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School maturity and the beginning of school attendance from the perspective of parents of primary school pupils in Kladno
Hermanová, Zuzana ; Prokop, Jiří (advisor) ; Mojžíšová, Jarmila (referee)
The thesis deals with school maturity, stage of psychological evolution in the preschool and the early school age. The solution will view parents of future pupils from three primary schools Kladno on school readiness and the onset of schooling and in this sense, the results of the survey are compared. The theoretical part will solve the view of a child under school age from various angles, his cognitive development, socialization and the other. Furthermore, I will deal with school maturity and readiness, cognitive, somatic and emotional level of development of the child at the onset of schooling. Three elementary schools, where research was conducted, will be presented in detail .The practical part analyzes the survey, carried out on the day of enrollment in the first grade of Primary School in Kladno, C. Bouda 1188 of 2011, which I repeated three years later and expanded research on Elementary School Kladno, Vašatova and Primary School Kladno, Vodárenská. By gaining survey results from three of parents interested in education of future first-graders is created.
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The Role of Aquaporin 4 channels and Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 channels in astrocytic swelling
Heřmanová, Zuzana ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (referee)
Astrocytes posses a wide range of functions within the brain. In response to ischemic conditions they swell due to increased uptake of osmolytes and they are mainly responsible for cytotoxic edema formation. However, they are also able to regulate their volume by releasing osmolytes together with water via the process of regulatory volume decrease (RVD). The Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) channel and Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel are suspected to be strongly involved in these processes of astrocytic volume regulation. The goal of the present diploma thesis was to clarify the role of both channels in astrocytic swelling in situ. For our experiments we used a subpopulation of green fluorescent protein-labelled astrocytes from AQP4-deficient (AQP4-/- ), TRPV4-deficient (TRPV4-/- ) and control (Ctrl) mice. Cell volume alterations were induced in acute brain slices by hypoosmotic stress or by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Data were quantified using fluorescence intensity-based approach in the whole cells and in astrocytic endfeet. Our results indicate, that there is no difference in astrocytic swelling or cell volume recovery between astrocytes from AQP4-/- , TRPV4-/- and control mice when exposed to hypoosmotic stress. On the contrary, volume changes induced by OGD varied...
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The role of astrocytes in the formation of brain edema
Heřmanová, Zuzana ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Pačesová, Dominika (referee)
Brain edema is a cause of mortality accompanying number of pathologies such as ischemia, traumatic brain injury, tumors or liver and kidney failure. It is described as a process of osmotic and water flux alterations, which lead to cell volume changes and to an increase in intracranial pressure. Brain edema is usually classified into two types: vasogenic and cytotoxic. Development of vasogenic edema is connected to the blood brain barrier disruption. Water accumulates in the extracellular space and exerts pressure on the cellular compartments of the tissue. The cytotoxic type of edema is characterized by water accumulation within the cells. The process of cellular volume enlargement is termed cellular swelling. Cytotoxic swelling is usually connected to glial cells, namely astrocytes, as these cells represent a part of the blood brain barrier and thus they influence homeostasis inside the brain. Water flows across cytoplasmic membrane through a system of specialized channels - aquaporins. For the brain edema formation, aquaporin 4 is the most important. It is localized on astrocytic membranes and using aquaporin-null mice, it has been shown, that it participates in water clearance in physiological and pathological conditions. Since the water fluxes are passive, the driving force for edema formation...
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Systematics and palaeoecology of the Late Cretaceous plants in the Klikov Formation, southern Bohemia
Heřmanová, Zuzana
9 | Abstract The present thesis focuses on plant fossils from the Klikov Formation (late Turonian - Santonian).This formation forms the basal part and the most widespread unit of the South Bohemian Basins, containing numerous leaf impressions, fossil plant reproductive struc- tures and diverse pollen spectra. In 2007, extremely well preserved assemblages of fruits, seeds and flowers were found in the Zliv - Řídká Blana locality, preliminarily reported in this work. Plants of the Normapolles complex predominate in the pollen assemblages, as well as in the fossil reproductive structures.This work suggests that Budvaricarpus and Caryanthus, members of the Normapolles complex, are closely related to extant Rhoipte- lea, which is a sister group of the recent Juglandaceae. Fossil insect eggs also occur in the Klikov Formation. Due to their similar shape and size, they are easily confused with small fruits and seeds. Two species of fossil insect eggs, Palaeoaldrovanda splendens and Knoblochia cretacea, were originally misinterpreted as angiosperms seeds.They are revised here - both species are interpreted in this work as fossil insect eggs. Based on characters like perforated walls, and basal and apical projections, they appear most similar to eggs of recent Lepidoptera and Phasmatodea. Palaeoecological evaluation...
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The Role of Aquaporin 4 channels and Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 channels in astrocytic swelling
Heřmanová, Zuzana ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (referee)
Astrocytes posses a wide range of functions within the brain. In response to ischemic conditions they swell due to increased uptake of osmolytes and they are mainly responsible for cytotoxic edema formation. However, they are also able to regulate their volume by releasing osmolytes together with water via the process of regulatory volume decrease (RVD). The Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) channel and Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel are suspected to be strongly involved in these processes of astrocytic volume regulation. The goal of the present diploma thesis was to clarify the role of both channels in astrocytic swelling in situ. For our experiments we used a subpopulation of green fluorescent protein-labelled astrocytes from AQP4-deficient (AQP4-/- ), TRPV4-deficient (TRPV4-/- ) and control (Ctrl) mice. Cell volume alterations were induced in acute brain slices by hypoosmotic stress or by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Data were quantified using fluorescence intensity-based approach in the whole cells and in astrocytic endfeet. Our results indicate, that there is no difference in astrocytic swelling or cell volume recovery between astrocytes from AQP4-/- , TRPV4-/- and control mice when exposed to hypoosmotic stress. On the contrary, volume changes induced by OGD varied...
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The role of astrocytes in the formation of brain edema
Heřmanová, Zuzana ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Pačesová, Dominika (referee)
Brain edema is a cause of mortality accompanying number of pathologies such as ischemia, traumatic brain injury, tumors or liver and kidney failure. It is described as a process of osmotic and water flux alterations, which lead to cell volume changes and to an increase in intracranial pressure. Brain edema is usually classified into two types: vasogenic and cytotoxic. Development of vasogenic edema is connected to the blood brain barrier disruption. Water accumulates in the extracellular space and exerts pressure on the cellular compartments of the tissue. The cytotoxic type of edema is characterized by water accumulation within the cells. The process of cellular volume enlargement is termed cellular swelling. Cytotoxic swelling is usually connected to glial cells, namely astrocytes, as these cells represent a part of the blood brain barrier and thus they influence homeostasis inside the brain. Water flows across cytoplasmic membrane through a system of specialized channels - aquaporins. For the brain edema formation, aquaporin 4 is the most important. It is localized on astrocytic membranes and using aquaporin-null mice, it has been shown, that it participates in water clearance in physiological and pathological conditions. Since the water fluxes are passive, the driving force for edema formation...
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School maturity and the beginning of school attendance from the perspective of parents of primary school pupils in Kladno
Hermanová, Zuzana ; Prokop, Jiří (advisor) ; Mojžíšová, Jarmila (referee)
The thesis deals with school maturity, stage of psychological evolution in the preschool and the early school age. The solution will view parents of future pupils from three primary schools Kladno on school readiness and the onset of schooling and in this sense, the results of the survey are compared. The theoretical part will solve the view of a child under school age from various angles, his cognitive development, socialization and the other. Furthermore, I will deal with school maturity and readiness, cognitive, somatic and emotional level of development of the child at the onset of schooling. Three elementary schools, where research was conducted, will be presented in detail .The practical part analyzes the survey, carried out on the day of enrollment in the first grade of Primary School in Kladno, C. Bouda 1188 of 2011, which I repeated three years later and expanded research on Elementary School Kladno, Vašatova and Primary School Kladno, Vodárenská. By gaining survey results from three of parents interested in education of future first-graders is created.
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Systematics and palaeoecology of the Late Cretaceous plants in the Klikov Formation, southern Bohemia
Heřmanová, Zuzana ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (referee) ; Halamski, Adam (referee)
9 | Abstract The present thesis focuses on plant fossils from the Klikov Formation (late Turonian - Santonian).This formation forms the basal part and the most widespread unit of the South Bohemian Basins, containing numerous leaf impressions, fossil plant reproductive struc- tures and diverse pollen spectra. In 2007, extremely well preserved assemblages of fruits, seeds and flowers were found in the Zliv - Řídká Blana locality, preliminarily reported in this work. Plants of the Normapolles complex predominate in the pollen assemblages, as well as in the fossil reproductive structures.This work suggests that Budvaricarpus and Caryanthus, members of the Normapolles complex, are closely related to extant Rhoipte- lea, which is a sister group of the recent Juglandaceae. Fossil insect eggs also occur in the Klikov Formation. Due to their similar shape and size, they are easily confused with small fruits and seeds. Two species of fossil insect eggs, Palaeoaldrovanda splendens and Knoblochia cretacea, were originally misinterpreted as angiosperms seeds.They are revised here - both species are interpreted in this work as fossil insect eggs. Based on characters like perforated walls, and basal and apical projections, they appear most similar to eggs of recent Lepidoptera and Phasmatodea. Palaeoecological evaluation...
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