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Factors Influencing Dependence on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances in Youth
Brotánková, Tereza ; Chrz, Vladimír (advisor) ; Miovský, Michal (referee)
This thesis concerns the problems of the juvenile drug-addicts, who were ordered preliminary ruling or undertaking in-patient treatment by the Court. The object of the thesis involves realization of the configuration of the factors, which has led to drug abuse by six juvenile persons. Furthermore, it points out the possibilities and risks of intervention from the state authorities and institutions in case of occurance of behaviour disorder and negative phenomenons of the social development of a child. From the methodological point of view the matter concerns the qualitative approach whereby the methods of gaining of the data have involved interviews, work with the documents and observation. The data have been analyzed by means of descriptive approach, the method of creating of the tufts and the method of retrieval and distinguishing of the relationships. The interpretation has run in three phases. The first phase involved processing of the collected data in order to distinguish the basic categories and subcategories of the analysis, during the second phase the whole life-experience of the juvenile drugaddicts in the form of the case study has been performed, during the third phase the case studies are being discussed with the existing "Profiles" of the drugaddicts. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Historical development of addiction treatment and specialized services for women on the Czech territory
Šeblová, Anna ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Miovský, Michal (referee)
Background: At the beginning of the 20th century, first expert institutes for the treatment of addiction started to appear in what is now Czechia and Slovakia. Apart from treating male patients, demand in society for similar institutes devoted to women also increased, as a result of rising public awareness of addictive substance use - especially alcohol - even among women, including during pregnancy and motherhood. As women reached a new stature in society during the 20th century thanks to continuing emancipation, their relationship to addictive substances also changed - a shift especially apparent after World War 2. Aims: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to describe the process of establishment of specialized institutes focusing on women struggling with addiction, the shifting attitudes and approaches towards treating female addiction, and to map the history of addiction treatment with a special emphasis on the female gender from the beginning of the 20th century until the year 1989. Methods: This work utilised the method of collection of data from available sources, including monographies, scientific articles, and annual studies. Unfortunately, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Czech Republic caused libraries to be either closed or operating in a highly restricted mode for much of the years 2020...
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Possibilities of testing for addictive substances in diagnostic institutes of Czech republic
Hoffmanová, Jana ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Miovský, Michal (referee)
One of the main control mechanism used by employment, school facilities or addictology services is testing for addictive substances. This tool is very important for diagnostic institutes and other organizations providing care and basic needs for entrusted children and adolescents in institutional and protective education. Main purpose of mentioned institutions is to ensure health and safety of their wards, maintain supervision of their school attendance and supervision of their compliance with internal regulations of the school and the institution. Main goal of the study is to map the versions of the standard process across all diagnostic institutes in the Czech Republic, compare these versions with legislative and afterward create recommendations and proposals, which could lead to change or make the work of employees in institutional education more effective. Study was conducted in a form of qualitative research, which was carried out through a series of interviews. The interviews were based on semi-structured type. All of the respondents gave their consent for creating a recording of their interview. For the study recordings were transcribed and edited. Furthermore, an analysis of legislation and internal regulations of diagnostic institutes was performed. The main research questions focused on...
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Ability to assess the severity of personality psychopathology based on the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO) in master students of addictology
Riegel, Karel Dobroslav ; Kalina, Kamil (advisor) ; Miovský, Michal (referee)
Background: With the development of multidisciplinary addictology teams, the ability of an addictologist to reliably assess personality psychopathology can be considered an important prerequisite that significantly enters the process of treatment planning. Because the addictologist is often the first professional to come into contact with the client, verification of the accuracy of clinical judgment seems to be one of the key indicators of addictologist competence. Aims: Verification of the reliability and validity of the clinical assessment of personality psychopathology in master students of addictology based on the course on scoring the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO). Methods: 31 master students of addictology independently evaluated 7 protocols of the STIPO on the basis of recordings. The presented patients were unknown to the students. Data was collected as part of the STIPO scoring course. The resulting scores of students were compared with: 1. the expert scores of a clinical psychologist with many years of experience with the STIPO; 2. the scores of 4 other psychologists without previous experience with the STIPO who attended the course; 3. information on previous clinical experience and previous education of the students. The comparison of scores was performed by...
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Evaluation of the model and concept of rehabilitation in the context of an after-care (outpatient) program based on the Apolinář model of addiction treatment at the Department of Addictology
Adamíková, Žaneta ; Miovský, Michal (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Background: The definition and concept of the rehabilitation differs across disciplines. However, the goals of comprehensive rehabilitation, as defined in the literature, could not be fully achieved without multidisciplinary cooperation, through which it is possible to apply a wider range of interventions, which is an important indicator in addiction treatment. The cooperation between individual fields has the potential not only in better quality care towards the target group, but it is also important to consider the possibility of better financing of care, which could lead to greater satisfaction of both users and service providers. Objectives: This diploma thesis seeks the interrelationships between theory and concept of rehabilitation in addictology, respectively in the aftercare program based on the Apolinar model of addiction treatment, and rehabilitation in physiotherapy - in terms of both theoretical anchoring and implementation of rehabilitation in practice. The objective was to map and evaluate the content of rehabilitation applied in the outpatient form of the after-care program in the women's and men's ward of substance abuse treatment at the Department of Addictology, which is based on the Apolinar model of addiction treatment. Finally, the aim was to assess how a physiotherapist could...
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The effect of maternal smoking on the homeostasis of the fetoplacental unit
Adamcová, Karolína ; Pařízek, Antonín (advisor) ; Miovský, Michal (referee) ; Procházka, Martin (referee)
Maternal smoking causes serious health danger for a mother but especially for a baby. Cigarette smoking produces complex steroidogenesis changes during the whole life of a woman. To study the influence of smoking on fetoplacental unit focusing on steroid hormons it was important first to concentrate on changes of the chosen steroids around the delivery. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to observe some chosen steroid hormons in peripartal period (37th week of the pregnancy, first stage of labor of mothers and mixed umbilical blood of their neonates) and to look for relations to the age of mother, the increase of the weight during the pregnancy, the type of the delivery and the sex of the baby. It was interesting to compare steroids in the relation to the type of the delivery: vaginal delivery versus planned caesarean section. Non-smoking women who delivered a boy spontaneously had significantly higher level of 17-OH-pregnenolone, progesterone, cortisol, corticosterone and significantly lower level of estradiol in comparison with non-smoking women who delivered a boy by a planned Caesarean section. In the maternal blood in the 37th week of the pregnancy there were found differences between steroids in accordance to the sex of the fetus but they were not found in the neonates' case. The age...
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ADHD in users treated in therapeutic communities in terms of course of treatment, incidence of complications and specific needs within treatment, including diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation perspective
Rubášová, Eva ; Miovský, Michal (advisor) ; Riegel, Karel Dobroslav (referee) ; Aigelová, Eva (referee)
The onset and development of addiction in people with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) can be predicted by various factors. An essential factor linking the comorbidity of ADHD and the risk of developing substance abuse is increased vulnerability due to neuropsychological deficits and a wide range of biopsychosocial problems that occur from childhood to adulthood. The occurrence of dual diagnoses in substance users treated in residential treatment in therapeutic communities has a major impact on intrapsychic and interpersonal abilities, cognitive and executive functions, and on the ability to manage a treatment program primarily intended for clients without comorbid load. Current research on ADHD in substance users points to a high prevalence of ADHD associated with specific treatment complications and an increased drop-out rate. The aim of the monothematic dissertation, which is based on the results of pre-research and main research project (Study I. - IV.), Is an overview of key findings in terms of ADHD prevalence, ADHD diagnosis in therapeutic communities, treatment complications and gender specifics in treatment and overview. main findings on the development of motivation and specific needs of clients with ADHD. The output of the dissertation is a summary of outputs and...
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Establishment and termination of the anti-alcohol hospital Tuchlov in the context of the anti-alcohol movement of the First Republik
Blajko, Julia ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Miovský, Michal (referee)
Starting points: The anti-alcohol movement in our historical territory has taken several forms since the middle of the 19th century - from self-help associations, through organized abstinent movements to institutional anti-alcohol treatment. The first institutionalized specialized hospital for alcohol addicts was opened in 1911 in Velké Kunčice and ceased to exist in 1915. The First World War affected not only the demise of this hospital, but also the use of addictive substances. The abstinent movement developed its activities even after the war in the newly formed republic and tried to create conditions for the establishment of an anti-alcohol hospital. Aims: The aim of the work was to describe the factors that influenced and enabled the establishment, development and termination of a specialized institutionalized institutional hospital for alcohol addicts in Tuchlov. Methods: The method of qualitative analysis of fixed historical documents - written sources - was used for the research. These had to correspond to the set time period. The documents were grouped into related thematic relationships concerning the establishment, structure, development and subsequent termination of the hospital. Results and conclusion: The establishment of a specialized institutional hospital for alcohol addicts in...
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