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Design of FPGA Development Kit
Zach, Petr ; Levek, Vladimír (referee) ; Fujcik, Lukáš (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the design of a FPGA development kit for the development and implementation of logic circuits. The first chapter describes the various types of programmable logic devices and compares their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the first chapter also describes the most common configurations of programmable logic devices and compares them to each other. The second chapter provides an in-depth description of the 7 series Xilinx FPGA architecture. The third chapter describes the design of the development kit and the programming device. Furthermore, the third chapter summarizes the available resources of the used FPGA as well as the devices and ports that are part of the development kit, and compares the development kit to other development kits available on the market. The final chapter outlines the process of producing and testing a development kit prototype.
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Altered morphology of white and grey matter in patients with Alzheimer disease and Schizophrenia on MRI
Lahutsina, Anastasiya ; Zach, Petr (advisor) ; Horáček, Jiří (referee) ; Němcová, Veronika (referee)
Cortical folding of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), particularly the cingulate (CS) and the paracingulate (PCS) sulci, represents a neurodevelopmental marker. Deviations in in utero development in schizophrenia can be traced using CS and PCS morphometry. In the present study, we measured the length of CS, PCS, and their segments on T1 MRI scans in 93 patients with first episode schizophrenia and 42 healthy controls. Besides the length, the frequency and the left-right asymmetry of CS/PCS were compared in patients and controls. Distribution of the CS and PCS morphotypes in patients was different from controls. Parcellated sulcal pattern CS3a in the left hemisphere was longer in patients (53.8 ± 25.7 mm vs. 32.7 ± 19.4 mm in controls, p < 0.05), while in CS3c it was reversed-longer in controls (52.5 ± 22.5 mm as opposed to 36.2 ± 12.9 mm, n.s. in patients). Non parcellated PCS in the right hemisphere were longer in patients compared to controls (19.4 ± 10.2 mm vs. 12.1 ± 12.4 mm, p < 0.001). Therefore, concurrent presence of PCS1 and CS1 in the left hemisphere and to some extent in the right hemisphere may be suggestive of a higher probability of schizophrenia. Measurement of an hippocampal area or volume is useful in clinical practice as a supportive aid for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease....
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Design and Development of a Hardware Accelerator of Demanding Computations with Multiple FPGAs
Zach, Petr ; Levek, Vladimír (referee) ; Šťáva, Martin (advisor)
This master's thesis focuses on the design and development of a printed circuit board with multiple FPGA connected by a high-speed bus. The goal of the project is to design and develop a board that will be able to accelerate calculations of demanding algorithms in various applications such as image processing, machine learning, cryptography, and other algorithms from the field of digital signal processing. The first chapter introduces the field of hardware acceleration, focusing on the characteristics of chips used in this field and comparing them. The second chapter examines the possibilities of hardware accelerators on the market. The third chapter describes the conceptual design of a custom hardware accelerator. First, the conceptual design is introduced, explaining the structure of the device. Subsequently, the design of the prototype of this device and its implementation on a PCB are described in detail.
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The influence of morphometric changes of gray and white matter on brain functional connectivity in schizophrenia
Görnerová, Natálie ; Horáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee) ; Filip, Pavel (referee)
More than a century has passed since a clear definition for schizophrenia was established, yet, the etiology, neuropathological and pathophysiological mechanisms of this psychiatric disorder still, to a large extent, remain to be elucidated. In the theoretical part of this dissertation, we review current classification and pathophysiology of schizophrenia, paying a particular attention to the findings from structural and functional imaging techniques. These techniques demonstrate that patients with schizophrenia tend to have reduced volume of grey matter, reduced integrity of white matter and a disrupted inter-regional functional connectivity (FC). The temporal association between structural changes, already detectable on imaging before symptoms appear, and development of disrupted FC remains to be uncovered. At the same time, current knowledge does not fully explain the link between disrupted FC and disturbed experience of self-awareness, a core symptom of schizophrenia. In addition, it is necessary to develop novel effective methods to prevent relapse and prevent the progression of neurobiological changes in the brain. In the practical part of this dissertation, we designed a study with three different groups of subjects aiming to fulfil three key aims that would help us to fill the gaps in...
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Astrocytic changes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Kulijewicz-Nawrot, Magdalena ; Syková, Eva (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
1. SUMMARY: In this thesis we reported astrocytic atrophy characterized by a reduction in the surface area and volume of GFAP-positive glial cells in the prefrontal cortex of 3xTg-AD mice - an important morphological alteration starting far before any well known histopathological hallmark of AD. This change is present in parallel with homeostatic failure suggested by the decreased expression of GS. Those alterations can have drastic effects on brain connectivity and the biochemistry of the main neurotransmitters within the brain, such as glutamate and GABA. GFAP is implicated in a variety of processes, such as cell migration and proliferation, neurite outgrowth, astrocytic glutamate transporter expression (GLAST and GLT-1) and synaptic plasticity, so that every change can shift the astrocytes' role from physiology to pathology. In the case of affected GFAP-IR astrocytes, the withdrawal of processes from neurons and synapses can lead to a severe transmission crush, due to the uncontrolled spillover of the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft, inadequate metabolic support and the lack of a physiological barrier between the affected synapse and other synapses in its close vicinity. This will directly disturb the reciprocal connections between the affected brain regions, inluding the important structures...
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Mesenchymai stromal celis and biological scaffoids for neural tissue regeneration
Kočí, Zuzana ; Zach, Petr (referee)
Despite tremendous progress in medicine, injuries of the adult central neural system remain without satisfactory solution. Regenerative medicine employs tissue engineering, cellular therapies, medical devices, gene therapy, or growth factors with the aim to bridge the lesion, re-establish lost connections and enhance endogenous repair in order to restore neural function. The aim of my thesis was to evaluate therapeutic potential of two approaches, transplantation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and biological scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) for neural regeneration, particularly in models of spinal cord injury (SCI). First, hMSCs from various sources - bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT) and Wharton's jelly (WJ) - were isolated and characterized in vitro. All cell types met the minimal criteria for MSC phenotype and displayed similar properties in terms of their surface marker expression, differentiation potential, migratory capacity, and secretion of cytokines and growth factors. On the other hand, the cell yield from WJ and AT was significantly higher, and MSCs isolated from these tissues proliferated better than from BM. Therapeutic effect of intrathecal application of hWJ-MSCs was then evaluated in SCI compression model in rats. The effect of low (0.5 million) and...
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Mesenchymal stromal cells and biological scaffolds for neural tissue regeneration
Kočí, Zuzana ; Kubinová, Šárka (advisor) ; Filová, Eva (referee) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
Despite tremendous progress in medicine, injuries of the adult central neural system remain without satisfactory solution. Regenerative medicine employs tissue engineering, cellular therapies, medical devices, gene therapy, or growth factors with the aim to bridge the lesion, re-establish lost connections and enhance endogenous repair in order to restore neural function. The aim of my thesis was to evaluate therapeutic potential of two approaches, transplantation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and biological scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) for neural regeneration, particularly in models of spinal cord injury (SCI). First, hMSCs from various sources - bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT) and Wharton's jelly (WJ) - were isolated and characterized in vitro. All cell types met the minimal criteria for MSC phenotype and displayed similar properties in terms of their surface marker expression, differentiation potential, migratory capacity, and secretion of cytokines and growth factors. On the other hand, the cell yield from WJ and AT was significantly higher, and MSCs isolated from these tissues proliferated better than from BM. Therapeutic effect of intrathecal application of hWJ-MSCs was then evaluated in SCI compression model in rats. The effect of low (0.5 million) and...
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Brain Activation Sequences
Šusta, Marek ; Šonka, Karel (advisor) ; Krajča, Vladimír (referee) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
Brain Activation Sequences Abstract INTRODUCTION: This research goes beyond the EEG source localization up to the field of brain connectivity in an attempt to create software tool that eases diagnostic procedures in selected nosologic units by discriminating between patients and healthy controls. METHODS: Experiment 1 - a group of 26 adult patients (14 male, 12 female) suffering from NC and 10 adult controls (5 male, 5 female) participated in the experiment. The experiment contained audio recordings designed to trigger laughter in participants during the EEG recording. Experiment 2 - twenty eight female inpatients diagnosed with ED and ten healthy controls were selected and presented with various stimuli while the EEG was recorded. The Brain Activation Sequences method, applied to all recordings, utilizes nonlinear differential model structure to calculate final output sequence of the brain locations involved substantially in the stimulus processing. RESULTS: Experiment 1 - the BAS results show statistically significant differences in activity between patients and controls namely in gyrus orbitalis, rectus, occipitalis inferior (right), occipitalis medius (right), paracentralis, cinguli, cuneus (right) and parahippocampalis (left). Experiment 2 - the results confirm significant differences in processing the...
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