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The darkest place is under the candlestick. Involvement of Presidential Office employees in resistance activities during the Second World War.
Piják, Martin ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Šedivý, Ivan (referee)
The central resistance groups, with the help of their collaborators, gradually linked up with important state agencies, thus aiming to obtain the widest possible range of important information. This was also the case of the Presidential Office at the Prague Castle. The main objective of this thesis is to present lives of the employees of the Presidential Office who were involved in the Second Resistance Movement and who often sacrificed their lives when pursuing this activity. The emphasis is placed on analysis of their social and economic status. This thesis considers also other aspects that may have significantly influenced individuals' decisions to join the resistance (such as their military background, family). The names of the resistance participants are rarely remembered these days, and many of them have been forgotten, hence part of this thesis is also devoted to the question of the so-called second life of these individuals - commemoration of the deceased or the subsequent post-war fate of the survivors. Based on archived documents (such as dispatches to the government-in- exile) and other materials (e.g. memoirs of resistance movement participants) available today, the thesis further analyses involvement of the office staff in activities of the national resistance organizations and their...
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"The state of Czechoslovakia wants to grow" Forms and changes of Czechoslovak foreign trade in 1922-1918
Řimnáč, Jan ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Jančík, Drahomír (referee)
In this master's thesis I would like to focus on the development of foreign trade in the first years of the independent Czechoslovak state. The export of various domestic products and goods has always played an important role in the modern history of this state - from the Industrial Revolution through the twentieth century to the present day. The first Czechoslovak governments also paid a great deal of attention to foreign trade, as it was to be an important part of the country's active balance of trade. Between 1918 and 1922, various governments tried to control foreign trade through various commissions, syndicates and a special office for foreign trade. The focus of this thesis will therefore be on analysing the activities of these institutions. The aim of the thesis will be to give an account of how foreign trade was conducted, how it was transformed and what influence government policy had on it. I have chosen to end the thesis in 1922, when the Foreign Trade Office was abolished, which was justified by the end of the transition to a market economy.
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Lovosice in a period of transformation. Socio-economic and political transformation of the city at the end of the 20th century
Broul, Jan ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Randák, Jan (referee)
Příloha č. 2 Abstract: The topic of my diploma thesis was focused on the important changes that took place in Lovosice between 1989 and 2000, with an emphasis on political history and socio-economic transformation. I will analyze the transition of Lovosice from a centrally planned economy to a capital system. Special attention will be paid to the development of the local chemical and food industries, which were key industries during the socialist period, and their adaptation to the new conditions of the market economy. This thesis also deals with the initiation of entrepreneurial activities within the city and their importance for the local economy. Key political events of the time will be presented, including the Velvet Revolution or the first election and their impact on this particular city. In order to write this study, I will mainly use archival research and oral history methods. I will be based not only on the city archive fund, but also on local company archives (especially Sechezy, now Lovochomie). An important part of the sources are also local periodicals, whether again of a corporate, urban or cultural nature. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive picture of the transformation of Lovosice from a socialist industrial town to a modern village, as we already know it today. I want to...
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Between the cross and the cup. The press of the Czechoslovak People's Party at the time of the Marmaggi affair
Jelínek, Jan ; Randák, Jan (advisor) ; Čechurová, Jana (referee)
Presented thesis deals with content of press connected to Czechoslovak People's Party by the time of so called Marmaggi affair and the campaign in 1925 elections to the National assembly. It stands on a premise, that followed texts mirrored positions of czech political catholics, whose main representative was the People's Party. Party leadership set from a start course of conciliation and loyalty toward Czechoslovakia. This direction had gone difficult by several factors, among them anti-catholic wave following formation of new state and first months of its existence. Even after it's decline anti-clerical and anti-catholic tendencies didn't disappear, as we can find their bearers among the leading figures of the republic, including the president Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. This research raises the question of the process of the political-catholic press receiving policy of the party leadership policy of loyalty toward state, in time of rupture between the republic and catholic church, which strenghtened the tension between loyalty toward the state and the patriotism on one side and catholicism on the other. How did the catholic journals comment the course of the party? Did they try evaluate, defend or criticise? Did they suggest an alternative to it? Was expressed any attitude towards the state even by...
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Analysis of the period women magazine Hvězda československých paní a dívek (1925-1945)
Bulínová, Veronika ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Šedivý, Ivan (referee)
Thesis is focusing on a magazine Hvězda československých paní a dívek primarily designated for women, which used to be published in an era of the First Czechoslovakian republic, then in the Second republic and has been cancelled after the end of the Protectorate. Magazine has been published in the Melantrich concern, which was part of a Czech political party of National socialists. This thesis will first introduce the Melantrich establishment and his publishing activity. Melantrich became one of the most successful press companies in the era of the First republic. Mentioned is also the most famous owner of the Melantrich concern, Jaroslav Šalda. Afterwards the editorial office of the magazine is introduced, which was gradually changing over the years, according to the political situation that persisted at the time. Some of the editors were even well known First republic figures. In the second half of the paper, there is an analysis and description of the four most appearing roles of women which has been gradually changing as the society progressed. Among these roles are a mother, a wife, a divorced woman, and a worker. These roles are analysed by articles, photos, or letters from the readers. The main goal of this work is to show, how these images of women have been changing over the years and if...
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Displaced Persons after World War II. in Europe: The Czechoslovakian Perspective
Kasíková, Jana ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee) ; Maršálek, Zdenko (referee)
This dissertation explores the phenomenon of Post-World War II Displaced Persons, i.e. persons who were relocated due to the events of World War II. Following international research on the issue, this thesis examines it in the Czechoslovak context, both in terms of how the authorities in Czechoslovakia approached the problem and by directing attention to the group of Czechoslovak Displaced Persons themselves. It also discusses the cooperation with the Western Allies and focuses on the territory that was administered by them after the end of the war. The focal point of the thesis is the year 1945, a period when intensive efforts to care for and repatriate Displaced Persons (as originally understood) took place. A separate chapter outlines the development of Displaced Persons as a research topic and the principal research questions associated with it. The second part of the thesis investigates the international and Czechoslovak structures that provided care for the displaced, across several temporal levels. First, the organized efforts created to care for Displaced Persons are set in the long-term institutional and ideological context. Next, it describes how the cooperation and network of institutions that were to include the Displaced Persons in their purview were planned and constituted during...
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Publicly held opinions of Josef Kliment in the interwar period
Heidenreich, Jiří ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Šedivý, Ivan (referee)
The topic of this bachelor's thesis is the work of doc. Josef Kliment (1901-1978) and his opinions presented during the twenty-year period of the Czechoslovak (1918- 1938) and Czecho-Slovak (1938-1939) Republics. Josef Kliment, a lawyer, historian of the law, pedagogue and publicist, became an infamous figure in the protectorate's presidential office, who was repeatedly accused of collaboration and active pro- German agitation. But what were Kliment's publicly presented views before this period? Did he really hold positions that we could call undemocratic or anti-regime during the time of the free republic? Through the analysis of Kliment's activity, especially the publishing one, the submitted work will try to answer these questions. The work is primarily based on the analysis of newspaper articles and materials from Josef Kliment's personal collection, stored in the Archives of the National Museum. The most widely represented periodical, in which Josef Kliment also published most often, was Demokratický střed, from which the author of this work also drew the most often. Other sources can be named, for example, Národní politika, Studentský obzor, Všehrd, or Národní listy. His smaller works, studies and, in addition, Kliment's correspondence were also used. For a comprehensive treatment of the set...
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Czechoslovak Tourism in Socialist Yugoslavia. Institutions, Imaginations and Reality.
Jelínek, Martin ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Rychlík, Jan (referee)
International tourism has become a common part of human life. This phenomenon, originating in the modernization of society in the 19th century, has undergone a complex and long development. From its initial stages, when it was reserved for high society, through the understanding of its economic potential for the modern state and economy, to the final massification of international tourism in the second half of the 20th century. In a bipolar world, the specifics of the development of international tourism are shown with respect to which side of the Iron Curtain this tourism is developing on. A special example is if the development takes place somewhere on the border of both blocks. Czechoslovak tourism heading to Yugoslavia is a good example of blending the Eastern approach to traveling abroad with a specific model of the Yugoslav perspective on the phenomenon of tourism. Czech and Slovak tourists have been regular guests since the 19th century, heading precisely to the countries that made up the Yugoslav state. The presented work deals with how the institutionalization of Czechoslovak tourism in socialist Yugoslavia developed and was anchored, i.e. which institutions and in what way they ensured tourism, how and with which institutions on the Yugoslav side they were forced to cooperate and how this...
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Reflection of women's suffrage in the daily press from the founding of the Czechoslovak Republic to the first parliamentary elections
Sazimová, Terezie ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Šedivý, Ivan (referee)
The topic of the bachelor's thesis is women's suffrage and its reflection in the Czechoslovak daily press in the period from the establishment of the independent Czechoslovak state to the important milestone of the first parliamentary elections. Women fought for their voting rights several years before the founding of Czechoslovakia, and only its creation enabled them to speak into political life through the ballot, parliamentary mandate or membership in the municipal council. Some women even sat as deputies in the Revolutionary National Assembly in November 1918. Women's suffrage was thus not only a new democratic element, but at the same time women became potential voters and members of political parties. Not only party newspapers had to reflect this fact. Therefore, the aim of the work is to determine in what ways different party and independent periodicals reacted and approached the issue of women's active and passive suffrage within the monitored period. The text of the thesis will be based mainly on the Czech party press of the strongest Czechoslovak political parties - the Republican Party of the Czechoslovak Countryside, the Czechoslovak Socialist Party, the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Labor Party, the Czechoslovak People's Party and the Czechoslovak National Democratic Party. In...
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