)
Bacteria are the most abundant organisms on the planet. They live almost in all environments, including those that are most extreme. All land and water ecosystems depend heavily upon their activity. Bacteria play essential roles in cycling of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur. Due to their short cell cycle, they must be able to swiftly adapt to the conditions of their habitat to survive. Microbial growth itself is an autocatalytic process. There are three distinct phases of the growth curve: lag, exponential (log), and stationary. Bacterial cells must change their gene expression between these phases in order to adapt to the new conditions. The first stage of gene expression is transcription. The key enzyme of this stage is RNA polymerase (RNAP) that transcribes DNA into RNA. RNAP is regulated by a number of accessory proteins and also small molecule effectors. Understanding how RNAP functions is essential for understanding how bacteria cope with changing environments. This Thesis presents studies of selected aspects of bacterial gene expression regulation at the level of transcription, using Bacillus subtilis as the model organism. The first part of this Thesis focuses on protein determinants of the ability of RNAP to be regulated by the concentration of the initiating nucleoside...
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Analysis and mapping of binding sites of gene expression regulators in the genus of Streptomyces.
Šmídová, Klára ; Bobek, Jan (advisor) ; Krásný, Libor (referee) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee)
Streptomyces are medically important soil-living bacteria that undergo morphological changes from spores to aerial hyphae and are important producers of bioactive compounds including antibiotics. Their gene expression is tightly regulated at the early level of transcription and translation. In the transcriptional control, sigma factors play a central role; the model organism Streptomyces coelicolor possesses astonishing 65 sigma factors. The expression of sigma factors themselves is controlled on the post-transcriptional level through the action of sRNAs that modify their mRNA level. However, only several sigma factors in Streptomyces have known regulons and also their sRNAs-mediated regulation has not been studied so far. According to previously measured gene expression data, we selected several highly expressed sigma factors. Using mutant strains with HA-tagged sigma factors, regulons of two important sigma factors, SigQ and HrdB, were analyzed by ChIP-seq procedure. Other sigma factors were further studied to see if they possess asRNAs, using 5' and 3' RACE method and northern blotting. Our data confirm the essentiality of HrdB sigma factor during the vegetative phase of growth. The other sigma factor, SigQ, has been revealed to be an important regulator of nitrogen metabolism and osmotic...
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Studying of Gene Expression Involved in Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis in Streptococcus Equi Subsp. Zooepidemicus Using DNA Microarrays and Real-Time PCR
Hrudíková, Radka ; Šeda,, Ondřej (referee) ; Bobek,, Jan (referee) ; Velebný, Vladimír (advisor)
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important substance, which is mostly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. This substance is commonly found in the human body. HA is one of the factors contributing to virulence of microorganisms. Some bacterial strains produce hyaluronic acid in the form of a mucoid capsule that encapsulates the cell to protect bacteria against the immune system of the host organism. One of the main producers is the bacterial strain Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Contipro a.s. uses the strain CO4A to produce hyaluronic acid in large scale. The production strain was obtained by random mutagenesis by UV light. The aim of the work was to study changes in the genome, which led to a significant increase in hyaluronic acid production, using DNA microarray and real-time PCR (qPCR). The genome of the strain CO4A was sequenced and compared to reference ATCC35246 [1]. The size of the genome is 2,167,251 bp and 83 relevant variants (59 SNV and 34 indels) have been identified. Variants in coding regions were annotated and amino acid sequence changes were determined. In SNV mutations there was a change in the amino acid sequence in 45 cases. The change was identified in every case of indel mutations. The expression level of selected groups of genes was monitored in both strains by the method of DNA microarrays. A cascade of increased expression level of amino sugar metabolism genes leading to the synthesis of UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine was observed in strain CO4A (the increase in expression level of these genes compared to ATCC35246 was on average 28 %). Subsequently, the expression of selected genes was verified by qPCR. There was no significant difference in the expression level of the has operon genes of both strains. The effect of supplementation of the culture medium with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), which is one of the precursors of HA synthesis, was also studied by qPCR. A positive effect of the supplementation of the culture medium with external GlcNAc in the CO4A strain has been recorded. Also, the supplementation has positive effect on the yield of HA from the medium (increase in yield was on average by 17 %). GlcNAc has been shown to have a positive effect on the yield of HA in ATCC35246 strain as well (increase in yield was 9 % on average), but no significant changes in the expression levels were found in selected groups of genes in ATCC35246.
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Function of stress sigma factors of RNA polymerase SigD, SigE, SigH and SigM in transcription regulation network of Corynebacterium glutamicum
Dostálová, Hana ; Pátek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bobek, Jan (referee) ; Halgašová, Nora (referee)
Grampositive bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important industrial producer of amido acids and other metabolites. Its genome encodes 7 sigma (σ) subunits of RNA polymerase: primary factor σA , primary-like σB and five alternative sigma factors, σC , σD , σE , σH and σM (sigma factors with extracytoplasmic function). This study is focused on revealing so far unknown regulons of stress sigma factors or closer description of regulons whose genes are controled by σD , σE , σH and σM . These factors were partially described for their activity during surface (σD and σE ), heat (σE , σH and σM ) and oxidative (σH and σM ) stress response. We assumed that the genes of each regulon are transcribed from promoters of a single class. For the purpose of detailed promoter analysis, it was necessary to develop methods which can quickly and reliably assign sigma factor to particular promoters and, thus, respective genes. For this purpose, a combination of in vivo (two-plasmid system) and in vitro (in vitro transcription) techniques was developed that allow to specify this assignment. We identified 9 σH /σE - promiscuous promoters (PamtR, Pcg0378, Pcg1121, Pcg3309, Pcg3344, PclgR, PdnaJ, PdnaK and PsigB), 7 σD /σH - promiscuous promoters (Pcg0607, Pcg2047, Pcmt2, PfadD2, Plpd, PlppS and PrsdA) a 9 σH /σM...
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Preparation and testing of SNOM probes
Bobek, Juraj ; Neuman, Jan (referee) ; Spousta, Jiří (advisor)
Fotonická krystalická vlákna (PCF) představují slibný nástroj pro spojení technik známých z mikroskopie rastrovací sondou, elektronové mikroskopie a systémů pro vstřikování plynu. Přivedení světla a přenos pracovního plynu současně do blízkosti vzorku umístěného uvnitř elektronového mikroskopu přináší nové možnosti experimentů. PCF by mohly být použity nejen k charakterizaci nebo modifikaci struktur na mikroskopické úrovni, ale také k jejich výrobě. Tato práce se zabývá výzkumem literárních zdrojů s tématikou fotonických krystalů s důrazem na PCF. Leptání PCF pomocí kyseliny fluorovodíkové bez poškození jejich vnitřní struktury je experimentálně studováno s velkou precizností. Optické vlastnosti závislé na geometrii PCF jsou testovány pro různé modifikace PCF. Dále se práce zabývá spojením PCF s mikroskopií atomárních sil a následnou integrací do elektronového mikroskopu.
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The effect of 6S-like RNAs on physiological differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor
Burýšková, Barbora ; Bobek, Jan (advisor) ; Branny, Pavel (referee)
The variety of bacteria and their genomes sometimes causes conservation of homologue molecules to be displayed not in sequence but in secondary and tertiary structures. In the case of the regulatory 6S RNA, sequence homologues have been found in over 100 bacterial species so far. However, none were found in the genus Streptomyces. The unique genome of these soil- dwelling bacteria, known for their capacity to produce antibiotics, has a high G/C content and diverges substantially from distantly related bacteria. Yet in the non-coding 6S RNA it is the secondary structure that is crucial for its function. The 6S RNAs trap sigma factors by mimicking target promoter sequences in order to help with switching sets of expressed genes during developmental transitions. 6S-like RNA genes in Streptomyces coelicolor have been computationally predicted by comparison of in silico modelled secondary structures of known 6S RNAs. The aim of this thesis was the verification of these 6S-like RNA predictions. The experimental approach was based on RNA co-immunoprecipitation (RNA CoIP), as well as RT- PCR from RNA samples. The outcomes of this project are the detection of six novel ncRNA transcripts with possible 6S-like RNA functions, which also served as the wet-lab verification of the in silico prediction technique...
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Success of institutionalization? Internal development of the Bavarian CSU in Panebianco's perspective
Bobek, Pavel ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
Křesťansko-sociální unie v Bavorsku (Christlich-soziale Union in Bayern - CSU) je zvláštním úkazem německého i bavorského poválečného stranického systému. V Bavorsku vládne více jak padesát let s absolutní většinou v zemském sněmu, na * spolkové úrovni je - ač o ní často můžeme slýchat jako o regionální straně - v dlouhodobé parlamentní a případně i vládní koalici se sesterskou Křesťanskou demokratickou unií Německa (Christlich Demokrcitische Union Deutschlands - CDU), vůči níž je, i přes nejrůznější asymetrie, formálně v rovnoprávném postavení. CSU tak přes svůj regionální charakter vykonává kromě role zemské strany i roli strany celoněmecké, s odpovídajícími nároky na vedení - vzpomeňme například na nedávnou kancléřskou kandidaturu tehdejšího předsedy CSU a bavorského premiéra Edmunda Stoibera pod hlavičkou obou stran Unie. Bylo již napsáno mnoho o německém stranickém systému. Patří mezi obecně známá fakta, že se tento systém vyvinul - částečně díky povaze volebnímu systému, částečně vzhledem k omezujícím krokům spojeneckých okupačních vlád a německého spolkového ústavního soudu - od multipartismu ke specifickému systému dvou a půl stran k současnému umírněnému multipartismu.1 Samotní aktéři stranického systému - politické strany z hlediska jejich vnitřního vývoje - se však z hlediska politologických...
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