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Distributional impacts of meal vouchers
Röhryová, Lenka ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Pěkná, Martina (referee)
The thesis aims to analyze distributional impacts of meal voucher sys- tem in the Czech Republic, especially in the context of income inequality between different income groups. In the first part, we study the features of the Czech meal voucher scheme, relevant legislative framework and offer a comparison of the Czech meal voucher system with other European coun- tries. In the second part, we perform an analysis of the redistributive effects of meal allowances on various income deciles, quantify the impact of meal allowances tax exemption on the government budget and simulate replace- ment of current meal allowances by flat meal allowances according to several scenarios. Based on our analysis, the meal allowances tax relief represents burden of 11.3 bn Kč for the state budget. Our findings suggest that current form of meal allowances widens the income gap between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, within as well as across the income deciles. The affluent households receive meal allowances more frequently, and moreover, nomin- ally and proportionately higher. We believe a replacement of current meal allowances scheme by one with a flat meal allowances (using the constant budget) would promote income equality. Then, the lower deciles would be- nefit, due to higher share of individuals entitled to the meal...
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Audit quality in the Czech Republic
Pěkná, Martina ; Havel, Jiří (advisor) ; Hollmannová, Monika (referee)
Audit of statutory financial statements is mandatory for major part of big companies. Auditor ascertains the validity and reliability of information in the financial statements. Since stakeholders use financial statements for their decisions, quality of audit services is important for all users of financial statements. This thesis concerns about the quality of audit services in the Czech Republic. We focus on suppliers concentration on audit market using market concentration measures and based on these data we outline structure of audit market. Our findings suggest significant heterogeneity of supply side of audit market. We also examine the relationship between audit quality and cost of capital of audited companies when we expect that higher quality audit may decrease cost of capital of audited companies. For this purposes we build up unique data set of non- financial companies and design a model respecting the specifics of Czech financial market. Surprisingly, results are not consistent with those of existing research based on US and Chinese data when they suggest that there is no significant relationship between audit quality and cost of capital.
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Predictability of stock returns using financial ratios in Prague Stock Exchange
Brada, Jiří ; Pěkná, Martina (advisor) ; Benčík, Daniel (referee)
This paper studies whether financial ratios can predict stock return and change of indexes PX and PX-TR in Prague Stock Exchange for the period from 2008 to 2014. We select price to earnings ratio (PE), market to book ratio (MB), dividend yield (DY) and size of the company (S) as the explanatory variables because of its common application in investment practice. The obtained results indicate that above mentioned ratios have some predictive power, where the PE and MB ratios demonstrate the strongest relationship with the explained variables.
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Does work in non-profit sector pay off?
Kopeček, Martin ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Pěkná, Martina (referee)
This thesis examines the relation between working in a non-profit sector and subjective perception of happiness. The first part is dedicated to introduction and historical context of happiness. The second part examines various literature dedicated to this phenomenon. In the last part statistical regressions are estimated to prove or reject the correlation using data from US National Longitudinal Survey of Youths 1997. Most of the models render the relation as insignificant, from one model we get that people from low- income families tend to be happy all of the time less often when working in a non-profit organization. JEL Classification: I31, J01, J31, D03, L33 Keywords: happiness, non-profit, work, satisfaction Author's e-mail: martin.kopecek@e-klub.cz Supervisor's e-mail: chytilova@fsv.cuni.cz
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Predictability of stock returns using financial ratios in Prague Stock Exchange
Brada, Jiří ; Pěkná, Martina (advisor) ; Benčík, Daniel (referee)
This paper studies whether financial ratios can predict stock return and change of indexes PX and PX-TR in Prague Stock Exchange for the period from 2008 to 2014. We select price to earnings ratio (PE), market to book ratio (MB), dividend yield (DY) and size of the company (S) as the explanatory variables because of its common application in investment practice. The obtained results indicate that above mentioned ratios have some predictive power, where the PE and MB ratios demonstrate the strongest relationship with the explained variables.
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Decision-making under risk, betting
Herold, Martin ; Hlaváček, Jiří (advisor) ; Pěkná, Martina (referee)
The volume of money bet on the Czech market already exceeded one hundred billion and continues to increase. Therefore, the demand for relevant analysis concerning behaviour of players grows. This thesis aims to study decision making under risk in the environment of gambling and illuminates the discrepancies, provided risk averse consumers are the bettors. The thesis asks the question why people are willing to participate in games with negative expected value and what is their real motivation for gambling, what phenomena determine their view on betting opportunity and how they cope with theoretical models. The theoretical part focuses on existing models of decision making under risk theory and critically evaluates their ability to plausibly reflect reality. Consequently, models such as the expected value, expected utility and prospect theory are introduced, including other basic concepts. In the second section, socioeconomic determinants of player's behaviour are evaluated, improving expected utility theory. In the final section, the thesis demonstrates gathered evidence and possible improvements of the prospect theory model. Although conclusions are not unequivocal, the work provides a comprehensive insight into the utility theory and decision making under risk in an environment of betting.
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Distributional impacts of meal vouchers
Röhryová, Lenka ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Pěkná, Martina (referee)
The thesis aims to analyze distributional impacts of meal voucher sys- tem in the Czech Republic, especially in the context of income inequality between different income groups. In the first part, we study the features of the Czech meal voucher scheme, relevant legislative framework and offer a comparison of the Czech meal voucher system with other European coun- tries. In the second part, we perform an analysis of the redistributive effects of meal allowances on various income deciles, quantify the impact of meal allowances tax exemption on the government budget and simulate replace- ment of current meal allowances by flat meal allowances according to several scenarios. Based on our analysis, the meal allowances tax relief represents burden of 11.3 bn Kč for the state budget. Our findings suggest that current form of meal allowances widens the income gap between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, within as well as across the income deciles. The affluent households receive meal allowances more frequently, and moreover, nomin- ally and proportionately higher. We believe a replacement of current meal allowances scheme by one with a flat meal allowances (using the constant budget) would promote income equality. Then, the lower deciles would be- nefit, due to higher share of individuals entitled to the meal...
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Robust Investment Portfolios
Konfršt, Zdeněk ; Dědek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pěkná, Martina (referee)
Robust Investment Portfolios Zdeněk Konfršt Abstract This master's thesis pursues the construction of stable, robust and growth portfo- lios in active portfolio management. These portfolios provide limited downside risks, short-time drawdowns and substantial growth prospects. We argue that the construc- tion of such portfolios is based on security selection as well as on portfolio theory (the Mean-Variance Model, MVM). The equity based portfolios were constructed and tested on real market data from the 1995-2014 period. The tested portfolios outperformed the S&P 500 out of and within the risk-reward ratio domain. Robust portfolios build on the MVM but they are less sensitive to errors of param- eters estimation. We experimented with several robust approaches and the results confirmed that the robust portfolios were less sensitive to outliers, less volatile and more stable (robust). The bottom-up process of security selection seems time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore we proposed an alternative approach to select stocks with so- called "cluster analysis". Generally, the cluster analysis classifies similar objects (companies) into similar groups. Technical and fundamental parameters of companies provided needed classification parameters. The classification was run over companies from the German DAX...
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Does work in non-profit sector pay off?
Kopeček, Martin ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Pěkná, Martina (referee)
This thesis examines the relation between working in a non-profit sector and subjective perception of happiness. The first part is dedicated to introduction and historical context of happiness. The second part examines various literature dedicated to this phenomenon. In the last part statistical regressions are estimated to prove or reject the correlation using data from US National Longitudinal Survey of Youths 1997. Most of the models render the relation as insignificant, from one model we get that people from low- income families tend to be happy all of the time less often when working in a non-profit organization. JEL Classification: I31, J01, J31, D03, L33 Keywords: happiness, non-profit, work, satisfaction Author's e-mail: martin.kopecek@e-klub.cz Supervisor's e-mail: chytilova@fsv.cuni.cz
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