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10-year monitoring of oxidative stress in people professionally exposed to nanoparticles using non-invasive methods
Pelclová, D. ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Elemental contents were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM /EDS). The total particle number concentration \nranged from 1.98x104 to 5.4x105/cm3 and the nanoparticle fraction was 40-95%. Panels of oxidative stress biomarkers in the form of lipids, nucleic acids and protein damage were analyzed in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), plasma and urine pre-shift and post-shift using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS /MS). Markers for oxidation of lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins in EBC and plasma were already elevated in pre-shift samples (p < 0.05) of workers compared to controls and showed additional post-shift elevation. The best time to collect all samples is post-shift at the end of the work week. Then, markers of oxidative stress in all three \nbiological fluids, including urine, reflect both acute (cross-shift) and chronic effects of exposure.
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Personal exposure measurement during dental nanocomposite grinding
Ždímal, Vladimír ; Ondráčková, Lucie ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Bradna, P. ; Roubíčková, A. ; Pelclová, D. ; Rössnerová, Andrea
The purpose of this study was to measure the personal exposure of each participant of the study and to compare the results with those of static monitoring. Personal nanoparticle sam-plers (PENS), which can simultaneously detect both nanoparticles (PM0.1) and respirable parti-cles (PMA), were used to determine personal exposure (Tsai et al., 2012). Area monitoring in-cluded measurement of mass concentrations using the Berner Low Pressure Impactor (BLPI 25/0.018 /2, Hauke GmbH, Gmunden, Austria) and the Low Volume Sampler (LV5, Sven Leckel Ingenieurbüro GmbH, Germany). The number concentrations and their size distributions were measured with the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (5MP5 3936, T5I Inc., USA) and the Aerody-namic Particle Sizer (APS 3321, TSI Inc., USA). Measurements with all of the above- mentioned instruments were performed in four shifts with six participants per shift. Each participant milled for 10 minutes and then remained in the room until the group finished the session, so the total exposure lasted about 70 minutes. Due to the high content of filler nanoparticles, the nanocom-posite Filtek Ultimate (body A2, 3M ESPE, USA) was selected for these measurements.
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Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Researches Exposed to Nanoparticles by Inhalation During the Handling of Nanocomposites.
Pelclová, D. ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Komarc, M. ; Vlčková, Š. ; Fenclová, Z. ; Lischková, L. ; Dvořáčková, Š. ; Rössnerová, Andrea ; Rössner ml., Pavel
At present, little is known about the health effects in the workers processing nanocomposites. In our study, 20 researchers (41.8 +/- 11.4 y/o), handling nanocomposites for 17.8 +/- 10.0 years were examined pre-shift and post-shift, together with 21 controls (42.7 +/- 11.5 y/o). Biomarkers of oxidative stress derived from lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and markers of inflammation were analyzed in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Aerosol exposure was monitored during three nanoparticle generation operations: smelting, welding and nanocomposite machining. Mass concentrations during these operations ranged from 0.120 to 1.840 mg/m(3), and median particle number concentrations from 4.8x10(4) to 5.4x10(5) particles/cm(3). Nanoparticles accounted for 40 to 95 % of particles, with Fe and Mn prevailing. Significant elevations were already seen in most oxidative stress markers and in several inflammation markers in the pre-shift samples relative to the controls. Significant associations were found between working in nanocomposite synthesis and the majority of EBC biomarkers. Chronic bronchitis was more frequent in researchers. A minor, but significant post-shift decrease of lung function parameters was found. We conclude that workers in nanocomposite synthesis may be at risk of developing airway disorders with time. From all the markers analyzed in EBC, the following markers were most robust and could be recommended for preventive examinations: 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU) from nucleic acids, o-tyrosine (o-Tyr) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr) from proteins, and malondialdehyde and aldehydes C6-C13 from lipids. Among the markers of inflammation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and leukotriene B4 appeared to be the most useful.
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Křenová, Martina ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of our study was to evaluate the severity of hepatic and kidney damage retrospectively in the years between 2000 and 2004 with a focus on their reversibility, and to analyse the prognostic factors following Amanita phalloides (Am. ph., mainly hepatotoxic agent) and ethylene glycol (EG, nephrotoxic liquid) based on the calls made to the Czech Toxicological Information Centre and analyses made by toxicological laboratories. Analysis relied on data from medical records. A variety of clinical and laboratory parameters were collected. Fisher's test, Student's t-test and the calculation of linear correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Twenty-four of 206 case-patients with EG intoxication were children. Fifty of 158 adult patients who survived, developed signs of nephrotoxicity. In 19 patients renal function normalized up to one month following the intoxication. Total 21 patients were followed-up as out-patients. Renal function completely recovered in 13 patients during 6 months and in three patients during 8-24 moths following the intoxication. The serum creatinine level was only mild elevated (119 |imol/l) in other two patients. However, their follow-up finished. In three patients renal damage persisted, serum creatinine level 138-200 (imol/1, in 19-26 months after discharge from...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Klusáčková, Pavlína ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Hajduková, Zdeňka (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Early diagnosis of occupational asthma is important especially for the prognosis of this disease. The confirmation of the diagnosis of occupational asthma is sometimes difficult using diagnostic methods available nowadays. That is why searching new methods is very important. Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry enables the separate detection of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) - LTC4, LTD4, LTE4; LTB4 and 8-isoprostane. If patients with occupational asthma and controls were compared, only LTC4 was significantly higher among all EBC parameters studied in asthmatics (despite corticosteroid treatment). This marker could be used in the future diagnostics. Monitoring of 24-hours variability of EBC parameters in patients, in whom occupational asthma is suspected, showed relatively high intraindividual and interindividual variation. It is evident therefore, that if only one daily measurement in asthmatics would be possible (which is common in articles of several authors), it should be collected in the same period of day in all persons. In negative bronchoprovocation tests significant changes of EBC parameters were not found. The evaluation of positive bronchoprovocation tests was limited by small number of patients, however in five persons from six, the...
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Toxicovigilance of accidents with household chemical products in the Czech Republic.
Mrázová, Karolina ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee) ; Brhel, Petr (referee)
1 Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the numbers, severity and causes of accidents, occurring in the households due to the cleaning products. Among the groups of potentially dangerous cleaning products, the highest proportion of accidents was caused by cleaning products containing sodium hypochloride (37 %), descalers containing acids (29 %) and dishwasher tablets (25 %). A lower percentage of inquiries appeared due to hydroxides containing drain cleaning products (7 %). In the year 2009, there were 251 inquiries to the Toxicological Information Centre due to cleaning products in defined categories studied. Among them, there were 133 children and 118 adult patients, who ingested cleaning product accidentally (86%) or for suicidal purposes (3%); inhaled (9%) or had an eye contact with the product (2%). There were 23% children and 27% adults hospitalized; the children most frequently due to accidental ingestion of hydroxides (92%), the adults due to the inhalation of irritant vapors (64%). Among them 14% children (86% due to the ingestion of cleaning products containing hydroxides) have been examined using the endoscopy (in the total anesthesia), in addition to 5% adults. The study has shown that the most common cause of the accidents in children is the distraction of the adults; nevertheless, the...
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The prevalence of contact sensitization in children in the Czech Republic
Machovcová, Alena ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Vantuchová, Yvetta (referee) ; Cetkovská, Petra (referee)
Background The frequency of allergic contact dermatitis in children is not as negligible as had been originally thought. During the last decades, many reports have been published abroad concerning allergic contact dermatitis in children. However, the data about the Czech Republic were lacking. Aim of study The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of contact sensitization to the allergens of European baseline series in unselected child population. Material and Methods A group of 236 unselected schoolchildren aged between 6 and 16 years were patch tested with European baseline series in the years 2005 - 2006. Patch tests were evaluated in 218 (114 boys, 104 girls) according to the criteria of International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Results One or more positive reactions had 67 children (30.7%). The top allergens in children were nickel sulfate, neomycin sulfate, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru) and fragrance mix I. Conclusion Results of patch tests in unselected set of Czech children are not very satisfactory. They indicate that the incidence of contact hypersensitivity in children is relatively frequent. It appears that the patch tests in the Czech Republic are not carried out on all children in whom they should be performed....
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Diagnostics of new occupational diseases -prevention of new work-related disorders
Laštovková, Andrea ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Petrovová, Markéta (referee) ; Seifert, Bohumil (referee)
6 ABSTRACT Background The existence of risks of new work-related disorders and occupational diseases in the society is constantly increasing in relation to the fast and continuous development of working conditions, techniques used, materials and overall acceleration of the working pace. Aim of the study The aim of the study is to analyse new risks in the working environment and to evaluate early diagnostic possibilities of new occupational diseases including their prevention. The study also compares the current situation in this field in the Czech Republic and other European countries. Materials and methods The doctoral dissertation is a multiple manuscript thesis focusing on one common topic - new occupational diseases. The first publication studied the acknowledgement of low-back pain disease caused by overload as an occupational disease. Specialists from European countries were inquired via questionnaire focusing on diagnostic and evaluation criteria of this disease in their countries. Representatives from countries acknowledging low-back pain diseases caused by overload provided further evaluation criteria and number of cases. Correspondingly, the second publication studied the evaluation of burnout syndrome as an occupational disease. Representatives from countries acknowledging the burnout syndrome as...
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Toxicovigilance of accidents with household chemical products in the Czech Republic.
Mrázová, Karolina ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee) ; Brhel, Petr (referee)
1 Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the numbers, severity and causes of accidents, occurring in the households due to the cleaning products. Among the groups of potentially dangerous cleaning products, the highest proportion of accidents was caused by cleaning products containing sodium hypochloride (37 %), descalers containing acids (29 %) and dishwasher tablets (25 %). A lower percentage of inquiries appeared due to hydroxides containing drain cleaning products (7 %). In the year 2009, there were 251 inquiries to the Toxicological Information Centre due to cleaning products in defined categories studied. Among them, there were 133 children and 118 adult patients, who ingested cleaning product accidentally (86%) or for suicidal purposes (3%); inhaled (9%) or had an eye contact with the product (2%). There were 23% children and 27% adults hospitalized; the children most frequently due to accidental ingestion of hydroxides (92%), the adults due to the inhalation of irritant vapors (64%). Among them 14% children (86% due to the ingestion of cleaning products containing hydroxides) have been examined using the endoscopy (in the total anesthesia), in addition to 5% adults. The study has shown that the most common cause of the accidents in children is the distraction of the adults; nevertheless, the...
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