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The Role of Bmp4 and Bmp8b proteins in genesis of mouse primordial germ cells
Vegrichtová, Markéta ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Petelák, Aleš (referee)
Primordial germ cells are precursors of sexual breeding organisms. For induction of their formation are necessary growth factors from extraembryonic ectoderm. There are key proteins BMP4 a BMP8b among these factors. These proteins form both homodimers and heterodimers and through receptor complexes and SMAD proteins are indicating the competent cells of proximal epiblast, which give rise to the primordial germ cells and other structures of embryonic mezoderm. Although BMP4 and BMP8b proteins signal similarly, they are mutually indispensable and though for induction of primordial germ cells are both necessary. Up to now, it was proposed several models of their interaction, but not yet completely accurate.
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The role of desmin in a heart
Šeovićová, Maja ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Vegrichtová, Markéta (referee)
Desmin forms a muscle specific intermediate filament which participates in a formation of a dynamic intracellular network that links contractile apparatus with a sarcolemma, mitochondria and it provides a communication with a cell nucleus. This network serves to maintain morphological and functional aspects of muscle cells and cell organelles during a muscle contraction. Mutation in a desmin or an absence of desmin is causing a serious disease called desminopathy, which belongs among a group of myofibrillar myopathies. This disease manifests itself in all muscle types, however first observable defects occur in cardiac mitochondria, thus heart is a first organ manifesting symptoms of this disease. The purpose of this thesis was to summarize a current knowledge about physiological and molecular mechanisms that involved in a formation of intracellular desmin network and about patho-physiological states of desminopathies. Key words: desmin, intermediate filaments, heart, desminopathy, cardiomyopathy
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Preparation of Xenopus tropicalis transgenic testicular stem cell culture.
Vegrichtová, Markéta ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Drobná Krejčí, Eliška (referee)
Testicular stem cells (TSCs) are relatively accessible potential source of pluripotent cells, which are particularly important for their application in regenerative medicine. Xenopus tropicalis is a useful model organism to study the migration and differentiation potential of stem cells. This amphibian is characteristic by outer fecundation and embryonic development of a great amount of embryos after fertilization. Oocytes and embryos are large enough (about 1 mm) to be suitable for micromanipulation micromanipulations. Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague succeeded in the establishment of a mixed cell culture of TSCs growing on feeder layer of pre- Sertoli cells. This culture was derived from the testes of juvenile Xenopus tropicalis male. In the study of their differentiation potential it was found, that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is the decisive factor allowing rapid proliferation of stem cells and their forming into characteristic colonies. This protein is produced by both types of cells which are present in the culture. The mouse LIF has the same positive effect on the proliferative potential of stem cells, which points at the evolutionary conservation of metabolic pathways associated with the maintenance of the stemness. RT-PCR analysis...
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Induction of left-right asymmetric gene expression by extracellular fluid flow in ventral node
Šimková, Kateřina ; Vegrichtová, Markéta (advisor) ; Mašek, Jan (referee)
Left-right asymmetry determines the orientation of visceral organs during gastrulation in the mouse embryo. The asymmetry originates in ventral node which is located on the anterior end of primitive streak. Cells of the ventral node possess motile nodal cilia. These cilia rotate and generate leftward flow of extra-embryonic fluid. The leftward flow initiates asymmetric expression of Nodal signalling pathways in nodal cells. Abnormal nodal flow and the interruption of asymmetric gene expression cause reversal arrangement of visceral organs, called situs inversus. The mechanosensing and chemosensing models are the main theories addressing the question of how the leftward nodal flow is sensed by nodal cilia. The mechanosensing model, also referred to as 'two cilia model', is based on two types of cilia, motile and immotile. Motile cilia generate nodal flow while immotile cilia act as mechanosensors with polycystin cation channels. According to the chemosensing model, morphogens are secreted and form gradient that induces asymmetric gene expression in the node. It is still unclear which model is the right one, but it is possible that the final model is combination of both.
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The role of desmin in a heart
Šeovićová, Maja ; Horníková, Daniela (advisor) ; Vegrichtová, Markéta (referee)
Desmin forms a muscle specific intermediate filament which participates in a formation of a dynamic intracellular network that links contractile apparatus with a sarcolemma, mitochondria and it provides a communication with a cell nucleus. This network serves to maintain morphological and functional aspects of muscle cells and cell organelles during a muscle contraction. Mutation in a desmin or an absence of desmin is causing a serious disease called desminopathy, which belongs among a group of myofibrillar myopathies. This disease manifests itself in all muscle types, however first observable defects occur in cardiac mitochondria, thus heart is a first organ manifesting symptoms of this disease. The purpose of this thesis was to summarize a current knowledge about physiological and molecular mechanisms that involved in a formation of intracellular desmin network and about patho-physiological states of desminopathies. Key words: desmin, intermediate filaments, heart, desminopathy, cardiomyopathy
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Interspecies transplantations of embryonic germ cels in fish
Fučíková, Michaela ; Pšenička, Martin (advisor) ; Vegrichtová, Markéta (referee)
Primordial gonocytes (PGC) are embryonic germ cells and they are precursors of sperm cells and oocytes. We can identify, isolate and grow them in cell's culture. We can store them in a frozen state in liquid nitrogen for long term. We can transplant these cells into recipient of the same or a close related species, which is sterile in the ideal case. The cells which are transplanted can develop in recipient's body so this recipient can produce the donor's gametes after maturation. Such individual is called germline chimera. The manipulation with germ cells can provide several benefits, for example preservation of germ cells from endangered or valuable species/stains in a gene bank. Or we can shorten generation interval that is convenient for late adolescent species in a case of appropriately chosen recipient. The aim of this thesis is to summarize knowledge about fish PGCs and a possible using of these cells for transplantations. Keywords: primordial gonocytes, germ stem cells, germline chimera, transplantation, surrogate parents
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Preparation of Xenopus tropicalis transgenic testicular stem cell culture.
Vegrichtová, Markéta ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Drobná Krejčí, Eliška (referee)
Testicular stem cells (TSCs) are relatively accessible potential source of pluripotent cells, which are particularly important for their application in regenerative medicine. Xenopus tropicalis is a useful model organism to study the migration and differentiation potential of stem cells. This amphibian is characteristic by outer fecundation and embryonic development of a great amount of embryos after fertilization. Oocytes and embryos are large enough (about 1 mm) to be suitable for micromanipulation micromanipulations. Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague succeeded in the establishment of a mixed cell culture of TSCs growing on feeder layer of pre- Sertoli cells. This culture was derived from the testes of juvenile Xenopus tropicalis male. In the study of their differentiation potential it was found, that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is the decisive factor allowing rapid proliferation of stem cells and their forming into characteristic colonies. This protein is produced by both types of cells which are present in the culture. The mouse LIF has the same positive effect on the proliferative potential of stem cells, which points at the evolutionary conservation of metabolic pathways associated with the maintenance of the stemness. RT-PCR analysis...
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The Role of Bmp4 and Bmp8b proteins in genesis of mouse primordial germ cells
Vegrichtová, Markéta ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Petelák, Aleš (referee)
Primordial germ cells are precursors of sexual breeding organisms. For induction of their formation are necessary growth factors from extraembryonic ectoderm. There are key proteins BMP4 a BMP8b among these factors. These proteins form both homodimers and heterodimers and through receptor complexes and SMAD proteins are indicating the competent cells of proximal epiblast, which give rise to the primordial germ cells and other structures of embryonic mezoderm. Although BMP4 and BMP8b proteins signal similarly, they are mutually indispensable and though for induction of primordial germ cells are both necessary. Up to now, it was proposed several models of their interaction, but not yet completely accurate.
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