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Irony speaks, or how to depict an elf wearing a hat that makes him invisible. Irony in the first chapter of the first part of Kierkegaard's work The Concept of Irony with Constant Reference to Socrates
Marková, Kateřina ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Humpál, Martin (referee)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the text called The conception made possible, which forms the first chapter of the first part of Soren Kierkegaard's dissertation The Concept of Irony with Constant Reference to Socrates. The diploma thesis has two parts. The first part is a contribution to the scholarly discussion on irony in Kierkegaard. It is an ironic interpretation of the text in question and it illustrates and describes the way in which Kierkegaard represents irony in this text. By means of an analysis of the discrepancy between the declared aim of The conception made possible and the actual realization of this aim, the first part of the diploma thesis comes to the conclusion that even though the representation of irony is not declared to be the aim of the text it actually is its real aim. It is just by means of this analysis that it becomes clear how Kierkegaard represents irony in the text. At the same time, the first part of the thesis shows that in The conception made possible Kierkegaard uses the indirect communication. The second part of the diploma thesis is a contribution to the field of literature: it consists of a Czech translation of The conception made possible which illustrates the explanations of the first part.
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To Close One's Eyes Forever: Husserl, Sartre, and Death
Kvapil, Ondřej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Blecha, Ivan (referee) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
In the present thesis, I examine the concept of death in Husserl, whose analyses of death have stayed aside of philosophical debates for decades, and in Sartre, whose analyses of death have slowly ended up on the periphery of these debates. Against the backdrop of the thematic chapters, I will focus on the ancient thesis of the unthinkability of death, put it in question and finally, articulate an even more ancient relationship between death and thought. In my first chapter, I do not seek to provide a historical analysis of the genesis of the concept of death in Husserl's phenomenology, nor a systematic study of the place death occupies in his transcendental idealism. On the basis of the often fragmentary manuscripts, I strive to reconstruct Husserl's notion of death in its plasticity, attempt to think it through to its consequence, and then formulate its implicit presuppositions. In the second chapter, I confront the mainstream reading of Sartre on death, according to which Sartre represents an Epicurean among the phenomenologists, and show that this reading turns, in fact, the meaning of his analyses upside down. Before doing so, however, I will revise the context in which Sartre has been read so far, freeing him from the schematic comparison with Heidegger and arguing that regarding death he is...
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The thinking of picture
Řebíková, Barbora ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Pavel (referee)
The text tries to study the classical theory of mimésis, that contains motives which has influenced our understanding of the reality (image) up to today. The attention is paid to the classical determination of mimésis in the Plato's and Aristotle's work. The work attempts to study besides the classical form of the theory also the transformation in modern philosophical environment. At first it studies the change in definition, the determination of minésis as a projection and representation. It points to the variable accent similarities in the studied theory. Then the work analyses the idea positions of Nelson Goodman, who wholly denies the role of similarity for determination of the art theory as a imitation and he builds the realism on totally different base. There are two models of vision described at the conclusion of the work that correspond with the proposed determination of menésis. The work is the base of the reality (image) mind, that could continue with studying of the contemporary art from the theory point of view.
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Temporality of perception in Edmund Husserl
Zídek, Radovan ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The topic of my thesis is temporality of perception in Edmund Husserl. Its aim is to explain accurately and clearly Husserl's conception of temporality of perception. In terms of Husserl's phenomenology by temporality of perception is meant temporal constitution of perception and the perceived. Interpretation is based on set of lectures Ding und Raum (1907) and Vorlesungen zur Phanomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins (1905). Fundamental thematic field can be marked out as follows: springing of the now in absolute flow of consciousness, its retention in time-consciuosness (temporal field as a continuum of past, present and future), within this continuum constituted immanent unities endowed with temporal duration, consciousness of identity constituted in spontaneity of consciousness as the fundamental basis for intentional relation toward an objectivity defined as identity in manifold of appearances. Within the interpretation of Husserl's conception of temporality of perception opens up a possibility of radicalization of motive of springing of the now of absolute flow of consciousness, that carries in itself time continuum, leading to the radical immanence of constitution in the springing of the now.
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Kant's Theory of Schematism
Bis, Ondřej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Chotaš, Jiří (referee)
The thesis focuses on a chapter from Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, "The Schematism of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding". Kant assumes two independent sources of knowledge, understanding and intuition. These sources need to be overcome, because of their heterogeneity. Schematism is closely related to "The Deduction of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding". That is why the analysis of schemata is preceded by the analysis of this chapter. It shows a more detailed description of a role of intuition with respect to understanding. Firstly, the validity of the categories regarding whatever form of intuition is proved. Secondly, the proof of the validity of the categories regarding specific forms of time and space follows. The chapter on schematism deals with the specific methods by means of which the categories relate to intuition. Kant introduces transcendental schemata bridging the heterogeneity of understanding and intuition. The relation between category and schema is understood as one of analogy. The categories are rules of discursive type of unity of any kind of intuition, whereas schemata are determined as rules of perceptive unity of intuition. Intuition is brought under unity of apperception by means of schemata of imagination. Inseparable part of the thesis is the schematism of...
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The movement of existence according to Jan Patočka
Bělohlávek, Karel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Chvatík, Ivan (referee)
The thesis deals with Patočka's account of existence as a movement. Patočka aims at concretization and extension of the account of existence from Heidegger's Sežn und Zežt particulary in respect to two characteristics, which seem to have been neglected by Heidegger: corporal and intersubjective dimensions of existence. The thesis first aims at main Heidegger's inducements, that form basis of Patočka's account, and deals with Patočka/s interpretation of Aristotle's philosophy of nature, in therms of which the sense is to be understood, in that Patočkas existence really is a movement. The thirth part of the work deals with Patočka's radicalisation of the Aristotelian concept of movement. On this basis the thesis reviews Patočka's account of three movements of existence in some of his texts. The last part attempts to clarify the relation between the three movements of existence and the polarity of authenticity and nonauthenticity.
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Hannah Arendt's concept of thought and action
Štech, Daniel ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
The present thesis follows the distinction made by Hannah Arendt between the life of the mind and vita activa. In her earlier writings, Arendt presents acting in concert as a supreme human possibility. The devaluation of active life in the Western tradition is seen as related to the subordination of the experience of action to the experience of thought, which presupposes a turning away from the world of phenomena and plurality. With respect to the ability to act, Arendt understands thought as marginal or even detrimental. On this note, she contrasts thought with opinion, a specifically political attitude bound to the experience of action and plurality. Following the process with Eichmann, however, this image saw a revision. With the collapse of the public sphere, the dependence of the ability to tell right from wrong on the activity of thought became more prominent. Subsequent considerations therefore shift to the sphere of the mind. In the light of the corpus of Arendt's works, the present thesis enquires into the nature of mental acts required for adequate action. The first part presents political thought within the situation of plurality. The second part takes into account the collapse of the public sphere and deals with the uneasy relationship between thought and the ability to relate to the common...
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On immaculate knowledge
Lomozová, Petra ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
This paper interprets the basic motives from the chapter "On Immaculate Knowledge" (or "On Immaculate Perception") of the second part of Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra. This interpretation is used for the explanation of Nietzsche's account of knowledge in its relation to will and for his critical reflexion of the same question in Schopenhauer. It concerns with Schopenhauer's and Nietzsche's conception of body, will and knowledge. It focuses on the question of pure knowledge, perspectivism, active and reactive valuation, the idea of the sublime and of the strong will in Nietzsche. Finally it it offers an interpretation of Nietzsche's conception of beauty as a creative will and of the process of transformation of the will into the creative will.
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Arendt's conception of action in The human condition
Skalník, Michal ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
In my work l have tried to solve one question: What kind of conception of action is offered to us by Hannah Arendt in her well known work The Human Condition? At first l have tried to find way how to read the text, therefore l made an analysis of what condition, vita activa and other essential concepts mean. The care of my work consist in uncovering the picture of action how is showed and hidden in chapter dedicated to it. l try to uncover the meaning of action adding concept by concept to it and relating to each other. After all l take a brief look at other essay where Arendt copes with action and compare her new solutions with ones found in The Human Condtion.
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The ontological phenomenon of game in the work of Ladislav Klima
Schmoranz, Michal ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
In this work I have focused my thesis on the phenomenon of a game, as it seems to appear and as it finally appears in the philosophical method of Ladislav Klima. First I had to solve major troubles connected with the very specific philosophical method itself. Ladislav Klima does not bother about using his terms in any special and invariable ways. Due to that the first part of my work [Egosolismus - nástin základních pojmů I An egosolism - a sketch of the basic terms and Problém poznání I The problem of understanding] is devoted to an explanation of these terms, so that they could be used in other parts of the work - devoted to the phenomenon of time and space. In the second part I tried to find solutions to the most important stolidities, persistantly disclosed in Klima'"s philosophy. The solution of the principle of clo sed unit of Klima~ s philosophy I ha ve found in the concept of "game". After explaining the principles, on which a game can be based in Huizinga~s and Gadamer'"s philosophy, I have shown other aspects of it in Klimas work. These aspects are becoming a game and losing a position of an individua! in the world.
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