Láska v Huxleyových románech Konec civilizace a Ostrov

Petrová, Diana

Utopia and dystopia are terms that often occur together. Utopia usually refers to a perfect or at least improved society in which all people are happy; dystopia, on the other hand, commonly represents a somehow perverse, undesirable society. The term "utopia" is older, appearing for the first time in Thomas More's book Utopia (1516), although the concept itself existed long before it got its name. "Dystopia" is a much younger term, which was used for the first time in John Stuart Mill's parliamentary speech in 1868. The term "utopia" consists of two Old Greek words that translate as "no place." The meaning of this term directly illustrates the utopian ambiguous nature - while utopia represents a much better world than the present one, at the same time it also points to the improbability of such world. It is typical of utopias that they are sustained by certain rules slightly restricting one's freedom, which could potentially be regarded as direct proof of the impossibility of a complete utopia. Dystopia is then to some extent based on this ambiguity of utopia. The main characteristic of dystopia is its undesirability stemming from the repressive laws that ensure the obedience of the population. Aldous Huxley's most famous novel, Brave New World (1932), is traditionally considered a dystopia and...

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