|
|
The influence on postoperative analgesia by preemptive analgesia
Fricová, Jitka ; Stříteský, Martin (advisor) ; Štípek, Stanislav (referee) ; Kršiak, Miloslav (referee)
The aim of our study was to assess the changes of free radicals and other biochemical parameters after nociceptive stimulation in different experimental animal models. In patiens we detected whether preemptive analgesia had a positive effect on acute postoperative pain. Objective evaluation of pain intensity is a long-term problem because the objectification of using electrophysiological and imaging methods is currently difficult and expensive, and therefore in laboratories in the Czech Republic and many other places are used the evaluation by means biochemical methods. We implemented large experimental studies using mechanical, inflammatory and visceral nociception and we found out in particular that nitroxid and hydroxyl free radicals and singlet oxygen increased significantly after nociceptive stimulation. This increase can be suppressed by antioxidants. At the same time, we showed that some parameters of metabolism lipids, carbohydrates and proteins have also been changed. In particular, we measured the free hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen by EPR method in the tail of living and anesthetized rats. This method is absolutely a priority and has never been used before. Earlier experimental results were partially clinically verified using different types of acute and chronic pain in humans...
|
|
|
Biochemistry of polyphenols effects in the treatment of vascular disease
Kondrashov, Alexey ; Štípek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pecháňová, Olga (referee) ; Matouš-Malbohan, Ivan (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis deals with the deep analysis of polyphenols effects toward vascular disorders. This work provides a number of experimental results of studying both the effects of natural bioactive compounds in red wines and potatoes, and their application to the experiments which includes experimental animal models with spontaneous hypertension. Methods and equipment used in experimental studies allowed us to make several new statements regarding the universal nature of the relationships between the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenolic content in examined foodstuffs. Besides this it is also recognized that food is a source of minerals which also contribute to the total antioxidant capacity and therefore may have influence the endogenous antioxidant enzyme system by providing the essential cofactors. Experimentally we have found that the concentrations of magnesium known for its therapeutic action in wine and red wine extract are comparable to the mineral waters recommended for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Moreover, synergistic interactions between selected minerals have been found. The key issue of bioavailability of polyphenols for supporting the idea of the beneficial effects of diet rich in fruits and vegetables toward vascular disease prevention...
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
The role of arachidonic acid metabolites via cytochrome P-450 in the pathogenesis of hypertension
Čertíková-Chábová, Věra ; Tesař, Vladimír (advisor) ; Wilhelm, Jiří (referee) ; Štípek, Stanislav (referee)
Background: 20-HETE and EETs, metabolites derived from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P-450 (CYP), are part of the effector mechanisms in the renin-angiotenzin-aldosterone system. They regulate vasoconstriction/ vasodilation and natriuresis and thus contribute to the regulation of blood pressure. Hypertensive rats transgenic for mouse Re-2 renin gene (TGR) are a good model for hypertension caused by a single gene and very suitable for the study of the role20-HETE and EETs in vivo. Hypothesis: Abnormal production and/or activity of 20-HETE and EETs contributes to the development and or/maintenance of high blood pressure in TGR. Materials and methods: Hypertensive TGR heterozygous males of various ages weres studied. Normotensive HanSD animals (the same genetic background without Ren-2 gene) were used as controls. Three complex studies were performed: Study 1: Chronic inhibition of CYP with non-selective inhibitors 1- aminobenzotriazol (ABT) and CoCl2 in young prehypertensive and adult hypertensive animals and respective controls. Study 2: Acute experiments with selective inhibitors N-metyl-sulfonyl- 12,12-dibromododec-11- enamide (DDMS) and N-metylsulfonyl-6-(2- propargyloxyfenyl)-hexamide MS-PPOH. Study 3: Chronic selective inhibition of 20-HETE production by DDMS and selective inhibition of EETs...
|
|
|
The role of NSD(P)H oxidase in signal transduction
Vejražka, Martin ; Štípek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pelouch, Václav (referee) ; Zima, Tomáš (referee)
Reactive oxygen species are usually assumed as dangerous, cytotoxic substances included in pathogenesis of variety of diseases due to their ability to damage biomolecules. However, ROS also play an indispensable role in many physiological processes. Low concentrations of ROS are involved in signal transduction as a part of pathways regulating protein phosphorylation, gene expression, NO availability or intracellular Ca2+. They are important for cell cycle control and apoptose. In the last years, the role of ROS in regulation of vascular tonus is intensively studied. NAD(P)H oxidases are supposed the major source of ROS. These are enzymes similar to phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a key enzyme of phagocyte respiratory burst in immune response. We have studied NAD(P)H oxidase of vascular wall in normotensive and hypertensive rat. Activity of superoxide production by NAD(P)H oxidase differ between cells from normotensive and hypertensive rat. Control of NAD(P)H oxidase activity is also changed in hypertensive animals, at least with respect to the effect of angiotensin II and uric acid. In our experimental work, we encountered unexpected properties of apocynin, a known inhibitor of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. We proved that apocynin can increase ROS production. The reason is that NAD(P)H oxidase is not inhibited directly...
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
