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Genetické aspekty produkce lesního reprodukčního materiálu jedle bělokoré (Abies alba Mill.)
Ondrejčík, Róbert
The silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) was the one of our most important commercial wood species. The theoretic part is focused on expansion, ecological requirements and effect of management on reproduction of this ground wood. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to state the genotypes of source certified coppice of silver fir and seedlings in forest nursery - progeny of maternal coppice in 15 loci by the means of DNA analyses. From the genotypes basic population- genetic features are educed consequently, such as allele and genotype frequency or genetic diversity. After interpreting the results, within the valid legislature, particular actions for preventing genetic fund impoverishment and possibilities of restoration of this ground wood into our forests are suggested.
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Genetic variation and contact zone of two species of Slow Worm (Anguis fragilis, A. colchicapublics
Šifrová, Helena ; Gvoždík, Václav (advisor) ; Hulva, Pavel (referee)
The members of the genus Anguis are widely but hidden living reptile species in the Czech and Slovak Republic. Due to their slight morphological characters among species of the genus, presence of two out of five species in the study area has only recently been confirmed. However, a detailed knowledge about their distribution, contact zones or potential hybridization is still unknown or very insufficient. In this master thesis, 407 individuals of Anguis fragilis and A. colchica out of 281 locations were genotyped. 407 sequences of the mitochondrial marker ND2, 170 sequences of PRLR and 156 sequences RAG1 (both nuclear markers) were used for the genetic analyses. The results confirmed the dominant species A. fragilis for the Czech Republic and A. colchica for the Slovak Republic. The contact and potential hybrid zone has north-south direction from northern Moravia and Silesia, across the Morava River valleys to the Little Carpathians and the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia. The most important information of this thesis is about potential hybridization of these species. My analyses reveal that high number of individuals in the north-south direction zone has hybrid genotype. It allowed detecting the width of the hybrid zone and more accurate genetic structure among species and populations. In addition,...
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On the Origin of Chenopodium album by Means of Hybridization
Kondrysová, Eva ; Mandák, Bohumil (advisor) ; Mráz, Patrik (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with genetic variability and evolutionary relationships among selected species of the group Chenopodium album and is especially focused on the origin of hexaploid species C. album in the Czech Republic. The main aim of the study was detection of putative recent emergence of hexaploid C. album s. str. in mixed populations of diploid (C. ficifolium and C. suecicum) and tetraploid (C. strictum and C. striatiforme) species. To assess phylogenetical relationships I performed an analysis of nuclear microsatellite loci, that are suitable for detection parental lines within polyploid species. As long as microsatellite primers have been developed for studied group, therefore they had to be cross-amplified from closely related species C. quinoa. Three PCR multiplexes were assembled by cross-amplification of microsatellite primers. These PCR multiplexes were tested on representative sample sets to estimate genetic variability of individual microsatellite loci. A total of 911 individuals were analyzed from five localities from the Czech Republic. The results of analyses revealed (1) high interspecific differentiation, (2) gene flow among species of the same ploidy levels, (3) presence of hybrids among diploid species of C. ficifolium and C. suecium as well as among tetraploid species C. strictum...
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Genetic structure of local domestic breeds
Neradilová, Silvie ; Baranyiová, Eva (advisor)
A switch from hunting to beginnings of farming and agriculture was a crucial step for humans and for developing civilization. This period was suitable for domestication processes. Dogs were the first domesticated animals at all. Their breeding was connected with settlement and cattle protection and they were used as shepherd and hunting dogs. In some cultures they are even used as food source. Recent trends lead to breeding of new breeds and division of original gene pool into smaller closed groups which lead to an increase of homozygosity and to display recessively inherited diseases. These effects are mostly visible in small local breeds that have a small population size. Global protection of genetic diversity in cattle, poultry and pigs was already addressed in many studies, probably because of the high economic value of these animals. Impact of domesticated carnivores to humans is comparable and due to the growing market in veterinary services it is needed to protect sufficient genetic variability of various unique races. The aim of this work is to compare selected local breeds of dogs from different regions of origin, to evaluate their overall genetic diversity, to determine the occurrence of candidate types of diseases and to compare the frequency of these diseases in selected breeds. Main output is to recommend appropriate methods to protect the gene pool of these unique races. Central European breed (e.g. Český Fousek), subtropical breed (e.g. Sarplaninec), tropical continental breed (eg. Basenji), tropical island breed (e.g. The New Guinea Singing Dog) will be selected. The material will be collected at exhibitions and in cooperation with local farmers. The samples will be processed by classical methods of population genetics in the laboratory of molecular genetics FTZ ČZU.
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Analysis of population structure in the seed orchard of wild cherry Prunus avium L.
Krejzková, Anna ; Korecký, Jiří (advisor) ; Čepl, Jaroslav (referee)
The seed orchard of Prunus avium L., Čejkovka, LS LČR Lužná, was established in 2002. Low seed production is characteristic for the orchard. First seed collection took place in 2015, summing up to 35 kilograms. Based on genetic analysis, S locus alleles and microsatellite data were detected. Furthermore, phenology of blooming and fertility of individual ramets was observed. It was detected that from the registered 59 clones, 46 clones were of different genotypes and 29 clones are diferrent in S locus. Approximately 37% ramets in the orchard are genetically identical. In 2015, a total of 45% ramets produced seeds. Based on evidence, the effective number of clones in the orchard is 31, 12 based on SSRs and 10 based on S locus. The number of seed producing clones in 2015 was 20 based on evidence, 8 based on SSRs and only 5 based on S locuses. In order to achieve higher seed production it would be appropriate to partially supplement genetically identical clones with those of different genotypes. An additional option would be utilizing the existing orchard to collect grafts to establish a new, appropriately designed, orchard.
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