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Trace and minor elements in coal and methods of their investigation
Páchová, Helena ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sýkorová, Ivana (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to provide an overview of the minor and trace elements in coal matter and to characterize their origin, distribution and effect on quality of coal in term of its industrial utilization, including potential environmental impacts. The thesis describes main methods currently used when investigating coal geochemistry and mineralogy. The thesis includes overview of the distribution of these elements in the major coal deposits of the Czech Republic.
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Lead isotopes and 210 lead in recent galenas of the Lower Silesia basin
Čurda, Michal ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Plášil, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the isotopic composition of lead and 210 lead in recent galena from burning heaps after coal mining in the Lower Silesian basin. The studied sites were heaps in Radvanice, Markoušovice and Rybníček, where samples of galena, coal and burnt rocks were available. For the determination of the isotopic composition was used mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP - MS). Mass 210 Pb activity in galena was measured in a gamma - spectrometer Silar and the effect of radioactivity on galena crystal lattice was determined by the modified Williamson - Hall graph which was made from taken X-ray diffraction data. The values of isotope ratios in galena ranged for 207 Pb/206 Pb = 0,8402 to 0,8435 and for 208 Pb/206 Pb = 2,0663 to 2,0836. The average values of the coal were measured for 207 Pb/206 Pb = 0,8312 and 208 Pb/206 Pb = 2,0421. On the basis of these isotope ratios was found out that during the burning of coal and subsequent galena crystallization from hot gases there is no isotopic fractionation. Mass 210 Pb activity in galena ranged from 135 ± 9 Bq/g to 714 ± 22 Bq/g. Radioactivity of galena causes the developement of micro-deformation in the crystal structure. This micro-deformation is demonstrated by increased micro-strain in the crystal lattice. The level of this...
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Fossil energy sources: prospects and environmental impacts
Klimov, Andrey ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Přibil, Rudolf (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to describe the system of fossil fuels as non-renewable energy sources, their overall supply in the World, predictions to the future, and namely their impact on the environment. The work is a literature review, with graphic and map examples. The work focused mainly on sources of petroleum, coal, and natural gas, their total supply, and the time before depletion. From environmental aspects, the work deals with the impact of these energy sources on ecosystems. Problems and risks of the survey, extraction, and transport of fuels are mentioned, and solutions for the future, with regard to environmental protection, discussed. Key words: Fossil fuels, petroleum, coal, natural gas, predictions, environmental impacts.
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Mobile belt conveyor
Tenora, Jiří ; Škopán, Miroslav (referee) ; Jonák, Martin (advisor)
The aim of this work is to design a mobile conveyor belt to brown and black coal. The thesis contains a theoretical part, which describes all the components of the conveyor belt further functional calculations according to ISO 5048, the calculation of the performance conveyor, conveyor overall dimensions, the design of the drive, the tensioning device, strength calculation of selected parts and undercarriage.
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World coal reserves and its production
Kadoumiová, Diana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the basic information about the world's reserve and the coal mining from the other half of twentieth century. This work is based on glossary topic of publications and the digital sources. This work also focuses on history of coal mining since the human discovered fire. It deals with the coal deposits in individual countries and describes its occurence, age and other important information. One chapter of this work focuses on development mining in the most important coal countries in the world a explains ,,peak coal". It briefly characterizes production, reserve, import and export of Czech republic. Part of this work also includes graphs and tables, that illustrate the studied issues. Key words coal, world reserve, mining, deposit
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Sulphur in coals
Portová, Nikol ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
Bachelor thesis discusses briefly the nature and chemical composition of coal, summarizes detailed knowledge about the forms and origin of sulfur in caustobiolith. It outlines the methods of determining the content of this element in coal caustobiolith series and mentions the legislation dealing with the sulfur content in fuels. Detail is devoted to an overview of the most important coal mining areas of the Czech Republic with an emphasis on coal basin, which are of significant environmental burdens than coal basin. All it will report on the sulfur content measured in each of their major uhlonosných horizons. The importace of monitoring sulphur in caustobiolits results from the environmental hazard both in areas of intensive mining, which is mostly applied more factors having an impact on landscaping, and in areas where there is use of fossil fuels for heating and energy. In doing so leads to the release of sulphur compounds and their redistribution in the environment and thus to increase the influence of sulphur on biological processes. Keywords Sulphur; Coal; Environment
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Variation of Pb-isotopic composition in coal basins
Čurda, Michal ; Strnad, Ladislav (advisor) ; Mihaljevič, Martin (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis is devided into three main parts. The first part has a character of a research and describes the presence of lead in coal, in deposits of ore, in peat bogs, or in lake and flood sediments. The second part briefly describes the analythic methods used to determine lead in natural material. The third - practical part is focused on measurement of samples taken from the sokolov brown coal basin. It describes the laboratory method of the preparation of the samples for the analysis of contents and isotope composition of lead using ICP - QMS.
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Development and Use of Electrochemical Detector for Analysis of Czech Coal Combustion Products
Sokol, Martin ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (referee)
This work examines an electrochemical determination of mixed nitric and sulphuric acid solution that is formed during calorimetric determination of gross calorific value of coal carried out under the ISO 1928:1995 standard. Knowing the amount of these acids is necessary for calculating net calorific value. The named standard only allows use of volumetric methods which are time-consuming. Conductivity and ion-selective measurements were used here which significantly shortened analysis time. Overall conductivity measurement was taken with a 4-electrode meter while nitric acid was measured with a nitrate ISE by known addition method. Sulphuric acid was then calculated according to actual temperature. This research has defined the calibration relations and temperature effect. Several simulated and real-world samples were analysed and the method was evaluated for a possible use in a future automated analyser.
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