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G. Lipovetsky: The Painless Ethics
Pavelcová, Tereza ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to follow and to critically interpret the proposition about the development of ethics and morality in the work of Gilles Lipovetsky both on specific examples from the history of ethics and its contemporary reflections. The thesis should clarify in what cases is his philosophical and sociological diagnosis, analysis and prediction justified and where it is on the contrary problematic and why. Lipovetsky's proposition in his book The Twilight of Duty is that contemporary moral "boom" is actually a shock and not only a comeback or a revitalization of the traditional morality. It would be no exaggeration to say that contemporary morality is definitely leaving the traditional one behind. The ambition of the thesis is also to give a formulation of the character and typical manifestation of Lipovetsky's "postmoral ethics of the third type" with neither religious nor lay basis in form of duty. The thesis is aware of the tension between the ethical ardor and decadence, the incitements to individualism and the demands of society, in short the tension between responsible and irresponsible ethics. The aim is also to try to justify the applied ethics of responsibility formulated by Lipovetsky, which is to be set in the period of "the twilight of duty", when we no longer have a...
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Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria: An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform
Bojar, Tomáš ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform The Ph.D. dissertation is centred around a relatively concise, but extremely influential book: Cesare Beccaria's treatise On Crimes and Punishments (Dei delitti e delle pene). This work, first published in 1764, sums up in a clear, yet intellectually penetrating way all the main Enlightenment principles of a complex penal law reform. In its time, the book was not only of great philosophical importance and it not only changed the way western societies perceived crime and punishment, but it also served as a concrete guideline for various penal law reformers. It is therefore by no means an overstatement to say that it caused a true paradigm shift in both legal and moral philosophy. The main aim of the thesis is to give a legal-philosophical account of Beccaria's thoughts on crime and punishment, to examine their historical as well as moral background and show the actual impact they had on the legislation of many different, mainly European states. The first chapters of the dissertation are focused on Beccaria's life, his intellectual background and his formative influences (particularly the French, English and Scottish Enlightenment, the social contract theory, utilitarianism, Montesquieu's thoughts on penal...
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Psychological and ethical aspects of the last things of man
KÜMMELOVÁ, Magda
The thesis deals with the very last issues of a person from the psychologically-ethical view, however it doesn't neglect the social view. With the topic is worked also in a context of selected current ethical systems, mainly deontologism and utilitarianism, also regarding the topic of the thesis, the topic of bioethics is discussed as well. Regarding the field of psychology, the thesis elaborates more in detail on the existential psychotherapy, actually also on the logotherapy, which was shaped by an Austrian psychologist Viktor E. Frankl. There is also included the problematics of burial, the possibilities of giving a last farewell, also in a religious and an ethnical point of view. The key part of the thesis deals mainly with a needed psychosocial care for the terminally ill, the dying and also their close ones, in the times of pre finem, in finem and post finem by the prospective death of adults, it deals also with the influence of this care on the experiencing of the final period of life of the dying, and the following grieving of the survivors. In the thesis is also shortly mentioned the topic of palliative and hospice care. The thesis also follows the evaluation of the influence of the last farewell on the process of the survivors' grieving. The inspiration for writing the thesis were apart from professional literature and other professional sources also to a bigger extent the many years of work experience of the author, thanks to which is the work supplemented with many own cases.
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Ethical aspects of the work of in the Charity care service of Klatovy Regional Charity
MAJEROVÁ, Stanislava
The master thesis focuses on caring facilities and service, specifically the Charity care service of the regional charity of Klatovy. The Master thesis points out how necessary and at the same time demanding is the work of caregivers. The Master thesis also includes the characteristics of the clientele with whom Caritas care facility most often cooperates - seniors. It also contains an analysis of ethical dilemmas and problems which arose from semi-structured interviews with respondents,who are employees of specific centers of Caritas care service. The thesis also contains improvement suggestions and coments of the ethical dilemmas and problems which are made using 4 ethical theories - utilitarianism, deontology, ethic of care and situational ethic.
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Dilemmas of social workers at work with clients obtaining benefits of an emergency
CIHLOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis is focused on the dilemmas of social workers at the Labor Office of the Czech Republic, at the department of benefits of material emergency. The aim of this work was to find out with what dilemmas the social workers at the Czech Labor Office, the department of physical expectations meet, and then to analyze two selected dilemmas through ethical theories. The thesis is divided into five chapters, the first three are focused on the theoretical introduction to the topic. The first chapter describes the scope, organizational structure of the Labor Office of the Czech Republic, the system of assistance in material need and benefits, which resolve the state of material need of the citizens. The second chapter is aimed at a social worker in the separation of the benefits of material need and social work with clients in material need. In the third chapter I describe ethics and ethical aspects of social work. The fourth and fifth chapters are crucial for this work. The fourth chapter describes and describes specific dilemmas encountered by social workers at the Labor Office of the Czech Republic in the department of subjects of material Need. The last fifth chapter contains a description of the selected ethical theory and two of my chosen dilemmas, which are analyzed in terms of selected ethical theories, namely deontology, utilitarianism and ethics of care.
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Hedonistic motivations for shopping - scale localization
Ježek, Michal ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Hendl, Jan (referee)
(abstract) The thesis deals with motivations for hedonistic type of shopping with a focus on their measurement by using a multidimensional scale designed and validated by Mark J. Arnold and Kristy E. Reynolds in 2003. This tool contains six constructs for which the author examined their transferability to the local environment of Czech consumers. The aim of the thesis was to convert the scale into the Czech language and into the context of the Czech consumers and their shopping behavior. There were analyzed cognitive interviews, which were focused on the understanding of the statements on the scale and their adjustment for the following questionnaire survey. This was conducted on a representative sample of the Czech internet population. Furthermore, statistical analysis was carried out with the focus on reliability and validity of the translated scale. Although the research does not primarily aim at creating a typology of shoppers or describing in detail the characteristics of Czech consumers, the results of the analysis indicate that Czech population's thinking about shopping is quite like of consumers in collectivist societies. At the end of the thesis, the final and modified scale is introduced containing five constructs instead of the original six. This instrument has been shown to be...
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Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria: An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform
Bojar, Tomáš ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee)
Crime and Punishment in the Eyes of Cesare Beccaria An Analysis of an Enlightenment Penal Law Reform The Ph.D. dissertation is centred around a relatively concise, but extremely influential book: Cesare Beccaria's treatise On Crimes and Punishments (Dei delitti e delle pene). This work, first published in 1764, sums up in a clear, yet intellectually penetrating way all the main Enlightenment principles of a complex penal law reform. In its time, the book was not only of great philosophical importance and it not only changed the way western societies perceived crime and punishment, but it also served as a concrete guideline for various penal law reformers. It is therefore by no means an overstatement to say that it caused a true paradigm shift in both legal and moral philosophy. The main aim of the thesis is to give a legal-philosophical account of Beccaria's thoughts on crime and punishment, to examine their historical as well as moral background and show the actual impact they had on the legislation of many different, mainly European states. The first chapters of the dissertation are focused on Beccaria's life, his intellectual background and his formative influences (particularly the French, English and Scottish Enlightenment, the social contract theory, utilitarianism, Montesquieu's thoughts on penal...
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About Risks Resulting from the Legalisation of Euthanasia
Břeň, Jan ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee)
In the thesis titled About Risks Resulting from the Legalization of Euthanasia I outline several utilitarian arguments in favor of legalizing euthanasia and further arguments to refute the idea of its legalization. The fundamental argument against legalization of euthanasia or physician- assisted suicide is based on the refusal of these utlitarian tendencies and on Kant's conception of dignity as it can be found in his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, along with a secular conception of the idea of the sanctity of human life. Beside other things is discussed also the question of whether philosophy has its rightful place in the discussion about the legalization of euthanasia at all or the relationship between euthanasia and palliative care.
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The Relationship of Hedonism and Humanism
Jerman, Ondřej ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis discusses the relationship between humanism and hedonism. However, its main objective is not to explain the terms in their summarized historical relatedness but to point out their internal coherence. The fundamental issue the thesis deals with is the fact that sentient beings suffer from sorrow. Enumerating the reasons why it is important to search for a solution would be a waste of our reader's time. It is necessary to understand that we don't expect empirical science to solve the problem since - despite the enthusiasm significant for this modern period - has not introduced any relief from sorrow. Here comes the opportunity for philosophy and, eventually, ethics. In its first part the thesis maps out the context of humanism and hedonism, studies their apparent as well as hidden nature, and lays the conceivable foundations of humanistic hedonism. The following section suggests a set of particular steps. Adhering to these instructions makes it possible to experience delight and to eliminate sorrow.
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Transcending egoism through utilitarianism
Vaškovic, Petr ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Hill, James (referee)
This bachelor's thesis transcending egoism through utilitarianism deals with the problem of egoism in connection to moral acts, especially in connection to the motivation of moral action. Main focus of the thesis is on the problem of egoism, which seems to be one of the main motivating powers, usually negative, that is preventing individual from following his moral judgment. Transcending the negative influence of egoism is possible through adopting a certain impersonal viewpoint. This tendency, namely the aspiration to achieve an impersonal viewpoint can be found in utilitarianism. Utilitarianism in its foundations works with an Epicurean, therefore more or less egoistically hedonistic view of morality, with a tendency of an individual to follow pleasure and avoid pain. Impersonal character of utilitarianism, that aspect of utilitarianism, which is capable of transcending egoism, is the aspect which will be most important for this thesis. The ability of utilitarianism to transcend the personal viewpoint will be the core of the argument, which will help us in transcending egoism. Keywords Ethics, egoism, motivation, utilitarianism, Bentham, Mill, Scheffler, Hare
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