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Innovatice Methods in the Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea
Kostlivý, Tomáš ; Slouka, David (advisor) ; Kučera, Radek (referee) ; Šlapák, Ivo (referee)
With the development of diagnostics and the whole field of somnology in the 1970s, the diagnosis of sleep apnea was defined among sleep disorders. Obstructive sleep apnea is its most common type with the highest prevalence, affecting up to 1/3 of the adult population. The disease is characterized by obstruction of the upper airways during sleep, leading to apneic pauses. The final consequence is the development of a number of comorbidities mainly of the cardiovascular system. Not yet fully clarified pathophysiological mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, endothelial dysfunction and others. Diagnosis is multidisciplinary, involving otorhinolaryngological examination of the upper respiratory tract and sleep monitoring, which is demanding in terms of technical equipment, time and experience. Therapy is predominantly conservative, involving lifestyle measures, weight reduction and continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Surgical therapy consists of anatomical widening or removal of the obstruction at various levels of the upper airway. The difficulty of diagnosis has encouraged the search for alternative diagnostic methods that could be used for screening the disease or monitoring the effect of treatment. One possibility is to find a sufficiently sensitive and specific...
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Sleep-dicordered Breathing at Risk Pregnancies
Hudecová, Jana ; Slouka, David (advisor) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee) ; Měchurová, Alena (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to highlight the severity of sleep-disordered breathing at risk pregnancies, as these disorders have a high share on the occurrence of cardiovascular problems at a later age. In the group of high-risk pregnant patients, breathing disorders in sleep lead to higher morbidity of patient as well as newborns. Currently, there are increasing risk factors in the population of pregnant women. Risk factors for the development of OSAS, which are examined in detail in this thesis in pregnant women, include BMI, age, pregestational and gestational hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the findings of the risk pregnancies. The most serious unit is preeclampsia. For that reason, the greatest attention within high- risk pregnancies is aimed to the incidency, ethiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia. Furthermore, the theoretical part includes findings related to sleep- disordered breathing and focuses on OSAS and its health complications. In the special part of the thesis, there is an assessment of results regarding risk pregnant women with the presence of OSAS and without present OSAS. Keywords Preeclampsia, hypertension, OSAS, pregnancy, risk factors
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Use of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology
Sláma, Karel ; Slouka, David (advisor) ; Betka, Jan (referee) ; Holubec, Luboš (referee)
Dissertation work: Using of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology The aim of this dissertation is to introduce the use of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology. The theoretical part deals with the description of robotic devices and their use. This part is divided into several chapters: the invention of robots, its development and its usage in medicine. The theoretical part also deals with specifications, safety and main principles of controlling. It also includes the description of the most commonly used robotic system in medicine - the daVinci system. Furthermore, the theoretical part explains, how robots are used in otorhinolaryngology and other surgery fields including the preparation and practical procedures in a robotic operation. The other part describes specific indication criteria for transoral robotic surgery (TORS) including extended uses in otorhinolaryngology, especially in transaxillary thyroidectomy. The special part contains the evaluation of resulting data from a group of otorhinolaryngology patients with T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of base of tongue and supraglottis who were operated on robotically in comparison to traditional open surgery procedures. Key words Robot, use in medicine, da Vinci system, use in otorhinolaryngology
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Laser radiation in minimally invasive medicine
Slouka, David ; Slípka, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Betka, Jan (referee) ; Vostracký, Zdeněk (referee)
Introduction. The development trend of modern medicine is minimal invasiveness while maintaining sufficient radicality . This is aided by a great deal of new knowledge, revolutionary technical achievements and work approaches. Examples of this are numerous - an excimer laser for myopia, radio frequency thermoablation in the treatment of liver metastases, the use of a harmonic scalpel in endoscopic or open surgery. These are all examples where minimum damage is incurred on the "way" to a treating an organ with the same radicalism as with traditional surgery. The ultrasonic knife and radiofrequency thermotherapy have entered medicine in a multidisciplinary way, which, however, remains incomparable with the expansit of the phenomenon called laser. Lasers bring together a group of devices with very diverse characteristics, enabling applications in many fields of medicine. Wavelength defined by an active medium, coherence, collimation and monochromaticity predisposes lasers to a single technically unique selective influence of various tissues with their great energy. This enables a device belonging to a group of lasers to crush kidney stones, as well as evaporate a cornea or cut enamel. Objectives of the work. Our objective was to determine the benefits of laser medicine to minimize invasiveness in...
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Clinical-pathological correlations of immunohistochemical and molecular classification of salivary duct carcinoma.
Andrle, Pavel ; Skálová, Alena (advisor) ; Stárek, Ivo (referee) ; Slouka, David (referee)
Thesis is focused on correlation of immunohistochemical, molecular genetic and clinical features of salivary duct carcinomas. Clinicopathological and follow-up information of 29 patients originally diagnosed as SDC who were treated at Faculty Hospital in Plzen from 1987 to 2018, were collected. Clinical findings: The patient group comprised 22 males and 4 females, aged between 24-95 years with a mean age at diagnosis of 66 years and median of 64 years. at stage IV . 54 % patients were diagnosed at cervical metastasis and 58 % had tumor T3 or T4. Five-year survival rate was 33%. Immunohistochemical and molecular findings: After analysis of immunohistochemical results, the SDC cases were classified according to revised classification into five subtypes (Apocrine A (AR+/HER2-/MIB1-low); Apocrine B (AR+/HER2-/MIB1-high); Apocrine HER2 (AR+/HER2+); HER2-enriched (AR-/HER2+); and double negative (AR-/HER2-). Apocrine HER2 and HER2 enriched subtypes were significantly associated with lower OS (p < 0.05). NGS analysis revealed one case harboring an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, therefore it was reclassified as a high-grade secretory carcinoma. Five likely pathogenic mutations were detected in 5 SDC cases (HRAS: c.182A>G p.Gln61Arg, 2x HRAS: c.37G>C p.Gly13Arg, AKT1: c.49G>A p.Glu17Lys, PTEN c.1003C>T p.Arg335Ter)....
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Non-fiction literature in Czech online media in years 2015 to 2018
Slouka, David ; Halada, Jan (advisor) ; Čeňková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on non-fiction literature in Czech online media during years 2015 to 2018. Objective of this thesis is to look if, and how, is non-fiction literature present in Czech online media. To accomplish this objective, analysis of popular Czech digital journalism websites is carried out alongside the use of two popular search engines from Google.cz and Seznam,cz. Besides this main objective, the unique variant of non-fiction literature specific for Czech Republic, the so-called "literatura faktu" or "literature of (a) fact(s)", is better defined both as a concept and as a term. Chapters 1 to 3 are striving to find a better definition of non-fiction literature in Czech Republic, but they also concentrate on history of non-fiction in Czechia and Czechoslovakia and on its differences and similarities with Anglo-Saxon and international non-fiction. Fourth chapter of the thesis focuses on analysis and methodology used to find relevant research results. The fifth, sixth and seventh chapters are thoroughly investigating Czech internet to find results for non-fiction literature, while the eight chapter is summarizing all found information. Along with Summary itself, it puts newfound knowledge in context.
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Use of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology
Sláma, Karel ; Slouka, David (advisor) ; Betka, Jan (referee) ; Holubec, Luboš (referee)
Dissertation work: Using of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology The aim of this dissertation is to introduce the use of robotic surgery in otorhinolaryngology. The theoretical part deals with the description of robotic devices and their use. This part is divided into several chapters: the invention of robots, its development and its usage in medicine. The theoretical part also deals with specifications, safety and main principles of controlling. It also includes the description of the most commonly used robotic system in medicine - the daVinci system. Furthermore, the theoretical part explains, how robots are used in otorhinolaryngology and other surgery fields including the preparation and practical procedures in a robotic operation. The other part describes specific indication criteria for transoral robotic surgery (TORS) including extended uses in otorhinolaryngology, especially in transaxillary thyroidectomy. The special part contains the evaluation of resulting data from a group of otorhinolaryngology patients with T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of base of tongue and supraglottis who were operated on robotically in comparison to traditional open surgery procedures. Key words Robot, use in medicine, da Vinci system, use in otorhinolaryngology
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Laser radiation in minimally invasive medicine
Slouka, David ; Slípka, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Betka, Jan (referee) ; Vostracký, Zdeněk (referee)
Introduction. The development trend of modern medicine is minimal invasiveness while maintaining sufficient radicality . This is aided by a great deal of new knowledge, revolutionary technical achievements and work approaches. Examples of this are numerous - an excimer laser for myopia, radio frequency thermoablation in the treatment of liver metastases, the use of a harmonic scalpel in endoscopic or open surgery. These are all examples where minimum damage is incurred on the "way" to a treating an organ with the same radicalism as with traditional surgery. The ultrasonic knife and radiofrequency thermotherapy have entered medicine in a multidisciplinary way, which, however, remains incomparable with the expansit of the phenomenon called laser. Lasers bring together a group of devices with very diverse characteristics, enabling applications in many fields of medicine. Wavelength defined by an active medium, coherence, collimation and monochromaticity predisposes lasers to a single technically unique selective influence of various tissues with their great energy. This enables a device belonging to a group of lasers to crush kidney stones, as well as evaporate a cornea or cut enamel. Objectives of the work. Our objective was to determine the benefits of laser medicine to minimize invasiveness in...
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