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Issues of criminal liability of legal entities
Pudilová, Anežka ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
This thesis is dedicated to issues of criminal liability of legal entities. Act no. 418/2011 Sb., Act on Criminal Liability of Legal Persons and Proceedings Against Them (hereinafter as "the Act") came into force on January 1th , 2012. Adopting appropriate legislation Czech Republic not only met its international commitments, but also reacted to the fact that legal entities are becoming an instrument for committing serious types and forms of crime. The aim of this thesis is the analysis of the terms of criminal responsibility of the legal entities in context, taking into account strengths and weaknesses of the effective legal regulation. Studying the general issues of the offense responsibility of legal entities is the precondition for submitting integrated analyses of this specific section of the Act. This thesis is divided into three parts, which are formed by chapters, its sections and subsections. The first part is dedicated to the theoretical issues of criminal responsibility of legal entities among which are the conceptions of the offence responsibility of legal entities and arguments for and against introduction of criminal responsibility of legal entities. The second part of the thesis follows up the course to adoption of the Act, focuses on the object of the new statutory regulation, and on its...
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Attitudes toward the death penalty in the Czech Republic
Trojanová, Eva ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šafr, Jiří (referee)
My diploma work follows up Czech Republic inhabitants' attitudes toward the death penalty. It also describes changes in death penalty perception in terms of historical aspect, its presentation to public society, changes in approach to death penalty and violence in general over time. It deals with execution types development, executioner's social position and craft. It brings elementary thoughts of advocates and opponents of the death penalty and describes related contemporary situation in the world. All these chapters are included for broader context description to allow me better use and identify results from the survey. The other part of my diploma work is survey with focus on attitudes toward the death penalty in Czech Republic. It was conducted in 2012-13, based on online respondent panel, with use of quantitative methods. This market research survey was executed on Millward Brown Czech Republic online panel with sample of 821 respondents. Results basically deliver knowledge of relation between attitudes toward the death penalty and sociodemographics, main arguments for and against the death penalty, clarifies the relation between attitudes toward the death penalty and some factors such as experience with crime or death penalty basic facts knowledge. I also evaluated if respondents' attitudes...
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Conditional Sentences to Imprisonment with Supervision - Its Application and Practice of Performance in Terms of the Probation and Mediation Service
Grofová, Renata ; Válková, Helena (advisor) ; Dragomirecká, Eva (referee)
GROFOVÁ, Renata. Conditional Sentences to Imprisonment with Supervision - Its Application and Practice of Performance in Terms of the Probation and Mediation Service. Praha: Faculty of Arts of Charles University, 2013. 82 s. Master Degree Thesis. The aim of the Master's thesis is to ascertain how the supervision of conditionally convicted persons is applied and fulfilled. The theoretical part of the thesis analyses the system of the various forms of punishment. The key part of the thesis focuses on Suspended Sentences with surveillance and the application in practice of this form of punishment. The thesis also includes a chapter about the Probation and Mediation Service. The practical part describes the process of examination and the evaluations of the results. The last part of the thesis contains an evaluation of the gained findings and a proposal how to streamline the above mentioned form of sentence in order to make it more effective. The research methods chosen are a research questionnaire survey and the analysis of records. The research sample was compiled out of the employees of the Probation and Mediation Service in Prague and the files on record of the Probation and Mediation Service in Prague. Key words: criminal penalty, Probation and Mediation Service, supervision, criminal offense, offender
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Issues of criminal liability of legal entities
Hudáková, Jana ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Herczeg, Jiří (referee)
Hudáková, J. Criminal liability of legal persons Criminal liability of legal persons is a significant change to the continental European law. It is a sensible breakthrough into the core principle of an individual criminal responsibility of individuals. In connection with the adoption of Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on the criminal liability of legal persons and proceedings against them, the thesis deals with main aspects of the criminal liability of legal persons in the Czech Republic. After defining of legal grounds of the criminal responsibility author subsequently discusses sanctioning of legal persons. At the same time, the author discusses legal regulation of moral person criminal liability in France. She outlines the principles of criminal liability of legal persons, as well as the conditions for imposing sanctions. The author tries to demonstrate, by means of the attached statistical surveys, the numerous application of this institute in the French legal practice. Finally, the author tries to compare Czech and French legislation in selected aspects.
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Education and crime - the economic view
Šipkovská, Silvie ; Vyhnánek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Adam, Tomáš (referee)
In her thesis, the author addresses the relationship between education and selected types of crime (economic, property and violent crime) in the context of the national economy. The aim of the thesis is to show that the relationship between crime and education is much more complex than it may appear on the basis of current findings and observations and that, besides education, the criminal career of an offender is also significantly influenced by his/her family background and, therefore, it is appropriate to include this factor into the analysis. The analytical section of the thesis is divided into two separate parts. The first part, which deals with the phenomenon of crime in general, describes the dependency of individual crime types, education and family background by means of tables and diagrams showing percentages of individual variables and using contingency tables and correlation tables. The analysis confirms that there is a significant relationship between crime and the combination of education and family background. This hypothesis, however, manifests itself only in respect of certain types of family background, namely the backgrounds described as "working class" and "intelligentsia". The second part is devoted to recidivism as a particularly negative phenomenon -58% of offenders in the analysed...
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Crime of murder and klling under Section 140 and 141 of the Czech Criminal Code
Rossmannová, Kateřina ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
CRIME OF MURDER AND CRIME OF MANSLAUGHTER ACCORDING TO § 140 TZ, § 141 TZ The topic of my thesis is the crime of murder (§ 140) and the crime of manslaughter (§ 141 of the Criminal Code). These are the most serious crimes directed against human life. As the topic of human life is very important for my work, the first chapter is focused on the description of the legal regulation of the protection of human life in the terms of Czech and international regulation as well as on definition of the beginning and the end of human life. In this chapter I have also included the infanticide. In the next chapter I dealt with the constituent elements of the crime of murder and manslaughter. Separately, I spoke about the object, the physical element, the subject and the mental element of these crimes. In the section discussing the object I focused on the subject of attack and on the victim, too. Under the discussion about the subject I tried to define the subject of the crime of murder. The fourth chapter is devoted to the classification of crimes of murder and manslaughter under the valid Criminal Code and to comparison of new and old conception of these crimes arising from the new and the old Criminal Codes valid in the Czech republic. The following chapter is focused on the crime of murder. In this chapter I...
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Causes of property criminality of children and teenagers and possibilities of its prevention in the view of education and pedagogy
Laudát, Jaroslav ; Kohnová, Jana (advisor) ; Braun, Richard (referee)
This thesis is focused on property crimes committed by minors and juvenile offenders. We try to find out the reasons for committing the crime and the influence of the initial social status of minors and young offenders. The aim is also to determine whether it is true generally accepted that the offenders of property crime among children and teenagers are mostly individuals coming from excluded and disadvantaged sections of society. And also to think about the possibilities of prevention of these acts of educational and pedagogical point of view. Because prevention is certainly one of the most important things in the fight against child crime. The thesis also shows the figures of the Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic, which document the development of child and adolescent crime whithin last five years.
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The Influence of Urban Closed Circuit TV on Crime: a Case Study of Palmovka
Vávra, Michal ; Jíchová, Jana (advisor) ; Temelová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the effectiveness of open street closed circuit television (CCTV) in reducing crime, as installed in Palmovka, Prague. The main aim is to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of CCTV in a place with increased incidence of illegal activity (disturbing public order and the commitment of certain crimes). The theses furthermore evaluates the preventive effect of CCTV devices and their contribution to the detection of illegal activity by police authorities. To obtain the results, a method of semi-structured interviews with local police officers and analysis of police crime data was used. The research showed that after installing CCTV the number of crimes decreased, but the expectations of the general preventive effect were not met. The main merit for the reduction in crime may be attributed to other established security measures. Nevertheless, these systems have proved very helpful in improving investigation of crime and taken records serve as useful evidence in criminal proceedings. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Economics of Crime: Rational Offender and Moral Costs of Crime
Šilar, Milan ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (advisor) ; Gregor, Martin (referee)
Main weakness of economics of crime is that it focuses on rational offender who is isolated from society. This thesis gives overview of game theory models, which take into account possible reactions of other actors to offender`s actions. I show that some variables of crime are dependent on individual`s social environment and I analyze them using moral costs of crime, where some gains and losses from crime are interconnected between people. Two own models are presented. First model deals with aggregated crime with significant role of moral costs of crime. Second model is a modification of Inspection game which includes moral costs of crime and is than modeled using evolutionary game theory. Result of first model is higher volatility of crime than in standard models of rational offender. Crime is maximally volatile in time in the second model. There is a critical level of moral costs of crime and after reaching this level, assumptions of inspection game are violated and society converges to state with zero crime. It is demonstrated on both models that crime is a self- propagating phenomenon, because of social interactions.
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