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Errors in use of the subjunctive of the English-speaking and Czech-speaking students of Spanish
ROSA CALVO, Marta
The understanding and production of the Spanish subjunctive mode has always been regarded as a challenge for students and Spanish teachers as a foreign or second language. It is the lack of correspondence of this verbal mode in other languages, along with its versatility and the numerous semantic and pragmatic nuances that the change of verbal mode implies, what leads to problems among both students and teachers. Due to this and many other reasons, the present study aims to analyse the specific problems that two groups of students of Spanish may encounter: anglophone and Czech speakers with an intermediate-high level of language (B2 according to the CEFR). To do so, two similar surveys have been launched aimed at both groups. These surveys include the specific syntactic structures pertinent to this language level, whose modal selection usually causes major difficulties. Likewise, a contrastive analysis will be developed focused on the syntactic structures which are subject of study in Spanish, English and Czech. The purpose of the latter is to extract some specific characteristics of the above-mentioned languages, and thus offer an objective perspective of the problems that students may encounter in the comprehension and production of these syntactic structures. Furthermore, the difficulties that may be drawn from the results of the surveys will be evinced, and some solutions are expected to be presented in response to these problems and in the face of Spanish language teaching as a foreign or second language.
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Verb Moods in Completive Subordinate Clauses - Contrastive Corpus Analysis.
MEZEROVÁ, Kristýna
This master´s thesis describes the issue of the grammatical moods in the completive clauses in French and Czech. The theoretical part introduces at first the classification of the verb moods, especially the French subjunctive, the indicative and the conditional and after that the concept of the subordinate clause and the differences of approach to the completive clause in French and in Czech. The main topic of the theoretical part is a study based on the ideas of the French linguist Olivier Soutet. It is dedicated to aspects that determine the choice between the use of the subjunctive and the indicative in the French completive clauses. Finally it presents a hypotetical equivalents to the subjunctive in the Czech language. The theories presented in the first part of the thesis are verified by way of the research in the parallel corpus Intercorp which examines a selected sample of completive clauses.
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The category of mood in nominal clauses in contemporary Spanish
Tomeš, Jan ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
KEY WORDS subjunctive, nominal clauses, Spanish, Czech, norm, usage ! ABSTRACT Many works and studies have been dedicated to the usage of indicative and subjuntive in Spanish. It still remains a wildly discussed topic, however, since it is interlocutor's attitude which makes the usage often differ from the codified norm. This paper focuses on the usage of indicative and/or subjuntive in nominal clauses with verbs entender, comprender, admitir, aceptar, explicar, sospechar, imaginar(se), figurarse, suponer and quejarse in the main clause. The norm, explained in the theoretical part of this work, is later confronted with the analysis of selected occurences in CRAE, i.e. the usage. Second analysis executed with paralel corpus InterCorp servers as comparison with the situation in Czech.
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Indicative and Subjunctive in Concessive Clauses in Spanish (with the conjunction aunque)
HOJEK, Martin
The bachelor thesis investigates the use of indicative and subjunctive in Spanish concessive clauses (with the conjunction aunque). The essence of the thesis is a statistical analysis of the text samples. The theoretical part elaborated on the base of Czech and foreign specialized literature is followed by the analysis itself. The analysis was disposed by the medium of corpus CREA (Reference corpus of current Spanish made by the Spanish Royal Academy).
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Competition between the indicative and subjunctive following verba opinandi in pre-classical and classical French
Lipská, Karolína ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the development in the usage of verb modes following verba opinandi in pre-classical and classical French. An evident change in complementation of these verbs had taken place in the 17th century, namely a decrease of the subjunctive to the benefit of the indicative which became a norm in an affirmative sentence in the end of the century. The theoretical part describes this development through information in old and historical grammars. In the practical part the aim is to verify this information on authentic texts in FRANTEXT, a set of French diachronic corpora. This research enabled to create statistics, specify the theoretical information and find a turning point in the development. It also showed distinctions in the indicative/subjunctive ratio between different sentence types.
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Spanish Exclamative Clauses Expressing Will (with Reference to Czech and Slovak)
Výrosteková, Dominika ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate simple Spanish clauses expressing implied will. They represent the way of how we can express our wish or desire without referring us to any addressee. This work consists of two parts, theoretical and modal. The first part is dedicated to the enlightenment of the term of verbal mode. This is considered to be important because these types of clauses are associated with a specific verbal mode, known as subjunctive. We will describe the use of subjunctive in simple clauses in more detail, but without neglecting its alternation with the indicative mode and the issue of an imperative mode, which consists in different approach to the meaning of the verbal mode in Spanish linguistic tradition. The second section of the chapter will then be dedicated to the modality, where we clarify the term and apply it on Spanish language. We will define specific expressions and paradigms that will be dealt with in the practical section. It will consist of a few corpuses analyzes in four different linguistic corpuses, namely InterCorp, Araneum Hispanicum Maius, CORPES XXI and CREA. KEY WORDS subjunctive, modality, wish clauses, Spanish, hable, hablara, deontic modality
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Spanish verb grammatical constructions where the verb changes its meaning depending on the choice of mood in the subordinate clause
Vokatá, Barbora ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The present work deals with the spanish grammatical constructions with the verbs that admit both the verb in the indicative and the subjunctive in the subordinate clause and whose meaning varies depending on the selected mood in the subordinate clause. The subject of our research are the verbs insistir (en), decir, temer, temerse, sentir, esperar, hacer and parecer. By the parallel language corpus InterCorp we analyse what are the trends in the use of the above verbs in the indicative and subjunctive and we study the influence of this modal opposition how it is reflected in the czech translation. Keywords: mood, modality, subjunctive, indicative, change of meaning
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