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Lagomorpha (Mammalia) of the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Europe: a revision of selected taxa
Čermák, Stanislav ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Sabol, Martin (referee) ; Benda, Petr (referee)
1 Lagomorpha (Mammalia) pliocénu a pleistocénu Evropy: revize vybraných taxonů Stanislav Čermák Předkládaná dizertační (uznaná jako rigorózní) práce se zabývá vybranými taxony fosilních zajícovců (starobylá konzervativní skupina býložravých savců) úseku spodního pliocénu až spodního pleistocénu (ruscin - bihar) Evropy. Technikami podrobné morfometrické analýzy (42 metrických, 14 nemetrických znaků) byl zpracován fosilní materiál (většinou nový nepublikovaný) dentálních a kraniálních pozůstatků rodů Psedobellatona, Ochotonoma, Ochotona a Hypolagus (N = 639) celkem z 38 lokalit území Česka, Slovenska, Maďarska a Ukrajiny reprezentující stratigrafický úsek spodní ruscin až svrchní bihar (MN 14 - Q2). Daná práce podává: (1) Ochotonidae - detailní revizi dosud komplexně nestudovaných taxonů pišťuch "skupiny Ochotona" spodního pliocénu (ruscin) východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (tj. taxonů Ochotona antiqua, Pseudobellatona, a Ochotonoma); v kontextu Česka a Slovenska revizi nálezů rodu Ochotona z pleistocénních (MN 17 - Q1) lokalit daného území, která podstatnou měrou rozšiřuje znalosti o těchto pišťuchách založené dosud na relativně nepočetných nálezech z lokalit Francie, Německa, Polska a Maďarska; (2) Leporidae - komplexní revizi rodu Hypolagus - stěžejního a dominantního rodu čeledi Leporidae pliocénu a...
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Taxonomy of beetle families Eulichadidae and Callirhipidae (Coleoptera: Elateriformia)
Hájek, Jiří ; Král, David (advisor) ; Bezděk, Jan (referee) ; Löbl, Ivan (referee)
In my thesis I have focusedon the alpha-taxonomyof two poorly known beetlefamilies Eulichadidaeand Callirhipidae occurringpredominantlyin forestsof tropical areas.Both familiesareclassifiedas incertaesediswithintheseriesElateriformia. The smďl elateriformfamily Eulichadidaecomprisesof two extantgenera:the monoýpic Califomian genusStenocolusLeConte, 1853,andthepredominatelyOrientalgenusEulichas Jacobson,l9l3, with 42 describedspecies.The larvaeofboth geneÍaareaquatic,while the adultslive on vegetationneaÍwateÍ,and especiallythe genusEulichas is oftenattractedat light. Altogether182taxaatthespecieslevel belongingto six generaarecunentlyclassiftedin the family Callirhipidae.Membersof the family occurmainly in tropicsof Oriental,Australian andNeotropicalzoogeographicalregions.Larvaefeedon rottenwood,adultsarecollectedon deadtreetrunks,butmostofall theyareattractedatlight. REVISION OF THE GENUS EULICIIAS JACOBSON, 1913 (COLEOPTERA: EULICHADIDAE) I. INTRODUCTION, MORPHOLOGY OF ADULTS, KEY TO SUBGENERA AND SPECIES GROUPS. AND TAXONOMY OF E. FUNEBRIS SPECIES GROUP [ - seelist of publications] First partof the revisionsummarizesour knowledgeaboutthe genusEulichas. It containsa detailedmorphologyof adults,andkeys to identificationof subgeneraandspeciesgroupsof the genus.The taxonomyofthe E funebris speciesgroupis...
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Cell signaling pathways controlling meiotic maturation of mammalian oocytes
Šolc, Petr ; Motlík, Jan (advisor) ; Petr, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dráber, Pavel (referee)
4 2 Summary in English The female germ cells called oocytes arise from the primordial germ cells during embryogenesis. They are essential for the reproduction. Already during embryogenesis oocytes enter meiosis, however, they arrest at the dictyate stage of prophase I. After onset of sexual maturity luteinizing hormone induces the resumption of meiosis of follicle enclosed oocytes (GV stage) in animals (in vivo) but removing of oocytes from follicles and culture in a suitable medium allows the spontaneous resumption of meiosis in vitro. Nuclear envelope break down (NEBD or GVBD) is the first visible mark of the meiosis resumption. Later after GVBD, the metaphase I (MI) spindle forms and after all chromosome bivalents are correctly attached to microtubules (MTs) anaphase I occurs. Following meiosis I completion, oocytes enter directly meiosis II and arrest at metaphase II (MII). These oocytes are fertilizable and sperm trigger meiosis II completion. The development from GV to MII oocytes is governed mainly by meiosis promoting factor (MPF) that consists of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclin B (CCNB). On the mouse oocytes, we have shown using functional studies (RNA interference, mRNA microinjection) that phosphatases CDC25A and B cooperate in the induction of CDK1 activity and resumption of meiosis....
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Distribution of predators, predation risk and antipredation strategies in waterfowl
Kreisinger, Jakub ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bureš, Stanislav (referee) ; Tkadlec, Emil (referee)
Jakub Kreisinger - summary of the Ph.D. thesis: Predation is an important selective force affecting many evolutionary and ecological process. Anthropogenic landscape changes often alter these processes due to qualitative and quantitative changes in the predator comunity. This thesis contains four papers that are focused on various aspects of the nest predation, antipredation strategies and distribution of predators in the landscape modified by human activities. The first contribution "Nest protection in mallards (Anas plathyrhynchos): Untangling the role of crypsis and parental behaviour" (Kreisinger & Albrecht 2008) focus on the effect of antipredation strategies on the reproductive success in a ground nesting bird, mallard. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that multiple antipredation strategies including nest site selection parental antipredation behavior and crypsis due to clutch concealment by the nest material during incubation recesses reduce sumultaniousely the risk of the clutch predation in birds. Contrary to some previous studies, the relative effects of crypsis and parental anti-predation behaviour on nest survival did not differ with respect to antipredation effect of the nest concealment by surrounding vegetation. The hypothesis that linear strips of shrubby vegetation and high grass...
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Uptake and Utilization of Different Nitrogen Forms by Wheat Plants
Raimanová, Ivana ; Haberle, Jan (advisor) ; Vaněk, Václav (referee) ; Gloser, Vít (referee)
4" Concllsions The aiill trt ihi. tilc'i: \\as the evaIuationoť physioIoeicaIand agronoriiicaspet'i.,rl i,1'1;,1r.-iul,.irltilizaticinof main fclnnsof'N in rvlreat. \\'hcri bcltiligs tc Íhe species sensitive to toxic effect of ammoniuntir-.nsuch;isitl Ílttspeciesrr.ithnegatil'ereactionto low pH too. In pIantsrrith\ij' a\ ÍheonIi sourceof nitrogentoxicitysymptoms- limited root grorr-tiric'tl:i R.! ratio.deíiciencyof essentia|cations(K', C-a2*,Mg'*) or aceulnulaticrr.of ainrncnrurnions in the oldest leaves- were cbserved. T.heseS\,l1]ptol1-lsuere iargely'suppressedby increasingpÍ{ of cultivation soiution. Lori pH also had negative effects on plants frorn the nitrate treailÍlent'T.hetcxrc effeet of. ammoniurnions is deereaseelby the higher availabilitl'of both forms of nitrogen.lt seemsthata strongacidificationof' rhizospherecausetlby the ammonium ion uptake is the main reason of' negativegrowin_qreaetionof wheatplants. Kinetie parametersof uptake(V."* and K,) characterizinghigh- affinity uptake system,can be used for assessmentof intra and inter specieselifferencesin effectivenessof nitrate and ammonium uptake.ln both studiedspeeies of wheaÍ(T.aestivutnand T"durum)a higher eapacity (V*,*) for the uptake of ammonium ions when comparedto nitrates,but simultaneouslya beťteraÍfinit1'for nitrate(|owerK,n)was...
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Study of polyamine metabolism in cell division and their role in physiological plant processes
Gemperlová, Lenka ; Cvikrová, Milena (advisor) ; Šebela, Marek (referee) ; Havel, Ladislav (referee)
3. AIMS To study the role of PA biosynthesis,oxidation and conjugation in maintenanceof free intracellular PA levelsduring the growth and cell cycle of tobacco BY-2 cell culture (Nicotiana tabacum L.cv. Bright Yellow-2). Partial aims: o To describe alterations in the levels of free PA and PA conjugated with HCA during the growth and cell cycle oftobaccoBY-2 cell culture. o To charaďerjzechangesin the activities of PA bioqynthetic en4/mes(ADC, ODC and SAMDC) during the growth and cell cycle oftobacco BY-2 cell culture. o To detenrrinatechangesin the activiý of PA degradation en4fme (DAO) duringthegrowthandcell cycle of tobacco BY-2 cell culture. Following (next)aims: o To evaluatealterationsin the levels of intracellular free and conjugatedPA in tobacco BY-2 cell culture under Cd2*- inducedoxidativestress. o To studythemechanismsof PA homeostasis(biosynthesis, degradation and conjugation) during the diurnal cycle oftobacco plant(Nicotiana tabacumL. cv. Wisconsin 38). o To evaluate the role of excreted PA in PA homeostasis dwing the growth cycle of tobacco BY-2 and alfalfa (MedicagosativaL.) cell suspensionculture. o To comparechangesin the PA metabolismduring somatic and zygotic embryodevelopmentof Norway spruce(Picea abiesL. (Kars|). 7
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Study of the function of the hybrid proline-rich protein family
Dvořáková, Lenka ; Fischer, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vágner, Martin (referee) ; Havel, Ladislav (referee)
Lenka Dvořáková SUI'^,ÍARYoF TřE PH.D. TFDSIS 4. CONCLUSIONS Ancestral HyPRP evolved probably from a lipid transfer protein (LTP) relative that had acquired a sequence encoding a long proline-rich N-terminal domain. The origin of HyPRPs may be one of the evolutionary innovationsof seedplants. Specific sequence is not probably important for formation of the functional 8 CM domain of HyPRPs with exception of eight conserved cysteine residues.which stabilize the tertiary structureof the domain. HyPRPs with long proline-rich N-terminal domains are relatively well-conserved and probably evolutionary more original. Proteins with aýpical N-terminal domains (very short. glycine-rich) evolved apparently relatively recently and independentlyin differentplant speciespossibly by means of shortening, loss or re€uTangements of the ancestral longer proline-rich domains. Glycine-rich domains could originate from proline-rich ones by way of inversion in the coding sequence.This mechanismcould have greatimpact in evolution of cell wall proteins in general, becausethey are often rich eitherin prolineor glycine. N-terminal domains of angiosperm C-type HyPRPs remained relatively well conserved (long and hydrophobic), while the rest of angiosperm HyPRPs has been undergoing rapid and continuous diversification. However, in the...
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Changing spatial pattern of land use in the Czech Republic and its driving forces
Kabrda, Jan ; Bičík, Ivan (advisor) ; Kubeš, Jan (referee) ; Spišiak, Peter (referee)
Jan KABRDA: Changing spatial pattern of land use in the Czech Republic and its driving forces The main objective of my.dissertation thesis is to analyse changes of spatial pattern of land use in the Czech Republic since the mid-19'n century. My secondary aim is to discuss advantages and limits of various methods that can be used for this research. The text is divided into two main sections. The first one includes an overyiew of literature on the given issue. The second one comments six attached articles that constitute the main body of the thesis, representing main results of my research. The first section of my thesis consists of three chapters. In the first one I discuss the term,,land use" itself; importance and practical applicability of its research; and theoretical approaches used throughout the world to explain patterns and changes of land use, and to create schemes for its;;search. Chapter Two includes an overyiew of methods and data sources used in land use research, especial|y of quantitativ" ón.,, in the whole world in general, and in Central Europe in particular. In the third chapter I summarize the main processes of land use changes - of current changes at global level, and of changes during last two centuries within the Central European context. The six attached articles represent...
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Identification and expression of genes engaged in flowering of a model plant Chenopodium rubrum.
Cháb, David ; Štorchová, Helena (advisor) ; Kovařík, Aleš (referee) ; Smýkal, Petr (referee)
Summary: Study presentedin this PhD thesis focusedon the molecularbasis of flowering inductionin a short-dayplantChenopodiumrubrum.We lookedfor respectivehomologsof CONSTANS (CO), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FZ) and LEAFT (LF"I) genes,which act as crucialregulatorsin thephotoperiod-dependentsignalpathvtayinArabidopsisthaliana. We identifiedtwoFT-like (FTL) genesCTFTL| aCTFTL2 ditreringin theirexpression pattemsin tefraploidC. rubrun. CTFTLI showedrhythmicexpressionpeakingin midday. ElevatedexpressionoÍCrFTL| wascorrelatedwithfloweringunderpermissivephotoperiodic treatnents,whereasit was not expressedat all undernon inductivephotoperiďic regimes' CrFTL2 showedconstitutiveexpression.CrFTL| verylikely playsa Íoleas a floral inducer, butthefunctionof CTFTL2remarnsunknown. Two CO-lil&e (COZ) genes CTCOLI a CTCOL2 identified inC. rubrum are altemativelysplicedandproducetwovariantsoftranscripts.Oneofthem wasstandardwith oneintronlocatedin conservativesite,theotheronehadanadditionalintronconespondingto the90bp regionofthe first exon.This typeofaltemativesplicinghasnotbeendescribedin other lnown CoL gercs. All forms of fanscripts show allmost identicď rhythmic Eanscriptionalpattsmspeakingat the end of the night and differ only in the level of individualmRNA. Light stronglyinhibitednanscriptionofboth CrCOtr genes. We have ďso...
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