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Sehe mit fühlendem Aug', fühle mit sehender Hand. Hmat v dějinách umění 1890-1960
Zachariáš, Jan ; Konečný, Lubomír (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee) ; Fedrová, Stanislava (referee)
The aim of the presented work is to show what role the touch and associated tactile perception played in the history of art between 1890-1960. It's main argument is that without the sense of touch, art history would not be able to build its conceptual apparatus. Constantly coming to terms with tactile experience as opposed to sight has provided art historians with a number of methodological tools for classifying works of art, many of which have become the backbone of formal analysis. The theses systematically covers German and selectively English art-historical discourse, thematizing touch, and traces how the selected authors worked with it. Already Johann Gottfried Herder laid the foundations of the aesthetics and noetics of touch, which were followed on an ideological level by the arthistory. Herder argued that touch gives us knowledge of space, while sight can only perceive colors. Touch is therefore much more reliable sense than sight. Herder connected different kinds of art with specific senses - music with hearing, sight with painting, and touch with sculpture. If the sense of touch is more reliable and truer than the sight, the art associated with it is also an art with a higher aesthetic and noetic value. Art historians around 1900 shared Herder's belief that touch is the creator of space....
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The Truth of Belief in Plato's Theaetetus
Benda, Vojtěch ; Roreitner, Robert (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
(in English) This work explores the critique of Protagoras' teachings presented by Plato in the first third of the dialogue Theaetetus. Plato approaches this criticism through Theaetetus' initial definition of knowledge, namely that knowledge is perception, which Plato considers equivalent to Protagoras' statement that 'man is the measure of all things.' In this work, I focus on whether Plato's critique of Protagoras, as he is depicted here, is legitimate. I intend to highlight its less convincing arguments and attempt to provide a possible response to the stronger ones. Specifically, I want to concentrate on the argument where Protagoras is compelled to agree that his theory is invalid because, according to his own theory, it is not possible for his opponents to be mistaken, and also try to offer a potential response that Protagoras could present in this context.
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Walter Benjamin and his theological-philosophical conception of time
Bitto, Maxim ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
Bachelor's thesis Walter Benjamin and his theological-philosophical conception of time Maxim Bitto Abstract In my work, I will deal with Walter Benjamin's non-linear concept of time and I will compare this concept with the concepts of time of Karl Marx, St. Augustine and with the Jewish conception of paradigmatic time. My work is based for the most part on two texts by Walter Benjamin: On the Concept of history and N. At first, I will present two linear conceptions of time. The first will be Marx's linear perception of history, which ends with a secular goal, classless society. The second will be St. Augustine's conception of time, which perceives the culmination of history theologically, throught the second coming of Jesus Christ. Next, I will focus on the Jewish non-linear conception of time, called paradigmatic time. Paradigmatic time represents atemporal system in which past, present and future interwine in time, that resembles eternity. The central part of my thesis will be dedicated to Walter Benjamin and his conception of non- chronological structure of his thoughts about history and time. Then I will focus on the role of the individual in his concept of time. Next, I will present the epistemological and theological implications that Benjamin's non-linear conception of time entails. And at the very...
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The value of human existence
Kousalová, Kateřina ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
Many authors of ethical texts take human existence automatically as a "benefit" (e.g. Aristotle in the history of philosophy). They see its value as positive, regardless of the quality of the person's life. In the vast majority of cases, they do not support this assumption in any way. It is a question whether this is a trivial claim that does not need to be supported by argumentation. Some contemporary authors show that this claim is not trivial, or even claim that there is no positive value of human existence as such (Benatar). In my work, I want to explore this issue more deeply and deal with what consequences it can have for ethical theories if we accept that human existence does not automatically have to be a positive value. In particular, I want to focus on David Benatar and Derek Parfit. Derek Parfit does not mention Benatar by name anywhere in his texts, however there are passages that could be considered criticism of Benatar. In the first phase of the work, I will explain David Benatar's argumentation and his concept of antinatalism. In the second part, I will present Parfit's defense of the inherent goods of human existence itself. At the end of the work, I will present a possible dialogue between Parfit and Benatar. Key words Existence, antinatalism, Benatar, Parfit, value, benefit, harm,...
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Destabilization of Man in Czech Surrealism
Hakenová, Martina ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
This work focuses on the destabilization of human being in the context of Czech surrealism. It is based on the artistic realisations of Jindřich Štýrský and Toyen from the surrealist phase of their work. The specific works are used to show how the authors used disturbing imagery to reflect the anxiety typical of the interwar period. The main motif is the symbol of the human body and its fragments, which are often the subject of violence in the paintings, and which thus become a space for the manifestation of a new perception of reality beyond primary experience. The aim of the work is to show how the individual seeks to find an anchorage outside the traditional framework of harmonious, humanistically understood development, and therefore strives for a new conception of values and morality outside the positivistically attuned world, thus challenging established norms. We will see that the Surrealists took as the starting point for this reconstruction of morality the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche. Attention is also paid to dream visions that draw attention to the ambiguity of the world and are thus ordered to the level of waking experience, becoming part of a conception of a 'new objectivity' that denies the established guiding role of so-called objective reality. The work thus shows how artworks...
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The concept of leadership in Aristotle's Politics and Plato's Republic
Adamcová, Barbora ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
In this bachelor thesis titled "The Meaning of Leadership in Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics ", I offer a comparison of the respective passages in the Republic and the Politics that are central to understand the role of a leader. I have focused not only on understanding a leader's personality, motivations, and their role in the polis, but I have also considered the polis and its citizens. Despite the relative complexity and breath of both works, the question of leadership is not explicitly addressed in either. Therefore, I have systematically analysed related terms and topics that touch upon the subject of leadership in order to distil the insights relevant for the subject of my inquiry. Correspondingly, the structure of the thesis logically proceeds from the general and rather uncontested, to the particular and complex. I have relied on a wide range of acclaimed interpreters of both Plato and Aristotle to shed further light on the challenging passages. The result of this effort is a structured comparison of Plato's and Aristotle's respective views on leadership as recorded in two of their key texts.
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Unqualified Change in Aristotle's Natural Philosophy
Roreitner, Robert ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
We start with the question, whether and in how far the distinction between "unqualified" and "qualified" predication of change (i.e. predication of "coming to be" and of "becoming") provides a sound clue for understanding of reality. Firstly, we focus on methodological assumptions of Aristotle's natural philosophy and science, namely on their relation to everyday language. In the next step we ask, whether and how the general conclusions about the character of any change made in Physics are valid also for any change (i.e. for "qualified" and "unqualified" change) separately. Last two chapters, then, are concerned with some consequences of Aristotle's endeavor to make justice to everyday distinction of "unqualified" and "qualified" changes for his conception of nature, namely with the character of matter and the circularity of change.
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Plato`s conception of freedom and free action
Sulík, Pavel ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
The topic of the essay is Plato's conception of freedom and free action in the choosen passages of dialogues Phaedrus, Gorgias, Phaedo and The Republic. The first part of the first chapter will focus on Plato's analysis of only illusory freedom of tyrannical man in The Republic. Work will continue with interpreation of dialog Gorgias where Plato shows illusoly freedom of rhetor and necessary conditions for free action, which is especially self-control. The third part of the first chapter is dedicated to the dialog Phaedo and to question in which sense is possible to understand free action as freedom from body and its perspective. The last part of the first chapter is dealing with some passages of the dialog Phaedrus and shows that freedom, according to Plato, needs freedom from blindness of individual perspective given by fixation at parcicular body and that at the same time this freedom opens the way not only to unity of all parts of the individual soul and to mutual friendship of souls, but also to proper care about that which is physical. By the help of mentioned analyses we try in the second chapter to put these analyses together in order to achieve a harmony among them and to catch important topics which could be within freedom revealed. Another aim is to find unite conception of freedom and...
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Walter Benjamin's philosophy of language
Ritter, Martin ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee) ; Stromšík, Jiří (referee)
The work analyzes Walter Benjamin's philosophy oflanguage presenting it as an ontological and cognitive basis ofhis early thought (1916-1925). The investigation starts from a detailed study of an unpublished reflection On language as Such and on the Language of Man. The analysis of the text contrasts its metaphysical interpretation with its deconstructive reading opting for a hermeneutical approach. Benjamin's philosophy of language is presented as a theory in which all being is conceived as language. Benjamin not only constructs a metaphysical conception according to which all human beings express themselves to God by naming existing things, but simultaneously defines constitutive property of (all) language, namely its "immediacy", i.e. the fact that language is primarily not a medium of communication. However, the text On language describes also a (biblical) fall which causes a loss of immediacy and a rise of the multiplicity of languages. The area of (fallen) plurality of languages is investigated in the The Tas k of the Translator, which focuses on the relation and kinship of languages. This kinship is based on the fact that alllanguages want to say the same thing, namely the "pure language". The analysis of The Task of the Translator stresses the semantic and, in this sense, conceptual aspect of...
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