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Parental conflicts and speciation in the house mouse
Kropáčková, Lucie ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee)
Hybridization between closely related species of mammals is often accompanied by abnormal growth of placentas and fetuses. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, our knowledge about the contribution of such interspecies incompatibilities in speciation is still insufficient. In my thesis, I was finding out if abnormal placental and fetal growth contributes to reproductive isolation of two subspecies of house mouse, Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus, which are at an early phase of speciation and in nature they still hybridize. Using two inbred strains derived from M. m. musculus (PWD/Ph, STUS) and two inbred strains derived from M. m. domesticus (C57BL6/J, SCHEST) we performed four different intrasubspecies and four different intersubspecies crosses. We found out that the size of the placenta in hybrids is more influenced by father, while the size of the fetus is more influenced by mother. After elimination influence of weight of mother and father we have not recorded a significant difference in the size of placentas and fetuses in intrasubspecies and intersubspecies crosses. Our results show that hybridization between subspecies of house mouse does not produce abnormalities in prenatal development, as was observed in hybrids between distant species of mice. It is thus possible that...
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Perceiving of the Beginning of Life and Selected Chapters in Context of Social Work
Bínová, Markéta ; Stretti, Sylvie (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on various approaches to the issue of perception of life and personality. This concept is discussed in the first chapter and it is following by biological description of prenatal development, the approach of philosophical anthropology and the Catholic approach. In conclusion, there is a description of the context of social work, such as the expectation of the affected child, prenatal diagnosis, abortion, or birth of a dead child. Keywords Perception of life, personality, prenatal development, philosophical anthropology, Catholic approach, social work, crisis, abortion, prenatal diagnostic, dead fetus syndrome. Summary The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to introduce different approaches to the perception of the beginning of life and personality. This subject can be grasped from different points of view that affect each other or they are interdependent. I also focused on defining the notion of personality. In the following chapters, there were presented various approaches of understanding this issue, namely biological approach, philosophical anthropology and Catholic approach. At the end I focused on the possible context of social work that I see in the possibility of various crisis situations. These may be expectation of the affected child, prenatal diagnosis,...
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Toxoplasma and Host's Reproductive Function
Hlaváčová, Jana ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Kodym, Petr (referee)
Toxoplasma gondii (Apicomplexa) is probably one of the most common human parasite in developed countries. It has a wide range of hosts including a variety of warm-blooded animals as well as humans. In this bachelor thesis you can find review of literature focusing on an influence of T. gondii on host's reproductive functions. Toxoplasmosis is accompanied by hormonal changes which may be one reason for the negative effect on host's fertility. Throughout the thesis are mentioned immunosuppression and reduced quality control of embryos associated with T. gondii. Both of these phenomena probably affect pregnancy, prenatal and postnatal development of the offsprings of mothers with latent toxoplasmosis. And these also play a role in shifting of sex ratio in infected hosts.
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Parental conflicts and speciation in the house mouse
Kropáčková, Lucie ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee)
Hybridization between closely related species of mammals is often accompanied by abnormal growth of placentas and fetuses. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, our knowledge about the contribution of such interspecies incompatibilities in speciation is still insufficient. In my thesis, I was finding out if abnormal placental and fetal growth contributes to reproductive isolation of two subspecies of house mouse, Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus, which are at an early phase of speciation and in nature they still hybridize. Using two inbred strains derived from M. m. musculus (PWD/Ph, STUS) and two inbred strains derived from M. m. domesticus (C57BL6/J, SCHEST) we performed four different intrasubspecies and four different intersubspecies crosses. We found out that the size of the placenta in hybrids is more influenced by father, while the size of the fetus is more influenced by mother. After elimination influence of weight of mother and father we have not recorded a significant difference in the size of placentas and fetuses in intrasubspecies and intersubspecies crosses. Our results show that hybridization between subspecies of house mouse does not produce abnormalities in prenatal development, as was observed in hybrids between distant species of mice. It is thus possible that...
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