|
|
Segmentation of the basic parts of human brain in MR data
Klásek, Pavel ; Jiřík, Radovan (referee) ; Malínský, Miloš (advisor)
This work describes segmentation methods used in image data processing, from which there are selected and implemented suitable methods for solving the assignment of segmentation parts of human brain – region growing and watershed algorithm. Segmentation techniques are realized on real data sources. Final segmentation results are presented, compared and evaluated accordig to the advanced software FreeSurfer segmentation results. In addition there is a list of available software that can be applied for the purpose of neurological image segmentation.
|
|
|
Biomarkers of neurodegeneration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with selected neurological diseases
Nosková, Libuše ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor) ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (referee) ; Švarcová, Jana (referee)
Neurofilaments are the key structural component of the cytoskeleton of neurons, where they are essential for many functions. They consist of 3 subunits: light chain (NFL); medium chain (NfM) and heavy chain (NfH). Except neurofilament proteins there is also α-internexin in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripherin in the peripheral NS. Due to various pathophysiological processes, neurofilament proteins are released into the extracellular space, where they can interact with the components of the immune system. While the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is obvious, less knowledge about the antibody response to the neurofilament proteins is available. It is eligible to expand our knowledge in this area. Determination of free antibodies against neurofilaments together with their immune complexes with corresponding antigen provides us more detailed insight into the antibody immune response against neurofilaments. We have optimized the ELISA methods to determine free antibodies against light and heavy chain of neurofilaments together with their corresponding immunocomplexes in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Implementation of these methods is precondition for analysis of those parameters in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with...
|
|
| |
|
|
Examination of Cellular Elements in the Cerebrospinal Fluid on the Analyser Sysmex XE-5000 by Method of "Body Fluid".
Davídková, Jana ; Fátorová, Ilona (advisor) ; Pešková, Eliška (referee)
Cerebrospinal fluid is examined using a variety of methods, which also include determining the number and type of each cell. Now the method of the first choice to determine the cellular elements is a microscopic method. This determination, however, can also be done using the analyzer method, which is not yet so widespread. The aim of my thesis was to compare these two methods and determine whether the examination of cerebrospinal fluid on the analyzer Sysmex XE-5000 in the "Body Fluid" mode can replace commonly used microscopic methods. To this purpose, we gathered the laboratory data measured by using both these methods. These data was compared, evaluated and statistically processed. The resulting data suggest that the values measured on the analyzer Sysmex XE-5000 are more accurate than from microscopic determination, especially at highly cell samples of cerebrospinal fluid. To this end, we came evaluation of Bland-Altman graphs and comparison graphs with marked of limits of physiological oligocytosis. For checking of the accuracy of measurements, we verified the repeatability of the analyzer for the values of leukocytes and erythrocytes, coefficients of variation corresponding to the values specified by the manufacturer's documentation. We also investigated the stability of samples of...
|
|
|
Raman spectroscopy as the tool for Alzheimer's disease diagnostics
Tesař, Adam ; Kopecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jelínek, Otakar (referee)
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most frequent dementia. The prevalence is approximately 10% in 65 years old people. The current treatment is only progression protective, therefore it is crucial to find a new diagnostic approach for diagnosing AD in early stage. We analysed a set of 55 patients by the drop coating deposition Raman spectroscopy with the goal to verify previously published high sensitivity of the AD spectroscopic diagnosis in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and to find a new diagnostic method for blood serum (BS). We optimized measurement conditions for BS. The results were evaluated by the cluster analysis and the principal component analysis. The small set of samples exhibited high sensitivity in both CSF and BS but that distinctly decreased in the whole set. The results for CSF were affected by the choice of the analysed spectral interval. The best for AD diagnose was the interval containing peaks at 980, 1080 and 1249 cm-1.The results for BS have been the most sensitive in the whole spectral range. They have low sensitivity but high specificity for AD (92%). The usage of neural networks has conversely high sensitivity and low specificity in both sets of samples of BS and CSF. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Determination of selected components in human urine with electrophoresis in short capillary.
Makrlíková, Anna
Capillary zone electrophoresis is frequently used in various analyses. In this diploma thesis a hydrodynamic sample introduction method controlled by pressure pulse has been proposed for short-capillary electrophoresis. The base electrolyte flushes sample from the loop of a six-way sampling valve and is carried to the injection end of the capillary. At the time when the sample zone reached the capillary, a short pressure impulse is generated in the electrolyte stream, which provides injection of the sample into the capillary. Then the electrolyte flow is stopped and the separation voltage is turned on. The amount of sample introduced to the capillary is controlled by the duration of the pressure pulse. This new sample introduction method was tested in the determination of ammonia, histidine, creatinine, uric acid and hippuric acid in human urine and for rapid screening of the contents of the inorganic ions in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma. The determination was performed in a capillary with an overall length of 10,5 cm and two base electrolytes was tested - 50 mM MES + 5 mM NaOH (pH 5,10) and 1 M acetic acid + 1,5 mM crown ether 18-crown-6 (pH 2,40). Using dual detection techniques contactless conductivity and UV spectrometric detection, anorganic and organic substances in the sample could...
|
|
|
Význam laktátu v diagnostice mitochondriálních onemocnění u dětí
Magner, Martin ; Zeman, Jiří (advisor) ; Baxová, Alice (referee) ; Procházková, Dagmar (referee)
The lactate level assesment in various body fluids plays an important role in the diagnostics of mitochondrial disorders in children. However, the interpretation of lactate level is often difficult due to its unspecificity and variability even in particular mitochondrial disorders. Three specific aims have been stated in this PhD Thesis: 1. To analyse the role of lactate examination in the differential diagnosis between children with mitochondrial disorders and children with other diseases. 2. To study the lactate level differences in various mitochondrial syndromes. 3. To characterise the clinical and laboratory data of neonates with mitochondrial disorders and to suggest new diagnostic algorhytms. Clinical and laboratory data from patients hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics were collected. Laboratory methods were provided in the cooperation with the Mitochondrial laboratory of the Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders. The study with lactate levels in 107 patients documented that brief seizures lasting less than 2 minutes did not increase lactate concentration in the CSF. CSF-lactate was a relialable marker in differential diagnosis in the children with mitochondrial disorders against children with epilepsy. 2. The severity of particular phenotype is more...
|
|
|
Diagnostics of neuroinfection caused by human herpesviruses using nucleic acid amplification methods
Labská, Klára ; Marešová, Vilma (advisor) ; Rožnovský, Luděk (referee) ; Krbková, Lenka (referee)
of thesis Diagnostics of neuroinfection caused by human herpesviruses using nucleic acid amplification methods author: MUDr. Klára Labská supervisor: doc. MUDr. Vilma Marešová, CSc. In recent years, the diagnosis of neuroinfections has undergone a shift towards molecular biology methods. Our research focused on the predictive value of the capture of herpesvirus (HV) DNA in cerebrospinal fluid. In the first study, we examined the presence of DNA neurotropic herpes viruses (HSV1, HSV2, VZV and HHV6) in cerebrospinal fluid in immunocompetent patients with laboratory-confirmed tick-borne meningoencephalitis and enterovirus meningitis and meningoencephalitis. The control group consisted of patients with proven absence of an inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid. Patients were followed for 6 months. The course of the disease and its consequences, including laboratory tests, were compared between groups of patients with and without the presence of HV DNA. In the second study, we tried to demonstrate the presence of HSV1 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid during its symptomatic reactivation in patients with purulent meningitis. In our group of immunocompetent patients with non-purulent inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid, the proportion of HV DNA positive patients reached 7.5% (13 out of 173), we also...
|
|
|
Determination of selected components in human urine with electrophoresis in short capillary.
Makrlíková, Anna
Capillary zone electrophoresis is frequently used in various analyses. In this diploma thesis a hydrodynamic sample introduction method controlled by pressure pulse has been proposed for short-capillary electrophoresis. The base electrolyte flushes sample from the loop of a six-way sampling valve and is carried to the injection end of the capillary. At the time when the sample zone reached the capillary, a short pressure impulse is generated in the electrolyte stream, which provides injection of the sample into the capillary. Then the electrolyte flow is stopped and the separation voltage is turned on. The amount of sample introduced to the capillary is controlled by the duration of the pressure pulse. This new sample introduction method was tested in the determination of ammonia, histidine, creatinine, uric acid and hippuric acid in human urine and for rapid screening of the contents of the inorganic ions in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma. The determination was performed in a capillary with an overall length of 10,5 cm and two base electrolytes was tested - 50 mM MES + 5 mM NaOH (pH 5,10) and 1 M acetic acid + 1,5 mM crown ether 18-crown-6 (pH 2,40). Using dual detection techniques contactless conductivity and UV spectrometric detection, anorganic and organic substances in the sample could...
|
|
|
Nursing care about children with hydrocephalus.
POLÁKOVÁ, Nikola
This bachelor thesis "nursing care for hydrocephalic children" deals with the specifics of nursing care and its difficulty. Hydrocephalus is an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid that causes the brain's ventricular system to expand.The formation of the hydrocephalus comes due to imbalance in cerebrospinal fluid production or hydrocephalus can cause obstruction in the natural circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. The illness can lead to increased intraocular pressure and progressive head growth. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part will explain the term hydrocephalus, causes of origin, diagnosis and treatment. It also mentions the complications of operative solutions and subsequent nursing care. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is processed as a qualitative survey using the technique of semi-structured interview and case history. The target of the bachelor thesis was to find out the specifics in nursing care in children with hydrocephalus. Based on the target of the bachelor thesis, two research questions were identified. First: "What are the specifics in nursing care by children with hydrocephalus?". The second definition of the research question is: "What are the most common problems for children with hydrocephalus?" By processing the research part of the thesis, it was found, that nursing care for children with hydrocephalus is very demanding, both psychologically and physically. Taking care of these children is also very time consuming. Nursing care also depends largely on well-established and functioning treatments. If the patient is properly compensated, they may not be dependent on the care of another person. The research shows, that nurses are well informed about this disease and care for these children spend the time. This bachelor thesis will be the basis for a presentation at a conference in Budějovice on Kazuistika.
|
guest ::
