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The Role of Coin Production and its Acceptance in Shaping the Power Structure of Early Medieval Czech Society
Kratochvíl, Jan ; Štemberk, Jan (advisor) ; Charvát, Petr (referee) ; Květina, Petr (referee)
The Ph.D. theses Role of Coin Production and Acceptance in Shaping the Power Structure of Early Bohemian medieval society discusses the earliest historical payment instruments,which appearance is assumed to have occurred in Bohemia in the 10th century. It looks at them, however, through a non-economic prism, the establishment of which is preceded by a critique of existing interpretations. The subject of the research are Slavic payment clothes and the oldest denarii minted in the Bohemian Duchy. The thesis formulates a new hypothesis about the way in which Slavic clothes could have fulfilled certain functions that we nowadays identify with payment. This hypothesis is based on the assumption of a different organization of economic relations in early medieval society. On the basis of this assumed organisation of social relations, a social crisis is subsequently reconstructed, the reflection of which is identified in the St Wenceslas legends, for which a new source of inspiration, Livy's Ab urbe condita libri, is also revealed. The hypothesis about the functioning of Slavic payment clothes is thus subsequently linked with the sources into a broader interpretative whole. The coins are viewed in this work in a chartalist and practical metallist manner, in opposition to the theoretical metallist approach....
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Neolithic pits. Formation processes analysis of LBK settlement in Bylany
Pilař, Daniel ; Květina, Petr (advisor) ; Vostrovská, Ivana (referee)
This thesis analyses formation processes on LBK site of Bylany. The aim of this text is to critically review the base of our archaeological sources and to demonstrate the possibilities and limits of the used methods. For the purposes of this work was obtained metrical and some non-metrical attributes of nearly 1700 ceramic sherds from a selected house complex in Bylany. These data were used in combination with already existing documentation to create basic characteristics of particular objects and layers. This way was for example created values of fragments density, pottery fragmentation, or was examined dispersion of fragments from a single vessel. With this data was also possible to critically revise the former and current chronology of house complex and independent objects. This step tested the chronological homogeneity of objects with gradual filtration of intrusions. The second part of this thesis studied anthropomorphic engraving on a ceramic sherd, that was found by chance in 2018 in one of the studied objects. Style, technique, and primarily authenticity were explored. The whole set of ceramics was examined to find potential analogical engravings and to determine, on which part of sherds would be similar engraving even preserved. Results show that individual pits have very heterogeneous...
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Lithic function and its application in archeology
Krásná, Soňa ; Popelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Květina, Petr (referee) ; Hroníková, Linda (referee)
The goal of the thesis is to find the way how to apply use-wear analysis as well as functional analysis to archaeological assemblages of selected artefacts from Central European archaeological contexts, namely lithics (chipped stone artefacts) and obtain the greatest potential from the analysis. Thesis consists of: current state in the field of functional studies research worldwide, method of use-wear application in connection with material science knowledge, especially tribology. Use-wear analysis is applied to the selected lithic artefacts from Paleolithic to Eneolithic Periods. The results of this work are based on the following microscopic approaches: low power approach (LPA), high power approach (HPA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). There are described and stated differences in potential of above mentioned approaches in connection with specific archaeological artefacts (assemblages of artefacts). The question answered in the conclusion is how to apply the above mentioned methodological approaches in application to various archaeological materials (period, number, context etc.) to obtain the greatest informational potential from the material analysed. Work is concluded with specific terminology from the field of tribology and use-wear analysis...
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Mobility of individuals and populations in the prehistoric period. Confrontation of archaeological, ethnological and natural scientific methods.
Hrnčíř, Václav ; Květina, Petr (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee) ; Cameron, Catherine Margaret (referee)
Mgr. Václav Hrnčíř Mobility of individuals and populations in the prehistoric period. Confrontation of archaeological, ethnological and natural scientific methods. Abstract of dissertation thesis This thesis focuses on the use of natural scientific methods and cross-cultural research to study the mobility of individuals and populations in the prehistoric period and confronts these methods with the results of traditional archaeological approaches. In the first part, the advantages and limits of multiple-tooth strontium isotope analysis are critically assessed. Analysis of published strontium data of more than 1,000 individuals across the world reveals a high degree of variability in childhood mobility patterns between different regions and periods. In the second part, the association between post-marital residence and dwelling size is tested using phylogenetic comparative analysis methods and a global sample of 86 pre-industrial societies. The results confirm that large dwellings are associated with matrilocality (whereas smaller with patrilocality) and suggest that average dwelling size can be used as a material proxy for inferring post-marital residence rules in prehistoric societies. The last part of the thesis combines various types of evidence (archaeological, strontium and ethnographic) to determine...
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Lithic function and its application in archeology
Krásná, Soňa ; Popelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Květina, Petr (referee) ; Hroníková, Linda (referee)
The goal of the thesis is to find the way how to apply use-wear analysis as well as functional analysis to archaeological assemblages of selected artefacts from Central European archaeological contexts, namely lithics (chipped stone artefacts) and obtain the greatest potential from the analysis. Thesis consists of: current state in the field of functional studies research worldwide, method of use-wear application in connection with material science knowledge, especially tribology. Use-wear analysis is applied to the selected lithic artefacts from Paleolithic to Eneolithic Periods. The results of this work are based on the following microscopic approaches: low power approach (LPA), high power approach (HPA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). There are described and stated differences in potential of above mentioned approaches in connection with specific archaeological artefacts (assemblages of artefacts). The question answered in the conclusion is how to apply the above mentioned methodological approaches in application to various archaeological materials (period, number, context etc.) to obtain the greatest informational potential from the material analysed. Work is concluded with specific terminology from the field of tribology and use-wear analysis...
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Archaic Thinking of the Neolithic
Hýlová, Veronika ; Květina, Petr (advisor) ; Popelka, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the Neolithic religion focusing on those aspects of sacredness that may be classified as archaic thinking in accordance with anthropological literature. One of its main features is the belief in ability to magically influence something that cannot be influenced rationally. It includes symbolic categorizations such as magic, maintaining the "world order" or totemism. The summary of the Neolithic archaeological record concerning the sacred compounds from the territory of the Czech and Slovak Republic is followed by the characteristics of anthropological categories of religion. Examples of archaic thinking among the traditional societies show a great variability of its manifestations. One type of magic use is applied to an elaboration of a theoretical model in the Neolithic period. The questionnaire survey suggests to what extent the behaviour of contemporary man is influenced by the archaic thinking. Keywords Central Europe - Neolithic - religion - archaic thinking - quantitative survey
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Linear pottery culture villages in Eastem Bohemia and problems of the archaeological material formation processes
Květina, Petr ; Pavlů, Ivan (advisor) ; Popelka, Miroslav (referee) ; Pavúk, Peter (referee)
The aim of the work is to attempt a new approach towards the inner organization of the Neolithic settlements and their mutual relations. The main object of analysis is the LBK culture pottery, which is studied not only in terms of its chronological attributes, but attention is also paid to its characteristics that can possibly reflect the behavioral patterns of the society. Three working goals have been defined: The first one focuses on the standard chronological settlement analysis; the second pursues the stylistic analysis of the LBK pottery decoration with the intention of identifying the variability within the settlement; and the third one is dedicated to observation of formation processes of the archaeological material both at the human behavior level of refuse treatment and the post-deposition natural processes level. Together with the evolution of the archaeological theory the concept of the archaeological findings - artifacts and ecofacts - information capacities has changed. Chronological level of artifact features and consequent creation of typological and chronological charts were stressed within the cultural history theory. The following functional - processual theory period connoted a closer relationship of Archaeology with Natural ,,; History Sciences and an optimistic view of the settlement...
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