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Image inpainting
Vodička, Radek ; Špiřík, Jan (referee) ; Rajmic, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of this paper is to describe the basic principles of inpainting methods. We take a closer look with method of continual correction for damaged area from its margins in poins and by means of level lines. Result of the work is to compare images where inpainting was applied, among images themseves as well as with original image,and evaluation which method is the best in the given situation and for the given type of images.
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Isolated word recognition
Vodička, Radek ; Křupka, Aleš (referee) ; Sysel, Petr (advisor)
Main purpose of the thesis is to study the processes and methods of isolated words recognition. In the theoretical part a basic principals are explained. The practical part is about the program creating using these principles in practice. For isolated words recognition Hidden Markov Models (HMM) are used, for obtaining decision symptoms cepstral analysis is chosen.
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Optimization of digital polymerase chain reaction for application in non-invasive prenatal diagnostics
Šenkyřík, Pavel ; Korabečná, Marie (advisor) ; Vodička, Radek (referee)
Digital PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a method that enables absolute quantification of DNA sequences and therefore finds application in many diagnostic disciplines. We focused on the diagnosis of trisomy 21, which manifests itself as Down syndrome. Information about the fetal genome can be obtained from free fetal DNA that is released into the mother's bloodstream from the placenta during pregnancy. In the first trimester, fetal DNA constitutes approximately 5-10% of free DNA and is therefore a suitable target for non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). However, we need a technique that is able to distinguish this relatively small fraction of free fetal DNA and differentiate it from free maternal DNA. Precisely digital PCR provides various ways to achieve this goal thanks to its wide multiplexing possibilities. We focused on optimizing the multiplex reaction, which in one fluorescence channel distinguishes the number of copies of the reference chromosome 18 and the observed chromosome 21. The resulting determination of this ratio provides us with information regarding the balance between the chromosomes and can thus confirm or refute the presence of a trisomic fetal fraction. We tested the usability of the proposed method for clinical application by examining DNA samples isolated from 25 plasma...
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Comparative analysis of selected coordinate indicators in front crawl swiming technique and crawling
Vodička, Radek ; Sýkora, Karel (advisor) ; Kračmar, Bronislav (referee)
AABBSSTTRRAACCTT Title: Comparative analysis of selected coordinate indicators in front crawl swimming technique and crawling. Purposes: The first aim of thesis is to compare coordinate indictors of average swimming cycle and average crawling cycle. Methods: Surface electromyography of muscular activity combined with cinematography analysis used synchronized video recording. Intraindividual comparative analysis and subsequent interindividual comparison of timing muscular activation in one average swimming and crawling cycle. Results: The timing of muscular activity of m. pectoralis major and m. latissimus dorsi during swimming cycle was identical for all probands. This phenomenon was not found in crawling . Key words: Swimming technique, Front Crawl, crawling, EMG, muscle, locomotion, shoulder girdle
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Utilisation of molecular cytogenetic techniques in productive genetics
Paulasová, Petra ; Macek, Milan (advisor) ; Korabečná, Marie (referee) ; Vodička, Radek (referee)
Title.: Utilisation of molecular cytogenetic techniques in reproductive genetics Chromosomal abnormalities constitute one of the most important causes of birth defects, fertilization failure and/or human infertility. Approximately, 40-50% of human conceptuses are chromosomally abnormal, 6% of the abortions during the first trimester of gestation are directly linked to chromosomal abnormality, while at term 0.6% of livebirths present with such features. Most of these abnormalities originate from the gametogenesis and arise through disturbed meiotic processes. Each gamete is a final and original product of the meiosis carrying a unique chromosomal set. Therefore, cytogenetic examination of individual gametes represents an important scientific challenge for our undrstandidng of the formation, incidence and etiology of aforementioned chromosomal abnormalities. Nonetheless, it is very technically demanding to perform efficient chromosomal investigation on gametes, hence single cells. My Ph.D. thesis is focused on the development of new techniques for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in gametes and embryos. We developed a PNA-based technique as an alternative to conventional FISH and PRINS-based methods for fast, efficient and robust in situ detection of chromosomal abnormalities in human...
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Genetically determined progression factors of selected chronic nephropathies
Obeidová, Lena ; Reiterová, Jana (advisor) ; Skálová, Sylva (referee) ; Vodička, Radek (referee)
Polycystic kidney disease is a severe genetic disease occurring in both adult and pediatric patients. The basic characteristic of this disease is the development and progressive enlargement of renal cysts gradually replacing functional kidney tissue. This leads to renal failure in many patients. However, renal cysts may also occur in a number of other diseases, including multisystem syndromes. This complicates differential diagnosis in some patients. In our study, we first focused on the diagnosis and characterization of genotypic-phenotypic relationships in patients with polycystic disease arising in childhood, later we extended our study to adult patients and patients with unclear clinical diagnosis. At the same time, we expanded the portfolio of analyzed disorders to a number of diseases in which the phenotype of polycystic kidneys may occur, and noncystic diseases as well. During our project, massive parallel sequencing was used to analyze 149 patients - 128 with cystic and 21 with noncystic clinically diagnosed nephropathies. At the same time, the findings were verified by Sanger sequencing in 176 relatives of our probands. Mutation detection reached 59% in cystic patients, and 43% in non-cystic patients, respectively. In many patients, molecular genetic analysis revealed a different etiology...
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The function of telomeres and cell-free DNA in the healthy volunteers and patients with chosen pathological condition
Zinková, Alžběta ; Korabečná, Marie (advisor) ; Vodička, Radek (referee) ; Drábek, Jiří (referee)
More than 70 years have passed since the discovery of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), but the greatest interest in this topic and knowledge has undoubtedly occurred in the last thirty years. It is used mainly in oncology and prenatal diagnostics. While it is routinely used diagnostically in these fields, little is known about its physiological functions in the organism. Our research therefore focuses on understanding this role and in experiments works mainly with samples obtained from healthy individuals. The first study focused on the differences between plasma and serum in healthy individuals. We asked the question whether they differ in cfDNA concentration and telomeric sequences abundance. We found that the serum contains significantly more cfDNA than plasma, on the other hand, plasma is relatively richer in telomeric sequences. In stimulation experiments with THP1 cells, samples cultured with DNase-treated serum (without cfDNA) showed a higher expression of mRNA TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor α) than samples untreated. The same trend was observed when plasma samples were stimulated. A study involving plasma samples from ten patients with celiac disease and ten healthy controls showed significant differences in mRNA TNF-α expression between experiments in which THP1 cells were stimulated by DNase-treated...
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Genetically determined progression factors of selected chronic nephropathies
Obeidová, Lena ; Reiterová, Jana (advisor) ; Skálová, Sylva (referee) ; Vodička, Radek (referee)
Polycystic kidney disease is a severe genetic disease occurring in both adult and pediatric patients. The basic characteristic of this disease is the development and progressive enlargement of renal cysts gradually replacing functional kidney tissue. This leads to renal failure in many patients. However, renal cysts may also occur in a number of other diseases, including multisystem syndromes. This complicates differential diagnosis in some patients. In our study, we first focused on the diagnosis and characterization of genotypic-phenotypic relationships in patients with polycystic disease arising in childhood, later we extended our study to adult patients and patients with unclear clinical diagnosis. At the same time, we expanded the portfolio of analyzed disorders to a number of diseases in which the phenotype of polycystic kidneys may occur, and noncystic diseases as well. During our project, massive parallel sequencing was used to analyze 149 patients - 128 with cystic and 21 with noncystic clinically diagnosed nephropathies. At the same time, the findings were verified by Sanger sequencing in 176 relatives of our probands. Mutation detection reached 59% in cystic patients, and 43% in non-cystic patients, respectively. In many patients, molecular genetic analysis revealed a different etiology...
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Analysis of cell-free nucleic acids and its potential clinical application.
Pazourková, Eva ; Korabečná, Marie (advisor) ; Drábek, Jiří (referee) ; Vodička, Radek (referee)
This work presents the results ofour research of cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA). The first part shows changes in methylation patterns of immune response genes promoters that are detectable in plasma during the hemodialysis sessions and also differences in methylation between patients and healthy subjects. Alterations include genes that play their role in the regulation of hematopoiesis and these changes are in close relation with the need of anemia therapy. In the other plasma cfNA study we detected miRNA signatures in patients with acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis (6 highly abundant miRNAs found) and in remission achieved after standard chemotherapy (trend to n01malization, lower levels ofthese miRNAs). Another part of work presents data from the study of potential non-invasive biomarker of bladder cancer. The amounts of cfDNA in urine are higher in patients than in healthy subjects and there were found 5 down-regulated miRNAs. Simultaneously it was established set of 30 miRNAs that are constantly present in urine supematants independently on sex, age and healthy status of subjects. The last part presents analysis ofcell-free fetal DNA. We analyzed differences between a new quantification method - droplet digital PCR and real-time PCR which is used routinely nowadays. Slightly more precise was...
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Utilisation of molecular cytogenetic techniques in productive genetics
Paulasová, Petra ; Macek, Milan (advisor) ; Korabečná, Marie (referee) ; Vodička, Radek (referee)
Title.: Utilisation of molecular cytogenetic techniques in reproductive genetics Chromosomal abnormalities constitute one of the most important causes of birth defects, fertilization failure and/or human infertility. Approximately, 40-50% of human conceptuses are chromosomally abnormal, 6% of the abortions during the first trimester of gestation are directly linked to chromosomal abnormality, while at term 0.6% of livebirths present with such features. Most of these abnormalities originate from the gametogenesis and arise through disturbed meiotic processes. Each gamete is a final and original product of the meiosis carrying a unique chromosomal set. Therefore, cytogenetic examination of individual gametes represents an important scientific challenge for our undrstandidng of the formation, incidence and etiology of aforementioned chromosomal abnormalities. Nonetheless, it is very technically demanding to perform efficient chromosomal investigation on gametes, hence single cells. My Ph.D. thesis is focused on the development of new techniques for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in gametes and embryos. We developed a PNA-based technique as an alternative to conventional FISH and PRINS-based methods for fast, efficient and robust in situ detection of chromosomal abnormalities in human...
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