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Mitochondrial dynamics in myocardium.
Weissová, Romana ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee)
The heart is an absolutely vital body organ, which requires sufficient amount of active mitochondria for its energy demanding activity. The functionality of a mitochondrial population is maintained through mitochondrial turnover, encompassing mitophagy removing damaged mitochondria and mitochondrial biogenesis responsible for the emergence of new organelles. Dynamic processes of mitochondrial fusion and fission can also contribute to the maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial population. Mitochondrial fusion and fission have not yet been proven in cardiomyocytes, although these cells possess all the proteins required for these events. These processes, however, take on the importance during pathological conditions, when changes in the amount of protein applied in the mitochondrial dynamics occur. The modification in mitochondrial phenotype leads to the cell damage. Understanding the role of mitochondrial dynamics in myocardium may contribute to the development of new heart diseases treatments.
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Studies on the molecular mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of morphine
Škrabalová, Jitka ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee) ; Hlaváčková, Markéta (referee)
Acute and chronic morphine administration can significantly reduce ischemia- reperfusion injury of the rat heart. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the protective effect of morphine are not yet fully elucidated. Concurrently, there is a lack of information about the effects of the long-term action of morphine on heart tissue. Therefore, in the first part of the project, we studied the effect of long-term administration of high doses of morphine (10 mg/kg/day, 10 days) on rat heart tissue. In the second part of the project, we investigated the effect of 1 mM morphine on viability and redox state of rat cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2 that was influenced by oxidative stress elicited by exposure to 300 μM tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Our experiments have shown that long-term morphine administration affected neither the amount nor the affinity of myocardial β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR), but almost doubled the number of the dominant isoforms of myocardial adenylyl cyclase (AC) V/VI and led to supersensitization of AC. At the same time, proteomic analyses revealed that long-term morphine administration was associated with significant changes in the left ventricular proteome. In particular, there was an increase in the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP). Increased expression of HSP27...
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PANat - Proactive Therapeutic Method with URIAS Air-splints by Margaret Johnstone : Proactive Therapy Application to Neurorehabilitation
Šuláková, Kateřina ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
PAN - at is the proactive therapeutic approach using inflatable splints and other clinical tools, applied in neurorehabilitation. The approach uses repetitive training and goal-oriented activities to recover motor and sensory functions after damage of central nervous system. This bachelor's thesis dealt with the description of the approach on theoretical level and its practical applications. On this basis was created the manual of exercises with inflatable splints Urias, which will be available to patiens of Rehabilitation Medicine Clinic in Prag. The theoretical part was developed on base of analyses of literature. There was set up a comprehensive text describing the history of the approach, its neurophysiological background, characteristics and possibilities of its utilization. The practical part checked up effects of therapy. Research sample was consisted of five persons after traumatic brain injury or stroke. Therapies took place in average twice a week. The total period of practical application lasted for five weeks. To obtain the results of the therapy there were used goniometry, sensitivity investigation and modified Ashworth scale. Effects of the therapy was more described in two case studies. This thesis confirmed effects of PAN - at characterized in available literature. There were noticed...
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Effect of energy distribution spectrum of radionuclides on pulse resolving time of scintilation spectrometers
Chromá, Ladislava ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Zimák, Jaroslav (referee)
Every radiation counting system exhibits a characteristic pulse resolving time (dead time) that is related to the time required to individual detected events. In case that a second pulse occures before the first has disappeared the two pulses will form a single distored pulse. Because of dead time losses, the measured counting rate (cps) is less than the true (teoretical) counting rate. Pulse resolving time can considerably change the relationship in case of measuring small and high activities. According to experimental results in my work dead time losses are dependant on the scintillators type, time constant of pulse amplifier and energy of radionuklides. There are given counting rate limits for three radionuklides - 99mTc, 51Cr and 131I and two scintillation spectrometers - JKA 300 and JKA1102.
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Use of the thermoplastic splints for the upper limbs operation in ADL due to the limited activity of functional capabilities
Rejmanová, Alžběta ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis aims is designing and practical testing of "small splints" by patients which have limited functionc of upper extremities due to damage or malfunction. The proposed "small splints" are designed to facilitate the completion of certain procedures of pADL. "Small splints" are made from thermoplastic material, which is convinient for such purposes as regards the properties of ductility, variability and customization options. This bachelor thesis presents proposals of "small splints" for personal hygiene, specifically for a toothbrush and self - feeding, with selected objects: a glass, a cutlery knife, a fork and a spoon. The last "small splint" is intended to graphomotoric with a specific focus on stationery. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is based on the analysis of scientific literature and deals with general functions of the upper limbs and causes of limited functions, splinting and assistive technology options. The practical part contains the research methodology, my target and formulation of research question. Three patients with limited function of upper limb were involved in the project. These patiens tried splints over a period of time and "small splints" were modified according to their individual needs. According to the...
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