|
|
Pressure ulcer as an adverse event
Vydrová, Ivana ; Klokočková, Šárka (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Decubitus as an adverse event" deals with the comparison of the modified Norton scale and the Braden scale. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the frequency of decubitus in the Central Military Hospital in Prague. The aim of the work was to compare the accuracy of both scales. Another aim of the work was to monitor the preventive measures introduced. Part of the work was to determine and describe the frequency of occurrence of decubitus in the selected medical facility. The theoretical part of the thesis explained the basic definitions and essential concepts related to decubitus, adverse events and departmental safety objectives. The empirical part contains the results of the actual research investigation and its comparison with the results of studies focusing on similar topics. Method: a mixed methods research design was chosen. Results: 48.48% of the respondents rated the risk of decubitus according to both scales in agreement. In 51.52 % respondents the evaluation according to one scale did not correspond to the evaluation according to the other scale. The Braden scale had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 59%. The Norton scale also had a sensitivity of 100%, but a significantly lower specificity of 3%. Of the preventive measures used, skin care, pain assessment, and...
|
|
|
Use of assessment scales for palliative patients
SLÁDKOVÁ, Michaela
The thesis deals with evaluating scales used in palliative patients. Palliative care has become a quickly developing field of study. To ensure individualized high-quality care for palliative patients, it is important for the nurse to be able to work according to the latest nursing procedures, which include, among other things, work with evaluating scales. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out whether nurses use specific evaluating scales in palliative patients and in what way these evaluating scales are of use to a nurse taking care of a palliative patient. The theoretical part of this thesis helps the reader get a basic preview of the issue of evaluating scales in palliative care. First, the history and division of palliative care are described. Further, the way of how palliative care works in the Czech Republic is outlined, what roles nurses hold in palliative care as well as what needs patients in palliative care have. The second chapter deals with tools used for evaluating the needs of palliative patients. The empirical part of this thesis was carried out via a qualitative research survey. Processing was done using a semi-structured interview with 10 nurses at chosen hospice facilities. First, the nurses´ identification was carried out. The interview itself consisted of 14 open-ended questions organised so that research questions would get answered. Data found out via survey was further processed using the open-coding ´pen-and-paper´ method and dividided into 4 logical categories further divided into sub-categories. A difference was found out between nurses from mobile hospice care and bed hospices in terms of the type of evaluating scales used. Evaluating scales serve nurses as an indicator of care and a quick review of problems in palliative patients. Further, information obtained via evaluating scales is consulted with doctors who may, thanks to this information, adjust their patient´s healthcare plan.
|
|
|
Rating scales in traumatology
PROKOPOVÁ, Martina
This diploma thesis is split into two parts - a theoretical and an empirical one. Most of the content of the theoretical part is created by description of individual scales and tests, used for different areas. There are briefly mentioned phenomena of traumatology, the history of trauma centers in the Czech Republic and the nursing care. In this part there is also information regarding nursing documentation which the evaluation scales are part of. The first unit of research part of the diploma thesis was realized in the form of quantitative survey on the basis of semi-structured interviews with nurses working at trauma department. The results of this survey were examined in details with help of categorization and coding. The most important answers of the people surveyed were shown in diagrams, which were created according to the defined categories. For the second unit was chosen quantitative research, performed in the form of non-standardized questionnaire with the total of 110 people surveyed. The results of the questionnaire survey were statistically processed. Regarding the questionnaire survey, five research questions and two hypothesis were identified. The aim of this paper was to research the use of evaluation scales for patients in traumatology and at the same time to map the point of view of nurses on the issue of evaluation scales and their use in nursing. According to the statistical results it is true that the opinion of nurses, regarding the scales, is affected by the length of their praxis and the level of education. The results of the research concluded that evaluation techniques are positively accepted by the nurses. With their help, it is possible to evaluate a patient´s skills, needs and problems with nursing care, in a simple way. According to the survey, nurses did not see some of the scales as objective because in case of some items, there might occur projection of personal perception into the process of evaluation. The reason is the lack of information which nurses are missing when using the scales. The nurses are aware of benefits of using these scales but they do mind the time spent for filling it. The struggle with time is a commonand constant problem the nurses have. It is given by the disproportionate number of tasks caused by the lack of staff. That is the reason why no greater interest can be expected. In traumatology, according to the result, the greater application of scales will be found with VAS and CGS scales.
|
|
|
Standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy
Špačková, Anežka ; Tichá, Monika (advisor) ; Jeníček, Jakub (referee)
Title: Standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy Abstract: This bachelor's thesis is aimed at giving an overview of the most commonly used standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy and their comparison. It deals mainly with the best known methods of examinations that are used in practice. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, muscle tone and its regulation and spasticity as one of the upper motor neurone syndrome symptoms are specified. Moreover, the methods of examination (Ashworth scale and its modifications, Tardieu scale and five-step clinical assessment of spastic paresis according to Gracies) are presented and described in detail there. The practical part contains two case reports of patients after a cerebrovascular accident. Examinations and evaluations of spasticity, including Modified Frenchay scale or walk tests, which are described in the theoretical part, are applied to patients. The main contribution of this thesis is to create a comprehensive comparison of standardized examinations of spasticity through studies and my personal experience. Key words: spasticity, upper motor neurone syndrome, examinations and evaluations of spasticity, rating scales, Modified Frenchay scale, walk tests, five-step clinical...
|
|
|
Rating scales in traumatology
PROKOPOVÁ, Martina
Modern lifestyle (technology, increasing intensity of sport activities, motor sports) results into increasing number of injuries and traumas and their seriousness. Injuries are at the first place in the assessment of cause of death among children and adults. Traumatology deals with prevention, diagnosis and treatment of injuries involving soft tissues, bones and joints. Traumatology should be considered as a complex diagnostic-therapeutic process, which includes medical history, clinical examination and imaging methods. Based on this examination, the diagnosis is made. Then comes therapeutical considerations and possibly a patient is indicated for surgery. Evaluation scales in nursing are elementary and integral part of nursing documentation. With their help, it is possible to define the object of observation and the way of evaluation (scoring of selected manifestations). Based on the received information it is then possible to precisely identify, objectify and document the problems arising in connection with nursing care. The result is finding an adequate solution to the problem and improving the quality of nursing care. Therefore, nurses should be equipped with basic skills on how to use the scales and how to work with them. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and an empirical one. The theoretical parts contains information about traumatology, its history and trauma centers in the Czech republic. It also contains information about nursing documentation, which includes assessment scales. We mainly focused on individual assessment scales for evaluation of state of consciousness, the risk of bedsores, the risk of falling and scales for evaluation of the degree of self-sufficiency. Among other scales we dealt with pain assessment, nutritional screening and screening tests for cognitive function evaluation. We have discussed these scales further in the text. The first part of the research part of this diploma paper was carried out in the form of a qualitative survey based on semi-structured interviews with nurses, working in the traumatology department. The interviews included basic and supplementary questions which were asked later, in case of need during the interviews with interviewees. The survey was conducted in April, in a trauma center in the Czech Republic. After finishing the interviews, the results were examined into detail by coding and categorization. The most important answers of the respondents were shown in the diagrams, which were created according to the defined categories. For the second group, a quantitative research, conducted in the form of an anonymous survey, was chosen - a survey with 50 respondents. This technique was chosen as a support for the received qualitative data. The goal of this thesis was to find out the use of assessment scales for evaluation of a patient in traumatology and at the same time to map the nurses´ point of view of the issue of using assessment scales in traumatology. To achieve the goal, following questions were formulated. RQ1: What assessment scales are used in traumatology for evaluation of patients? RQ2: How can the assessment scales contribute to improving the patient care? RQ3: Are the assessment scales actively used for determining the patient care intervention? RQ4: What is the opinion of nurses on using the assessment scales in traumatology? RQ5: What assessment scales are comfortable and beneficial for nurses to use in traumatology? During the research was found out that using of assessment scales results into improving the patient care, it helps us to regularly evaluate patient´s condition and to assess the risks the patient is during his/her hospitalization, endangered with. Although the nurses see the scales as beneficial, the scales are just another administrative burden for nurses in the traumatology department. However, the results of these scales are actively used to determine suitable intervention.
|
|
|
Comparison of knowledge of nurses and practrical nurses about the prevention and treatment of decubitus
Krajč, Lukáš ; Kordulová, Pavla (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
For my bachelor thesis I chose the area of decubitus.Dekubitus is a serious complicationthat affects all age groups of patients and reduces their quality of life. Occurrence of decubitus is one of the basic indicators of quality of treatment and nursing care and is carefully monitored. Nevertheless, despite the quality and professional care of nursing staff, they arise, as there are factors that can not affect the occurrence of pressure decay. At the stage when there is alreadya decubitus,treatment is coming. Just as today it is no longer possible to treat the decubitus as a separate problem, so its treatment must be conceived in a comprehensiveway. There are a large amount of moneyspent on prevention and treatment of bed sores. The most effective money spent is on prevention that deliberately protects patients from harming their health. In the theoretical part I open the issue of decubitus. In particular, I focus on diagnostics, treatment and prevention.The basis for the work was based on the research created in the National Medical Library. Also included was the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP). In my work I use the ISO 690 citation standard. Methodology: I have chosen a quantitative form of research for the bachelor thesis. Quantitative data collection using a structured...
|
|
|
Nutritional prevention and the treatment of decubitus of seniors
DĚKANOVÁ, Klára
This bachelor thesis called Nutrition prevention and treatment of decubitus on seniors is about condition of client's diet in Máj České Budějovice Seniors' House and following nutrition intervention on critical clients. Decubitus is a disease, which greatly affects not only sick client or care staff, but also the economic aspect of the medical and social facilities. Because there was no knowledge about, how decubitus originate, the prevention nor treatment in the past, it was considered as very serious illness. Doctors were convinced, that decubitus origins spontaneously and it's a sign of inevitable death. Since the end of the 19th century, more attention has been paid to decubitus, and thus industrial production of phenol-impregnated bandages has been developed to improve the healing of decubitus, together with passive patient activation and surgical wound healing. There are currently many companies on the market that produce a wide range of products and tools to reduce the risk of decubitus or their effective treatment. For example, passive and active anti-decubital mattresses are used for keeping the wet environment in the wound and, last but not least, enteral and parenteral nutritional preparations to help wound healing. The goal of this thesis was to find out whether there are clients with a risk of developing decubitus in the Máj Česke Budejovice Seniors' House and then to process the nutritional intervention of these clients. The theoretical part of the work summarizes the previous knowledge in the field of prevention and treatment of decubitus. As first, the term "decubitus" has been characterized, and the distribution of the individual steps and assessment scales used for the risk assessment or the defects already occurred has been described. There are also mentioned factors influencing the occurrence of decubitus, prevention and nutrition prevention and treatment of decubitus. One chapter of the work was devoted to the NutritionDay project, which was used to collect data for the practical part of the research. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used to develop the practical part. In the first phase of the research, screening was carried out within the NutritionDay project in the Máj České Budějovice Seniors' Home. The screening revealed how many clients are at risk of malnutrition, how many of them are already malnutritive and how many of them are experiencing decubitus. In the second phase, the work has been done only with clients experiencing decubitus. For each of the clients with decubitus, an adequate daily intake of energy and essential nutrients was calculated. Nutritional support was then set and their diet evaluated in the Nutriservis Profesional program to determine whether it meets the recommended nutritional values. The results of this bachelor thesis can be used by other nutritional therapists for the purposes of teaching or further research.
|
|
|
Standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy
Špačková, Anežka ; Tichá, Monika (advisor) ; Jeníček, Jakub (referee)
Title: Standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy Abstract: This bachelor's thesis is aimed at giving an overview of the most commonly used standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy and their comparison. It deals mainly with the best known methods of examinations that are used in practice. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, muscle tone and its regulation and spasticity as one of the upper motor neurone syndrome symptoms are specified. Moreover, the methods of examination (Ashworth scale and its modifications, Tardieu scale and five-step clinical assessment of spastic paresis according to Gracies) are presented and described in detail there. The practical part contains two case reports of patients after a cerebrovascular accident. Examinations and evaluations of spasticity, including Modified Frenchay scale or walk tests, which are described in the theoretical part, are applied to patients. The main contribution of this thesis is to create a comprehensive comparison of standardized examinations of spasticity through studies and my personal experience. Key words: spasticity, upper motor neurone syndrome, examinations and evaluations of spasticity, rating scales, Modified Frenchay scale, walk tests, five-step clinical...
|
|
|
Impact of Number of Scale Points on Attitude Measurement
Bláhová, Vendula ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Soukup, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the rating scales, which are widely used in the attitude measurement, namely with the impact of their length (number of scale points) on measurement, both in terms of cognitive processes in the minds of respondents and impact on the data. Hypotheses, formulated on the basis of the literature and tested using data obtained from a split ballot experiment and cognitive interviews, are related to the comparability of results, distribution of responses and task demands. The Net Promoter Score from the environment of market research, expressing respondent's willingness to recommend a service or company used, is used as an application example. It originally uses 0 to 10 eleven-point scale which is here compared to five-point scale from 1 to 5 using various recoding and rescaling techniques. Analysis shows that rating on eleven-point and five-point scales means two different cognitive tasks for respondents (eleven-point scale is a bit more demanding but more accurate in respondents perception) and that the data differ from each other in terms of distribution of responses - on short range scale, midpoint and extreme positive category are selected more often, while on eleven-point scale, milder positive points are used more often.
|
|
|
Evaluation Scales as a Part of the Nursing Documentation
HANDREJCHOVÁ, Ivana
The bachelors thesis deals "Evaluation Scales as a Part of Nursing Documentation". The bachelors thesis consists of two parts. The theory part dealt with nursery documentation and evaluation scales. The objective of the thesis was to present portions of nursery documentation that are based on legislation and the use of nursing documentation in the course of the nursing process. It described the areas of assessment of patient's medical condition by a nurse allowing the use of more evaluating scales. In the practical part of the thesis three objectives were set. The first objective was to map out evaluation scales used by nurses in selected health care facilities. The second objective involved mapping out understanding of nurses of and in using evaluation scales. The third objective was to establish whether nurses can actively participate in selecting of evaluation scales in their wards. Three assumptions were then set up. The first assumption was as follows: "The use of evaluation scales varies according to the type of the health care facility". The second assumption read: "Nurses are informed on the possibilities of using evaluation scales". The third assumption read: "Nurses can participate in active selection of evaluation scales". A quantitative method of anonymous questionnaire was employed to establish the factual state. A single questionnaire type was used for all nurses. The questionnaire involved 33 questions and 12 subquestions that were closed and semi-closed for addition of a short answer. Opening questions of the questionnaire were of identification nature. Subsequent questions dealt with different evaluation areas, the use of evaluation scales and perception of evaluation scales by nurses. The file of questioned persons consisted of nurses serving in the České Budějovice a.s. and the Nemocnice Písek a.s. hospitals. In total 168 questionnaires were distributed. 84 of them to nurses of the České Budějovice a.s. hospital and 84 questionnaires to nurses of the Nemocnice Písek a.s. hospital. Clearly set diagrams were processed based on nurses' answers. Discussion results were compared with specialized literature. The final part of the thesis contains summary results and assumptions of the thesis author are confirmed or rebutted herein. The first assumption: "The use of evaluation scales varies according to the type of the health care facility" has been confirmed. The second assumption: "Nurses are informed on the possibilities of using evaluation scales" has been confirmed. The third assumption: "Nurses can participate in active selection of evaluation scales" has been confirmed.
|
guest ::
