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Water in Public Space of Staré Brno
Šerek, Jiří ; Lhotáková, Zdenka (referee) ; Havliš, Karel (advisor)
The aim of the project is to restore water features in public spaces of the oldest city quarter Old Brno, and also to strengthen the genius loci of this characteristic district by mention of defunct Svratka raceway. The main theme of the work will be combination of water management, urbanism and architecture with a special attention on cultivation of public spaces by application of linear water features.
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The Significance and Function of Artificial Water Courses in the Present-Day Urban Environment
Ležatka, Lukáš ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Ing.arch.Jaroslav Tušer,CSc. (referee) ; Löw, Jiří (referee) ; Lhotáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The objective of this dissertation is resolving the issues of both form and function of water courses in a present-day city. The dissertation focuses primarily on water courses which may be described as man-made, i.e. those resembling a canal, and addresses their prospective revitalization within the context of urban renewal and development in the present-day post-industrial era. The introduction includes a comprehensive analysis of the historical and typological development of artificial water courses, essential for grasping the connections as well as the current overall state of water courses in an urbanized setting. Detailed attention is devoted in particular to the most frequently occurring artificial water course - i.e. the race. The dissertation strives to defend the irreplaceable role of the water course as a public space in the urban landscape and - consequently - also its prospective essential revitalization. Examples, especially from throughout Western Europe, are used to demonstrate particular solutions, approaches and strategies to predominantly artificial water course renewal within the urban environment. The dissertation also devotes attention to the tools used in reaching relevant solutions.
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Water in an Urbanized Environment Svratka Raceway
Pavlovský, Tomáš ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Löw, Jiří (referee) ; Sátora, Josef (referee) ; Lhotáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The dissertation describes the historic development of watercourses in Brno territory focusing on the artificial canal Svratka raceway and the present state is described based on the available map data, preserved picture materials and photographic documentation of the present state. The work offers memories of several people from Brno who remember the artificial watercourse, these complete the picture of the Svratka raceway at the time of its extinction. The dissertation documents the present state of areas where the raceway used to run and on which it bordered. What attitude the twin towns of Brno - Leipzig and Graz - take, is outlined in the chapter Examples of Raceway and Natural Stream Reconstruction in Here and Abroad. The presented work should serve as a comprehensive source material for further study of Svratka raceway and further possible studies of arrangement of the areas where the raceway used to run and its - at least - partial reconstruction.
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Response to abiotic stress in plants growing in green façades of temperate urban environment
Hrochová, Růžena ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Havelková, Lenka (referee)
With increasing urbanization the temperature of cities is increasing and an effect of urban heat island arises. Vegetation, particularly vertical greenery systems: facades and walls, is mitigating urban heat island and reducing temperature. The aim of this work was to define these systems, their effects on the urban microclimate, to create an overview of the most used plants for greenery systems and to summarize their reactions to abiotic stresses of cities in a temperate region. Mediterranean studies were used in this work due to the scarcity of temperate climate research, which results could become valuable with climate change. Selecting proper vegetation can be done using habitat template, plants that are acclimated or adapted to the urban environment. Plants affect the urban microclimate through shading and transpirational cooling, which ideally contribute to reducing the heat island effect with optimal irrigation. Stressors followed in this work were drought, high temperature and irradiance, air pollution and salinity. To all these stressors plants reacted with limiting physiological functions and reducing growth. The common reaction was a decrease photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content. Ractions of plants of vertical greenery systems to different stressors and their combinations are...
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Thermal imaging as a tool for evaluation of plant's cooling effect in green façades
Nohová, Michaela ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (referee)
Urbanisation and global warming are gaining momentum, and with it the need to improve the thermal comfort of urban citizens is growing. Due to the geometry of the city and the thermal properties of the materials from which the city consists, the so-called urban heat island effect occurs, which causes the temperature in city centres to be higher than in rural areas. One possible way to mitigate the urban heat island effect is to incorporate vegetation into the urban infrastructure. Green architecture is designed to do just that, and in this thesis I specifically focus on green facades and their cooling effect. Since green facades are usually large areas of green surface, this thesis focuses on thermal imaging and its use to measure the cooling rate of buildings and ambient air by green facades. It is the use of thermal cameras that is characterized by the ability to image large areas and record their temperature in real time, making thermal cameras an ideal tool for green facade research. As this topic is very specific and not yet so widespread in the literature, I discuss thermography from several perspectives in the context of its use for research on plant physiological parameters, and I also discuss the various methods and pitfalls of working with thermal image data. Key words: abiotic stress,...
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Autumn leaf senescence in temperate and boreal woody species under changing climate
Kosová, Barbora ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
Autumn senescence of the foliage of deciduous trees of temperate and boreal zones is an annually recurring phenological phenomenon, which is part of the adaptation to life in the temperate and boreal zones with periods of frost and restriction of solar radiation. During foliar senescence, photosynthetic pigments decompose, mineral nutrients are remobilized and foliage falls off. The timing of foliage senescence in boreal and temperate deciduous trees is controlled by external and internal factors. The biggest role in the timing of senescence is played by photoperiod and temperature, which gradually decrease by he end of the growing season. The temperature is increasing due to global warming, thus affecting the length of the growing season and the sequestration of carbon into forest stands. Other factors (such as water availability) are also affected by climate change. The above-mentioned factors affect the trees of boreal and temperate forests to varying degrees, and it is, therefore, important to address them in order to be able to estimate the future development of foliage senescence and carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forests.
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Specifics of plant mineral nutrition on serpentine soils
Škopová, Lucie ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Serpentine is a metamorphosed ultramafic rock on which a substrate with specific combinations of properties responsible for creating the typical inhospitable conditions for plant life is formed. The characteristic chemical composition of serpentine soils consists of a low ratio of Ca:Mg ions, low content of biogenic elements (P, K, N) and a high concentration of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Ni). Abiotic factors such as rocky surface, shallow soil and lack of water also hinder the life of local plant. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to summarize the complex of characteristic serpentine phenomenon that in many ways create stress conditions for plants growth. Thanks to this specificity, the serpentine areas are characterised by a specific flora and vegetation with a number of endemics. This work focuses on the specific mineral nutrition of plants and summarizes the knowledge on the mechanisms of adaptation of plants growing on serpentine substrates. I focused mainly on the typical low Ca:Mg ion ratio in serpentine soil and described the functions of these elements in plants and the stress effect of excess Mg. Throughout this work, I also address the mechanisms of uptake and transport of serpentine-relevant nutrients in the plants identified so far. In conclusion, I discuss ability of plants to survive in...
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Effect of artificial light at night on ecophysiological functions of plants
Ležal, Lukáš ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Artificial light at night, as a significant source of anthropogenic pollution, has long been overlooked, both among the general public and in the scientific community as well as at the legislature level. Steps to reduce the negative impacts of artificial light at night have been taken late and to an insufficient extent, and it was the low general awareness that was one of the motivations for the bachelor thesis on this topic. Plants are a group of organisms that receive less attention than, for example, humans, although they far exceed them in ecological importance. Artificial light at night has the potential to alter the composition of plant communities and the food webs that are linked to them, of which humans are at the top. This is done by shifting plant phenological phases, disrupting the natural perception of day and night, modifying growth patterns and morphological characteristics, increasing irradiance stress or reducing the efficiency of photosynthesis. It is through a comprehensive knowledge of the interaction of plants with artificial light at night that society can effectively protect nature and introduce the necessary new standards and technologies to ensure sustainable development.
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Assessment of drought response in local Scots pine ecotypes using anatomical, biochemical, and fluorescence stress markers.
Štěpánová, Kristýna ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jan (referee)
Global climate change and associated global warming is already a problem for temperate forest ecosystems and will continue to exacerbate the problem in the coming decades. Many species will have to adapt to a multifactorial combination of stresses, with increases in average air temperature, frequency and intensity of precipitation increasing drought episodes and drought-affected areas will enlarge. It is necessary to find ways to help the landscape cope with these intensifying phenomena. The possibility of planting suitable tree species that can manage water efficiently and survive even in periods of intense water scarcity is an option. The drought tolerance of trees is related to their phenotypic plasticity and ecotypic differentiation. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is characterised by modest ecological demands on the environment and climate of the habitat, is phenotypically plastic and relatively drought resistant. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate and compare the response of different Scots pine ecotypes to drought stress due to reduced water availability using anatomical, biochemical, and fluorescence indicators of physiological status, and 2) to determine the biochemical phenotype of selected genotypes within a local Scots pine ecotype in a seed orchard in terms of...
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