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Aristotle's ethics from the position of Anglo-Saxon thought
Kubica, František ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The thesis deals with the ethical philosophy of ancient thinker Aristotle and with the development of this philosophy in later periods. The thesis is divided into four chapters, in which the author deals first with Aristotle's ethics, next describes how this ethics changed in Epicureanism, Stoicism and Christianity - in the works of Augustin Aurelius and Thomas Aquinas. In the third part the thesis focuses on decline of Aristotelian ethics and rise od I. Kant's ethics. Finally in the last chapter, the thesis deals with the revival of Aristotelian ethics in the works of A. MacIntyre. The thesis is written from the point of view of the Anglo-Saxon thought. That is reflected in its structure and the choose of literature.
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Ethics of virtues in the profession of paramedic
BRUS, Adam
This bachelor's thesis on the topic of "Ethics of Virtues in the Profession of Paramedic" contains two main parts: theoretical and practical. In this thesis, we focus on virtue ethics, which emphasizes the moral character of the acting individual, and deals with what the character of the person who performs an action should be. The theoretical part explains to the readers the individual concepts, through which they are subsequently able to gain insight into the given issue. This involves defining the so-called theoretical framework. Firstly, ethics as such is explained, what we can imagine under it, and what it deals with. This is followed by various types of ethical theories, through which the readers will get to virtue ethics itself. Then the concept of virtue itself is explained, which is crucial for the readers. Furthermore, there is a mention of Medical Ethics, Bioethics, and Helping Professions. Another topic discussed is the personality of the paramedic. The objectives of this bachelor's thesis were as follows. The first objective was to determine the importance of virtue ethics in the profession of the paramedic. The second objective was to describe which virtues are important in the profession of the paramedic. The final objective was to map the moral awareness of the paramedics in the context of virtue ethics. The practical part contains information that was obtained through semi-structured interviews with ten paramedics. The research was conducted based on a qualitative strategy. The obtained data was processed, analysed and subsequently divided into five categories for a better overview. This bachelor's thesis had three research questions. The first question aimed to determine the level of awareness of the paramedics regarding virtue ethics. From the research, it was found out that the majority of the paramedics were unable to explain the concept of virtue ethics. Their responses were either non-existent or incomplete. The second question examined which virtues the paramedics considered important for performing their profession. With the exception of ZZ 5, all participants were able to list and describe specific virtues that are important in their profession. The last question focused on identifying factors that influence the virtues of the paramedics. The paramedics responded to factors influencing their stated virtues negatively at first and subsequently positively. We didn't receive an answer to the question 'what kind of person should we be,' but we believe that we have successfully achieved the objectives we have set and that the readers can gain insight into the issue at hand and understand the essence and importance of virtues in the profession of a paramedic. The thesis helps to evaluate the significance of virtue ethics in the profession of a paramedic. The thesis will be used in the theoretical preparation of future paramedics in the subject of Ethics in Prehospital Emergency Care. This thesis may inspire all paramedics to think about the ethical dimension of their profession.
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The role of humor in helping professions
HAVLOVÁ, Dana
I define a range of helping workers (healthcare professional, social workers) in the first part and I add few characteristics those professionals should have to be able to work in this area. The next part is taking into consideration different ways of looking at humor, how humor can be expressed and used in different situations. Obviously, humor is integrated in positive psychology, together with happiness, love and hope. Although the importance of positive psychology can be questioned by some people, positiveness, gaiety and looking at life with a grain of salt (with no limitations) is a big plus in everyday life, but more importantly in challenging times too. At the end of my thesis, I highlight that humor and laughing is crucial to prevent burnout, create a positive working environment for professionals and is a great tool contributing to high quality of life for patients in palliative care.
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Selected ethical aspects of an employee of the body of social and legal protection of children
SCHINDLER, Jan
This thesis deals with categorized ethical dilemmas in the performance of the work of an employee of the body of social and legal protection of children. It presents the ethical dilemmas arising in the performance of the work of an employee of the body of social and legal protection of children, which in some way affect the conscience of the social worker. At the same time, it deals with how specifically ethical dilemmas affect a social worker personally, and what is their view of the whole ethically problematic case. Alongside with the previously mentioned, this work inquires into the impact of such dilemmas on children and their families. Subsequently, the thesis describes how the ethical dilemmas can be solved with the help of the ethics of virtues. The goals of this work are to introduce the whole body of social and legal protection of children, to introduce a problematic family that needs to be rehabilitated in order to restore its basic functions of healthy functioning. The last goal of this work is to present the manifestations and consequences of an abused, mistreated or neglected child and the possibility of solving such a problem. This thesis has four chapters. The first chapter deals with the body of social and legal protection of children. The second chapter describes its specific activities. The third chapter ethically focuses on the ethical dilemmas of the employees of the social and legal protection of children. The last chapter presents the ethics of virtues and how this ethical theory can comprehensively address the good lives of children and their families, who need help from the child welfare authority.
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The similarity between Socrates and Jesus of Nazarteh
Čížková, Blanka ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
This paper's focus was the similarity between Socrates and Jesus. We have compared various events and circumstances in their lives and in their teachings. Both men were responsible for the emergence of a thinking that was unparalleled until then. Their teaching is of an ethical kind. The task of every man is not only to know the virtues of goodness, justice, truth, etc. but to live by them.
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Interpretation of the Life of Moses according to Gregory of Nyssa and Its Inspiration by the Thought of Philo of Alexandria.
Dudziková, Markéta ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Dus, Jan (referee) ; Panczová, Helena (referee)
Interpretation of the Life of Moses according to Gregory of Nyssa and Its Inspiration by the Thought of Philo of Alexandria Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 BC - c. 40 CE) and his allegorical interpretation of the Bible (especially the Pentateuch) had a strong influence on early Christian writers including Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335 - c. 395 CE). It is obvious that Gregory was inspired by Philo judging from the fact that Gregory's treatise The Life of Moses (De vita Moysis) has the same name and a partly similar topic as one of Philo's writings. For Gregory, Moses is an ideal example of perfect virtue which consists in a continual progression toward the Good. The main topic of the thesis is Philo's influence on Gregory's interpretation of Moses. The work discusses the following issues in the thought of both authors: the treatise De vita Moysis, the person of Moses, exegetical principles, perfection that could be demonstrated on the life of a good person, the question of knowledge and unknowability of God and the mediation between God and men. Since Gregory's reception of Philo was influenced by Origen of Alexandria, Origen's biblical exegesis and exegetical theory are also briefly presented. In the centre of the thesis, there are those questions: In what way was Gregory's concept of perfect virtue inspired by the...
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Polis between Plato's and Aristotle's philosofy
Nikl, Lukáš ; Milko, Pavel (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
In my work I tried to expain the determinations and methods of the main filosophical thoughts of Plato and Aristotle. Both of them lived in hard times of ancient Greece, in different crisis of polis, and that had signifiantly influenced their thinking, their lives, their work. Although the times has changed, between their appearance and the methods of thinking also. Of course we can find a mythical core in both philosophies, but the diference between Platoʼs round embrace of universe with using the combination of methods of thinking of those times on the one side, and the Aristotleʼs scientific methods based in his specific methaphysics, is significant for the changes, which appeared. Both of them tries to reform the political, social, and onthological thinking. But each of them are trying to change different one. Plato the thinking in the centre of polis suffering under the crisis of elites, and Aristotle the polis during the Makedonian invasion. Of course we can not use their models of thinking in contempomparary philosophy as such, but we can find various contemporary themes in which the knowledge of their thinking would be useful.
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The Concept of Virtues in the Work of John Amos Comenius
Provazníková, Tereza ; Halama, Jindřich (advisor) ; Moree, Pieter (referee)
Ethicsisoneofthekeytopics in Comenius'sworks. However, itispaidlittleattention these days. Theaimofthediploma thesis "TheConceptofVirtues in theWorkofJohn Amos Comenius"is to establish a clearstructureofComenius'sethics and to systematicallydescribe his concept and understandingofeachvirtue. The thesis outlinesthegroundsforComenius'sethicalthinking and givesreasonsforitsnecessity. Theworkdescribesthegoalsthatmoralbehaviourofindividuals and society shouldlead to, and explainsthenecessaryprerequisitesformoralbehaviour, especiallyprudence. Itfocuses on the term "virtue" according to theconceptofComenius. Closeattentionispaid to detailedcharacteristicsofparticularvirtues to befound in chosen prime works. Sixteenvirtues in total are dividedintotwocategories - thecategory "ethics" is a set ofvirtuesthatanindividualmaintains to himselfwhilethecategory "symbiotics" covers a set ofvirtuesmaintained in relationshipswithotherpeople. The thesis dealswiththeexpressionsofvirtues, theirpurpose, idealofhumanbehaviour, specificadvice on how to act, and oftenwithdescriptionofthecorrespondingvices. Keywords:virtue, vice, John Amos Comenius, prudence, individual, society, relationships, ethics
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Human being by Ibn Rushd and Maimonides
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This thesis interprets the concept of human being in the work of Maimonides and ibn Rushd, two representatives of major Arab and Jewish medieval philosophy. It combines the ancient Greek philosophical tradition, especially Aristotle, with a religious context. When Maimonides and Ibn Rushd tried to harmonize these two traditions, they had to deal with many opposite views, that stemmed from the difference between religious and ancient world. Behind this intellectual ground have they created the original thesis and approaches to grasping reality, the world and the human being in it. The issue of human being is analyzed in three levels. The first level consists of the relationship between human being and creation, which addresses the question about origin of the world the human soul and the resurrection. The second level, i.e. the man and the world, is devoted to describing a scheme of the world, human knowledge and the theory of prophecy. Ethical and political views are analyzed on the third level, which represents the position of human being in relation to the polis. Keywords Ibn Rushd, Maimonides, Aristotle, Plato, neoplatonism, philosophy, religion, The Koran, Torah, human being, world, creation, eternity, soul, resurrection, emanation, knowledge, illumination, active intellect, prophecy, politics,...
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