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Expansionary policy of the USA. The boundary between the Hispanic and English-speaking world between the years 1821-1848
Stískal, Jiří ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor)
Tato práce se snažila poukázat na odlišné vztahy k pohraničím oblastem v prostředí USA a Mexika, na vývoj hraniční linie obou států a na omyly a nedůslednosti centrálních orgánů mladého mexického státu, vedoucí k postupnému odcizení a definitivní separaci jeho severního pohraničního území. Na příkladu Texasu bylo demonstrováno stupňování požadavků již tak privilegovaných severoamerických osadníků a vedle toho i nešťastný pokus ústředních mexických orgánů o pacifikaci tohoto procesu vojenskou silou, jenž vedl ke spojení většiny texaského obyvatelstva ve společném odporu. Příklad Nového Mexika a zvláště Kalifornie zase nastínil úspěšnější pokusy ústředních orgánů o pacifikaci separatistického hnutí, jejichž výsledky však zanikly ve víru mexicko - americké války.
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The 20th century muralism in Mexico
Binková, Petra ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee)
As I was trying to suggest in this text, the cultural value of mural production is political in the sense that it responds to interests and motives of the social world and intends to transform the space which it occupies. When doing so, such visual works orient itself toward the construction of its own public. The mural process that aspires to create mural art must therefore be multiple and combined. A similar thought has been pointed out by Bruce Campbell his book Mexican Murals in Times of Crisis: [Mural practice must be] making its commitments and negotiating compromises within the balance of social forces; attempting to fix in some manner the social context in which it takes place; hailing a more or less broad sector of the social milieu; and seeking out some meaningful figure with an eye toward symbolic consensus, or "no man's land" capable of negotiating through perspectival conflicts over the space of the work.,,161 Only by attention to the practical components of muralism does it become possible to recognize a contextual variety of mural work. In fact, these are nothing more than distinct modes of formal compromise between the production of the mural image and its public. An alternative delineation of contemporary muralism is thus at the same time a delineation of practical accomplishments...
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Seminoles: From Corn to Hard Rock Cafe
Dolejš, Andy ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor work presents historical evolution of tribe Seminole. Seminole lives in Everglades, Florida. I would like to explore psychological and social aspects of confrontation white settlers with Native Americans. History, culture and traditions of tribe.
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Venezuela Foreign Policy Changes at the turn of the 20th and 21st century
Novotná Nachtigallová, Mariana ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Němec, Jan (referee) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee)
This thesis deals with the Venezuela Foreign Policy Changes between the years 1999 -- 2012. The work provides the analyses of the political system of today's Venezuela and the Venezuelan foreign policy under the Hugo Chávez rule. As the thesis aims at studying the relationship between the domestic and foreign policy both aspects needed to be considered. Author tests the hypothesis that the foreign rhetoric and policy of Venezuela between the years 1999 -- 2012 were primarily focused on legitimizing Hugo Chavez's domestic position. Hugo Chavez's speeches in front of the National Assembly in the years 2000-2012 were analyzed using the text analysis tools. Quantification of the speeches key words was one of the instruments to test the above stated main hypothesis of the thesis. Chavez's foreign rhetoric and policy helped to fortify its power position especially with army and masses sensitive to populist approach even though the consequences for the Venezuelan economy were rather bad or unsustainable. Furthermore we can state that the foreign rhetoric and policy of the years 1999-2012 developed and radicalized in relation to the domestic economic and political situation.
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Brazilian Left at the beginning of the 21st Century. From Political Alternative to Cartel of Power?
Němec, Jan ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee) ; Kouba, Karel (referee) ; Fiala, Vlastimil (referee)
The thesis deals with the transformation of the Brazilian Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT). Its aim is to identify reasons for more than a decade interval between the renewal of direct presidential election under the universal suffrage and the victory of the left in a society that is marked by extreme inequality of wealth distribution. The second issue which is covered is how the party managed to consolidate power and keep it for three consecutive terms. Using modified concepts of mass, catch-all and cartel party the author tests the hypothesis that the electoral victory of the left was conditioned by the domination of the leftist side of political spectrum by the PT, as a result of building a mass (program-oriented) party, which subsequently tailored its campaign to focus on centrist voters (shift to the catch-all format, or votes-oriented party). The maintenance of power is based on crafting oversized coalitions with parties across the political spectrum, i.e. including the right-wing parties. However, these coalitions are created only to support government; the Workers' Party never forms electoral coalitions with prominent rightest parties. Furthermore, the thesis discusses the functioning of the so-called coalitional presidentialism, the typologies of current leftist governments in Latin America and also presents the basic elements of the Brazilian political system.
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Role of the European Union in Latin America: a Change after the Rio Summit?
Bakule, Martin ; Cihelková, Eva (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (referee) ; Kašpar, Václav (referee) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee)
The thesis "Role of the European Union in Latin America: a Change after the Rio Summit?" focuses on alternations of the position of the European Union (EU) in Latin America after the Rio Summit (1999) which was supposed to be a milestone in European-Latin-American relations. The main objective is to identify and explore the EU role and its trends which result not only from the economic links but also the actions of the EU institutions. Factors of unequal position of Latin America in mutual relations, as well as the impact of the interregional strategy of the EU are of special focus. The thesis is organized as follows. The chapter 1 lays conceptual and theoretical grounds and develops the methodology of "the Atlantic triangle" to frame the issue in interregional relations concepts. The chapter 2 analyses the EU and Latin America as subjects of interregional relations. As for the Latin-American region, its social-economic features, development strategy orientation and its impacts and subregional integration are examined. The EU region subchapter is focused on the interregional strategy, its design and development, as well as the multidimensional nature of the relations and its component dynamics (trade, political dialogue, development cooperation). The Chapter 3 identifies and explores external factors which influence the European-Latin-American ties. According to the triangle methodology, the inevitable influence of the United States (the Anglo-American region in the thesis concept) is studied separately from the global environment and other regions. The Chapter 4 quantifies the economic links of the Latin-American region. It examines the shares and trends in trade, investment, development cooperation transfers and migration. The Chapter 5 studies the institutionalised relations within the Atlantic triangle. It classifies the existing links of the Latin-American region (treaties, fora), assesses the role of interregional summits, compares the political approaches from the United States (US) and the EU in trade, development and security areas and studies in detail the EU impact on several aspects of Latin-American institutional configuration (e.g. regional integration). Among others, the most important conclusions drawn in the last chapter are the following: The unequal position of Latin America in relations with the EU can be attributed to its development characteristics as well as its fragmentation that has recently been progressing. It results in week coordination capability of Latin-American countries on the subregional level and absence of effective coordination on regional level. The interregional strategy of the EU aimed at building "Birregional Strategic Partnership" has not met Latin-American expectations. Although the situation in both regions and global environment has changed substantially from the strategy initiation, the strategy concept remains unaltered which is reflected the mutual relation stagnation. The EU strategy has not proved to be effective in fostering the EU role in Latin America. The free trade negotiation balance of the EU and the US is unfavorable to the EU which has not been able to conclude the association agreements (a basic tool to build the partnership) with its major Latin-American partners (MERCOSUR). The mid/long-term trends in the economic positions on the Latin-American markets have been also unfavorable to the EU in favor to the US and Asian partners. The ineffective strategy did not reverse nor stop such trends. However, the EU role is still not negligible in Latin-American aspirations to diversify its external links from the US influence. The relations with the EU display evident counter-balancing features. The EU also plays the role of "external federator" on subregional level but its influence is rather limited. The overall conclusion is that the Rio Summit did not start closer cooperation. The weakening economic relations are not supported by an effective interregional strategy from the EU. The role of the EU is therefore diminishing.
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Social movements and their impact on the transition to democracy: the case of Zapatistas
Petříček, Martin ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee) ; Měšťánková, Petra (referee)
This dissertation aims to enrich the discussion about the role of social movements in the process of democratisation, ie. to assess their role in the transformation from authoritarian to democratic regime. In particular, it tries to find the way how to assess the impact of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) and related movement on the Mexican transition to democracy in 1990s. The analysis tries to identify possible impacts on three different levels -- political (which means regime transition), social (which is related with the change of the nature of the relations between state and society, once described as corporatist) and economical (which means the end of neoliberal policy promoted by recent Mexican governments and the introduction of more equal, "more democratic" policy in zapatista logic). It looks both at the formal (direct through bargaining) and informal (influence) impact of the zapatista movement. From the methodological point of view, the study is case analysis, in some parts it uses historical analysis. The text is structured into five chapters. The first chapter shows main theoretical and methodological approaches to the social movements with special focus on Latin American context. It is followed by explaining the principles of methods used to assessment of the zapatista impacts. The second chapter presents main approaches to social change and process of democratic transition. The third chapter contains the historical analysis of transformation of relation between state and society during 20th century, from the introduction of (state) corporatist model in 1930s to its gradual dismantling in the late 20th century. The fourth chapter analysis the evolution of EZLN from its beginning in Lacandon jungle in southern Mexican state of Chiapas. In relation with the emphasis of movement's goals, the period from 1994, when zapatista uprising in Chiapas started, to 2010 is divided into four stages. In the fifth chapter, theoretical findings are applied on EZLN and zapatista movement and formulated hypotheses are tested.
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Phenomenon of Peronism in Argentina - politic, economic and social aspects
Trsková, Lucie ; Vilímková, Olga (advisor) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee)
This thesis deals with socio-economic aspects of Peronism in Argentina. It focuses on the changes and development of Peronism since the first government of Juan Doming Perón till now. The main purpose of this thesis is to map, describe and compare individual periods of Peronism and to define why is Peronism in Argentina still so popular among multitudes. The thesis is divided into eight parts. First chapter is seeking for the right definition of Peronism from different points of view. The next four chapters refer to the three governments of Perón. Sixth and seventh chapter deals with the first and second presidency of Carlos Menem and economic and political situation of the Argentine state. Eight chapter is dedicated to the last peronist governemt of the presidential couple of Kirchner.
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Foreign politics of Mexiko to Cuba en the years 1958 - 1976
Hunčová, Dagmar ; Janoušková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mrázová, Vlasta (referee) ; Nálevka, Vladimír (referee) ; Opatrný, Josef (referee)
Disertační práce zkoumá a hodnotí vliv vnějších a vnitřních faktorů, které působily na formulování zahraničně politického postoje Mexika vůči Kubě během období od roku 1958 do 1976. K tomu využívá metodu analýzy na hladinách: mezinárodní systém, stát, vnitrostátní prostředí a jednotlivec. Soustřeďuje se na témata jako je hegemonické postavení USA na americkém kontinentu, vývoj na Kubě, postavení Mexika v regionu, vnitrostátní režim vlády jedné strany - PRI, vč. historického vývoje, který ovlivnil tehdejší koncepci zahraniční politiky. Ukazuje, že v určitých obdobích domácí faktory zásadně ovlivnily postoj Mexika k revoluční Kubě.
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