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Transformation of Detroit Police Department in the Context of City of Detroit's Socio-Economic Situation from 1960s to 1980s
Moucha, František ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Pondělíček, Jiří (referee)
The reform of police forces in Detroit, Michigan, USA, is a phenomenon dating back to the early 1960s. This phenomenon characterizes the organization and operation of police forces in alternative ways, with the police moving away from community police supervision to various programs with the goal of rapidly reducing criminal activity. To do this, federal funds are often being used, whether from financial or legal frameworks. These legislative frameworks allow, for example, the co-financing of local police forces with the help of the federal government. Another example could be the transfer of military equipment into the hands of civilian security forces and their management. However, the public's impression of this phenomenon may be different. Due to this, the police, as a civilian security force, are getting dangerously similar to the definition of military armed forces. This may lead to the impression that the two forces are merging. The phenomenon is therefore concerned with whether it is the police using military methods or the police becoming another armed unit, with a repressive functioning.
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Dual Securitization of Public Space in Relation to Sport Mega Events
Svitková, Katarína ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The objective of this study is to examine security measures in cities hosting sports mega events. Using International political sociology as a theoretical background, I argue that city spaces undergo what I refer to as dual securitization. I identify four principal characteristics of security measures which have become globally standardized and which I consider illiberal: exceptionalism, surveillance, militarization and urban restrictions. In the case studies, I explore how these measures were justified and employed during the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup in Beijing, South Africa, London and Rio de Janeiro. Despite some differences which are due to local realities, I argue that the approaches of the principal stakeholders in the four cities are very much alike. Regardless of the type of political regime or the degree of socio-economic development, exceptionality of mega events serves as an impetus for wide-scale and profound surveillance and militarization of contemporary cities. In the process, securing public spaces and urbanites comes at the expense of individual liberties.
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Position of science authorities in media agenda before the World War I. (research probe)
Havel, Jakub ; Sekera, Martin (advisor) ; Krejcar, Robert (referee)
The aim of this work is at least partially to map the position of the scientific theme in magazines produced in the end of 19th century and by the beginning of 20th century with focus on technical progress reflection and partial presence of additional scientific themes. The theoretical part of this work summarizes the role of science in the Czech society from the end of 18th century and presents the main personalities, turning points and processes (mainly industrial revolution) that formed the media discourse by the end of the 19th century. The practical part is dedicated to analyzing of chosen magazines Čas, Naše doba, Česká revue, Český svět a Světozor (Illustrovaný svět) in various periods of time. Firstly, there is a connection concerned with the year 1886, the age of manuscript polemics and "our two questions". Subsequently, it is analyzed the position of science at the turn of the century that was considerably influenced with the general process of technique penetration through society praxis. The last period researched is the pre-war time between years 1912 - 1914, when technical inventions were highly used in the military sphere and were also responsible for a massive militarization.
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Gender, ethnicity and peacebuilding in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Zamanov, Ramil ; Lorenz - Meyer, Dagmar (advisor) ; Baslarová, Iva (referee)
The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is a territorial and ethnic conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh that has led to war, displacement, trauma and continuing animosities. This thesis examines the differential long-term effects of the conflict in the lives of Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) and refugees from Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh who have remained largely excluded from current peacebuilding initiatives. Ethnographic fieldwork and interviews were conducted with displaced and refugee women and with queers in Sumgayit and Baku in Azerbaijan and around Tbilisi in Georgia. The research uses an intersectional sensibility to explore the constitution and effects of economic hardship, ill-health and social exclusion as well the militarization in the life histories and everyday experiences of IDP and refugee women and queers. On this basis, it reflects what their participation, insights and concerns could contribute to the stalled peace processes and what cultural and societal changes will be required for peacebuilding and a more lasting resolution of this frozen conflict. Key words: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, gender, ethnicity, intersectionality, peacebuilding, militarization, queer community, IDP and refugee women 1
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The Motivation For Joining the Active Reserve From a Women Perspective
Stehlíková, Jiřina ; Kobová, Ĺubica (advisor) ; Kolářová, Marta (referee)
My diploma thesis focuses on women in the active reserve. Active reserve has become more popular due to new security threats and increasing need of people to be prepared when something goes wrong. In theoretical part I introduce the basic concepts that my work is based on. I focus on the active reserve from their origin till the nowadays. As for the empirical part, I have done ten semi-structured interviews with the women - members of the active reserve. The goal of this thesis is to find out what motivates the women to enter this primarily male-dominated area. Within my thesis I was also wondering what kind of reactions based on participation in active reserve my informants have to deal with and if there are any advantages or disadvantages connected with being the active reservist. Above all I was interested in personal experience of my informants. The keys words: active reserve, women, motivation, gender, army, interviews, militarization, military forces, army reserve
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Dual Securitization of Public Space in Relation to Sport Mega Events
Svitková, Katarína ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The objective of this study is to examine security measures in cities hosting sports mega events. Using International political sociology as a theoretical background, I argue that city spaces undergo what I refer to as dual securitization. I identify four principal characteristics of security measures which have become globally standardized and which I consider illiberal: exceptionalism, surveillance, militarization and urban restrictions. In the case studies, I explore how these measures were justified and employed during the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup in Beijing, South Africa, London and Rio de Janeiro. Despite some differences which are due to local realities, I argue that the approaches of the principal stakeholders in the four cities are very much alike. Regardless of the type of political regime or the degree of socio-economic development, exceptionality of mega events serves as an impetus for wide-scale and profound surveillance and militarization of contemporary cities. In the process, securing public spaces and urbanites comes at the expense of individual liberties.
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Position of science authorities in media agenda before the World War I. (research probe)
Havel, Jakub ; Sekera, Martin (advisor) ; Krejcar, Robert (referee)
The aim of this work is at least partially to map the position of the scientific theme in magazines produced in the end of 19th century and by the beginning of 20th century with focus on technical progress reflection and partial presence of additional scientific themes. The theoretical part of this work summarizes the role of science in the Czech society from the end of 18th century and presents the main personalities, turning points and processes (mainly industrial revolution) that formed the media discourse by the end of the 19th century. The practical part is dedicated to analyzing of chosen magazines Čas, Naše doba, Česká revue, Český svět a Světozor (Illustrovaný svět) in various periods of time. Firstly, there is a connection concerned with the year 1886, the age of manuscript polemics and "our two questions". Subsequently, it is analyzed the position of science at the turn of the century that was considerably influenced with the general process of technique penetration through society praxis. The last period researched is the pre-war time between years 1912 - 1914, when technical inventions were highly used in the military sphere and were also responsible for a massive militarization.
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