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Nutrigenetic analysis of metabolic syndrome: the role of spontaneously hypertensive rat chromosome 4
Petrů, Karolína ; Šeda, Ondřej (advisor) ; Malínská, Hana (referee)
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition with a number of interacting genes, epigenetic and environmental factors underlying its pathogenesis. The analysis of genetic component of MetS showed that number of defining parameters of the syndrome is linked to regions of rat chromosome 4. In order to verify these quantitative trait loci (QTL), a double congenic strain was derived with parts of chromosome 4 of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR, an inbred MetS model) origin introgressed onto genomic background of congenic Brown Norway strain (BN-Lx). The aim of the proposed thesis is comprise detail genetic mapping of differential segments of the above mentioned double congenic strain BN-Lx.SHR4 and comparison of its metabolic profile under different dietary conditions with varying carbohydrate and fat content. Utilizing DNA sequence and gene expression comparisons, candidate genes or polymorphisms for the MetS aspects and potential nutrigenetic interactions will be identified. Key words: nutrigenetics, experimental models, metabolic syndrome, congenic strain, genotyping, rat
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Polymorphisms of nutrigenetics-active genes in Vietnamese and Czech population
Pham, Khanh Ha ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Freiberger, Tomáš (referee)
This Master's thesis analyzes and compares the allele distribution of some polymorphisms within nutrigenetics-active genes in the Czech and Vietnamese population. The theoretic part of this thesis describes the genes along with their polymorphisms that can contribute to the metabolism of some nutrients or which are long known for their association with the onset and manifestation of some metabolic diseases and other pathologic processes. It also discusses the possible causes of positive selection and its impact on the allele and genotype frequenccy of said polymorphisms. The own research is composed of the processes of DNA obtaining and extraction, genetic analysis' methods including PCR-RFLP and Realtime PCR along with the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method. Results of the analyses and questionnaire are statistically evaluated and presented with the aid of tables and graphs. The discussion brings some possible causes for said outcomes. The results show that the distribution of the risk alleles of observed polymorphisms are usually lower in the Vietnamese community than it is in the Czech population especially within: the FTO gene which can predict the development of obesity, the CTF7L2 gene which is associated with type 2 diabetes, in ADH1B which can regulate alcohol consumption and lastly...
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Nutrigenetic analysis of metabolic syndrome: the role of spontaneously hypertensive rat chromosome 4
Petrů, Karolína ; Šeda, Ondřej (advisor) ; Malínská, Hana (referee)
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition with a number of interacting genes, epigenetic and environmental factors underlying its pathogenesis. The analysis of genetic component of MetS showed that number of defining parameters of the syndrome is linked to regions of rat chromosome 4. In order to verify these quantitative trait loci (QTL), a double congenic strain was derived with parts of chromosome 4 of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR, an inbred MetS model) origin introgressed onto genomic background of congenic Brown Norway strain (BN-Lx). The aim of the proposed thesis is comprise detail genetic mapping of differential segments of the above mentioned double congenic strain BN-Lx.SHR4 and comparison of its metabolic profile under different dietary conditions with varying carbohydrate and fat content. Utilizing DNA sequence and gene expression comparisons, candidate genes or polymorphisms for the MetS aspects and potential nutrigenetic interactions will be identified. Key words: nutrigenetics, experimental models, metabolic syndrome, congenic strain, genotyping, rat
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Nutrigenetic interactions of dietary intake of carbohydrates in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes
Turková, Michaela ; Šeda, Ondřej (advisor) ; Malínská, Hana (referee)
Type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic condition caused by multiple factors comprising genetic predispositions, lifestyle including diet quality and quantity, environmental factors and others. Particular alleles of numerous genes taking part in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes interact with dietary intake of specific carbohydrate or distinct ratio of carbohydrates and other macronutrients. The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to summarize the currently available data on nutrigenetic interactions involving carbohydrate intake and, at the same time, affecting risk of type 2 diabetes manifestation.
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Interaction of PPARG gene polymorphisms with diet components in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes
Petrů, Karolína ; Šeda, Ondřej (advisor) ; Schierová, Michaela (referee)
Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial trait as interactions between genetic predispositions and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Nuclear receptor PPARG (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) belongs among genes with substantial impact on pathophysiological processes leading to manifestation of type 2 diabetes. Metaanalyses of human studies showed that several common polymorphisms of this gene are involved in interactions with environmental factors, particularly diet, physical activity and medication. The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to summarize current knowledge on nutrigenetic interactions comprising polymorphisms of PPARG gene and specific qualitative and quantitative parameters of the diet in relation to pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Business Solution for a Food Service Company Based on a Modern Nutrition Concept (case of Russia)
Tarasov, Stanislav ; Campbell, Jan (advisor) ; Štěrbová, Ludmila (referee)
Increasing level of public concerns about ageing and obesity problems accompanied by the advent of more and more health conscious consumers have put a priority on the health and wellness industry development which has started transformation from a niche category towards the mainstream. As a human being is an individual with unique known characteristics (like age, gender, health state, lifestyle) and less known characteristics like a genetic predisposition, the nutrition plan should be designed around these characteristics. Being aware of genetic predisposition of an individual allows to develop the appropriate health strategy for the particular individual. A systematization of these individual programs would support the development of a new generation of health practitioners. Russia is experiencing serious demographic problems with decreasing population and low life expectancy; high mortality rate from heart diseases and quite high obesity rates. It is expected that nutrigenomics concepts can be successfully developed in Russia due to its solid scientific base, relatively high level of medicine and the ever increasing awareness of the need for a healthy quality life especially within young generation. The goal of the thesis therefore is to analyze the key trends in the global and Russian food industries and develop a business idea of commercializing the personalized nutrition concept in the Russian food service market.
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