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The Humanities versus the Technical Education - The Analysis of the Media Discourse in Nationwide Czech Newspapers (Comparison of Discourse Produced in 1990/1 and 2015)
Bartůňková, Dana ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Řezníková, Sylva (referee)
Diploma thesis The Humanities versus the Technical Education - The Analysis of the Media Discourse in Nationwide Czech Newspapers (Comparison of Discourse Produced in 1990/1 and 2015) is trying to cover the most significant differences and similarities between two media discourses and also their change related to a social transformation caused by the political transformation. This thesis is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses on a transformation of a definition of terms in dictionaries and encyclopaedias. The theoretical part also deals with the Humanities and Technical Education discussion not only in Czech but also abroad. By applying a critical discourse analysis the empirical part analyses an education discourse in Nationwide Czech Newspapers in the two periods (in 1990/1 and in 2015). A goal of this thesis is cover these two discourses, social actors, main themes and arguments. The conclusion of the empirical part is made of a comparison of these discourses and of a demonstration of the differences and similarities. Key words: humanities, technical education, media discourse, critical discourse analysis
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Image of the enemy in the discourse of security forces
Jeřábková, Darina ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Cviklová, Lucie (referee)
The "internal enemy" was a formal term heavily represented in the language of the State Security (a secret service of the Czechoslovak Republic and Czechoslovak Socialist Republic), denoting a specified category of opponents to the then regime. The State Security's task was to protect the socialist and social system by fighting the external and internal enemies, with the security forces having been the authorities deciding who met the criteria. The thesis entitled "The Internal Enemy Image in the Discourse of Security Forces" aims to find out how the discourse of the State Security defined the term "internal enemy". The thesis is divided into the theoretical and empirical parts. The empirical part applies the qualitative analysis of the discourse to search for the characteristic of the term "internal enemy". All of the texts analysed in the thesis come from the Security Services Archive, administering relevant files of the era, and date back to the 1950s-1980s.
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Abortion laws in Czechoslovakia in 1950-1986
Černý, David ; Marková, Alena (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis analyses the legislation governing interruptions in Czechoslovakia in the time frame between 1950 and 1986 when this legislation went through many changes. The thesis studies consequences of these changes, their influence on the population in Czechoslovakia and even opinions of its inhabitants living in above mentioned time period. The thesis focuses also on so called "interruption commission"; institutions of former Czechoslovakia, which used to decide about the future of unwanted pregnancies. One part of this diploma thesis is also dedicated to the development and accessibility of contraceptives, which were directly influenced by the legislation.
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Health within the frame of social discourse
Kučírková, Rút ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
The main goal of my thesis is to characterize the conception of "Health in the framework of social discourse" by the means of data analysis and analysis of supporting documentation of explanatory reports of governmental bills regulating the fields of hygiene, preventive measures and health protection within Czech republic, focused mainly on the field of public healthcare system. Theoretical part attempts to picture the above stated matter in a social context of modern society, to point out the ideological connection of how well-being of an individual is perceived in a social system in terms of its function. The main subject of the analysis will be explanatory report regarding a historical First republic law No. 332/1920 Coll., explanatory notes from the communist era - Law. No. 4/1952 Coll. on hygienic and anti-epidemic care and law no. 20/1966 Coll., on public healthcare. The last analyzed era will be the era after year 1989, which will be represented by explanatory notes regarding law no. 258/2000 Coll., on protection of public health and law no. 372/2011 Coll., on healthcare services. The text analysis is based on Analysing discourse method combined with content quantitative method. Text of this thesis is divided to theoretical part, description of the methodology, historical overview of...
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Work motivation theory in socialist discourse of the '50s
Gruntová Kolingerová, Hana ; Štemberk, Jan (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
The thesis focuses on the construction of the work motivation theory in the socialist management discourse in the 1950s' Czechoslovakia. For that purpose, two texts representing two periods (1951 and 1957) were selected and subjected to critical discourse analysis. The analysis focused on characterising the place of production, the producers and the audience as well as on characterising the construed theory and the method of its construction. Furthermore, a change in the discourse was described; the fact that certain discourse schemes were applied prior to the onset of the communist power was pointed out; and certain differences in terms of construction of work motivation theories in the liberal West were illustrated. In connection with Foucault's concepts of subjectification and disciplination, it was shown that the socialist discourse can be understood as a method of construction of the specific subjectivity of the workforce, used in a strategy of distribution of human working potential of all citizens of the State that corresponded with the application of extensive economy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Phenomenon of Heroship in the Generation of Highschool Students
Podeszwa, Ondřej ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
This thesis: "The Phenomenon of Heroism in the Eyes of Secondary-school Students" explores the sample of twelve secondary-school students and their perceptions of the conception of a hero in its various forms. It is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part, the latter is created by the particular results of author's own research. By applying for this thesis adjusted Grounded Theory method it analysis interviews made with the particular students and tries to answer several questions such as whether this generation of secondary-school students has any heroes; how these students exactly perceive a conception of a hero; whether they had any heroes in their childhood; and suchlike. In the part dealing with case-interpretations these students evaluate specific figures by the social discourse marked as heroic - in particular Jan Palach; Václav Havel; and brothers Mašíns. The terms of theoretical bases come mainly from the conception of Philip Zimbardo and his heroism of everyday life; they also come from Mike Featherstone and his distinguishing between an everyday life and a heroic life; conceptions dealing with moral evolution of a human being are reflected too, for instance the theory of Lawrence Kohlberg and others.
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Gamers fighting depression - Strategies of video game players against feelings of depression
Ováry, Šimon ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis examines the motivation of players of video games for their playing, and the strategy of these players for overcoming feelings of depression, using the methods of grounded theory. The first part deals with the approach of sociology and selected studies towards the issue of video games and mental disorders, to which I then relate the findings of my own research at the final chapter. In the second part of this work I present what methodology has been used and how. In the final part I lead a discussion about the findings and outcomes of my research.
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Analysis of public discussion on the topic of the position of wemen in decision making processes
Švarcová, Markéta ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
The Abstract The thesis is focused on views on the role of women in decision-making processes. Public and private sector is characterised by a low level of representation of women in decision-making positions. In connection to the directives of the European Commission, which introduce mechanisms supporting an increase the number of representatives of underrepresented sex in supervisory boards, the debate unleashed on the subject of quotas. Opinions on the effectiveness of quota mechanisms in the Czech Republic are reflected in the media space. This paper aims to describe and analyze the opinions of public discussion on the mechanisms of quotas. Through a discourse analysis of media contributions it tries to determine what arguments planes occurring in the public debate on a subject introduction of quotas. Analyzed articles are dated to the period between May 2014 and May 2015. Individual argumentative discourse planes are systematically coded by discursive rules in recurrent categories. Categories are also thematically merged into discursive planes with respect to their intertextuality and intediscursivity. The results of the analysis are then subjected to a comparison to the development of discursive anchoring the topic of quotas in the European environment.
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Ethical context of sexuality
Koumar, Jan ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
This thesis deals with moral values of the individuals and their relation to their sexual behaviour. Its aim is not a study of the particular sexual acts, but rather of the moral ideas, which people associate with sexuality and of sources of those ideas. It determines no generally valid ethical principle, which could be followed in sexuality; its aim is to be a probe into the existing ideas of what is good or bad in sex and into the reasons for assessing any given sexual behaviour as good or bad. Furthermore it explores if and how the individuals perceive any change in the attitude of the society to sex and morality, and what is in the centre of their personal ethical concepts. The description of these ideas of good or bad, their sources and a perception of changes in the attitude of society to sexuality are based on the research conducted among citizens of the Czech Republic in 2016 with use of a qualitative strategy. The discovered moral concepts are presented as such they are not compared to any existing ethical system. The first and second chapter of this thesis present a theoretical explanation of morality, sexuality and a their mutual connection, the third chapter summarizes in brief the history of sexual morality explorations and describes the methodology of this above mentioned research,...
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House arrest as an instrument of penal policy
Králová, Lucie ; Cejp, Martin (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis, dealing with "House arrest as an instrument of penal policy", reflects problems of ineffective system, increasing the number of prison sentences imposed, exceeding prison capacities and consequential violation of fundamental human rights. In response to improperly configured system of penal policy, in 2010 a new Act no. 40/2009 Coll., The Penal Code was implemented, introducing new institute of house arrest to the Czech justice system. Philosophy of house arrest is in punishing the perpetrator, while maintaining positive relationships that would be otherwise disrupted by his imprisonment. Presented thesis evaluates the implementation of the punishment, reflects benefits, disadvantages and actual barriers in its successful implementation, using expert interviews.
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