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Growing of rapeseed for energy purposes - impacts and context.
Charvát, Michal ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Biofuels are generally based on biomass. It may be a waste biomass or biomass grown specifically. It is used as fixed or lump fuel, and also to as liquid and gas. Liquid biofuels are used both for energy purposes, ie to produce heat, electricity generation, but also as a motor fuels. In this thesis goes on biofuel purposefully grown, about oilseed rape and from it made liquid fuel, in this case of RME rapeseed methyl ester, which is a fuel of the first generation.
The European Union expected that the use of biofuel will reduce CO2 emissions by up to 35% further premised that the development of biofuels will be a positive impact on local employment and it the both on direct and indirect. Further help diversify Europe's dependence on oil imports. They were introduced direct support for growers in order to exlarged the area where grew plants intended for biofuel. These direct resistances were abolished in 2010. Similar support was also intended for producers.
Regarding rapeseed, peak in the sown area across the EU was in 2010, when it was sown almost 7 mil. ha, which is almost 3,5 times more than the original plan for the EU. Last year, it was only 6,45 mil. ha, but with higher-yielding rapeseed seeds. Similarly, increasing the sowing areas you can watch in the Czech Republic. Moreover Czech Republic is the fifth producer of rapeseed in the EU. In 2013/14 have been sown most ha rape, total 418,8 th. ha, but production was the highest in the following year due hectare yields, although with reduced the area sown. Yet is rape sown on 14% of cultivated land.
We can not talk about drastically restricting cultivation of rape, even after termination direct aid. First, the price of rape is very decent and steady and almost half designated for industrial processing it is processed on RME. However, the system of cultivation is not good for the soil. Rape in plans crop rotation is ranked every two years mostly, but the best would be once for five years.
The only assumption was confirmed by the EU, CO2 emissions are lower, but is also needed to count with the amount of N2O emissions, which this benefit is reduced. However on employment it had no effect, or rather negative. More jobs in agriculture provides livestock production and the like can be evaluated also process industry. Another problem is the destruction of ecosystems so that could be grown plants suitable for biofuels. It is a matter of developing countries, in our lands is it about the depletion of fertile land to cultivation fuel instead of food. First, it needed more to fertilize and use pesticides. But also in case of crop failure it is revenue designetid for biofuels producers is delivere even at the cost of food price increases.
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The Analysis of the impact of varieties and seed treatment on selected parameter seeds of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Míča, Luděk ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Miroslava, Miroslava (referee)
Czech Republic is one of the world's leading producers of the poppy seeds. Concerning the growing field area of poppy, the Czech Republic is lead producer of the poppy seeds at the international level (Vašák, 2010; Cihlář, 2012).
Poppy seed is very sensitive on many internal and external factors during cultivation, especially in the beginning of germination and emergence. At present, there are not registered preparations available for seed dressing for poppy seed in the Czech Republic (Prokinová, 2006). However, there has been done many experiments based on testing of natural substances (eg. humates and plant extracts), microorganisms and especially the application of soil fungi in seed treatment recently
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of selected regional varieties of poppy cultivation and seed treatment to yield parameters of poppy seed both individually and in combination,. For the thesis was essential to describe the suitability of varieties for growing in organic and integrated agriculture in relation to the efficiency of production. Evaluation of the seed quality of the varieties was carried out in the field as well as under laboratory conditions. Before sowing, seeds were treated by preparations Gliorex and TS Osivo, untreated variant has been used as a control.
During plant cultivation were monitored shape of the plants, the degree of infestation, weed control and other treatments based on natural substances. Neem-Azal was used as the pest regulator. The second variant was treated by foliar application of TS Květa.
Seeds harvested from variants of our trial were tested under laboratory conditions for comparison of differences between varieties. The tests also revealed the seed infestation and what percentage of the seed is viable. The last evaluation was carried out on the basis of the weight of thousands of seeds (HTS), which reflects the yield determined by the selected seed treatment.
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Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Multifunctional and Conventional Farming on the Development of Rural Areas
Kólová, Anna ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Martina, Martina (referee)
Conventional agriculture is known for industry approaches to agriculture production.
This has led not only to a positive increase in productivity per unit area and ensured greater
food security (and recently self sufficiency), but on the other hand it also increased farmers
dependence on industrial inputs. Among the major drawbacks of the prevailing method
belongs simplified management technology, which is reflected in the increasing problems
with resistance of diseases and pests as well as the increasing environmental pollution and
disruption of the food chain. These approaches also alternate the country, which loses its
character of a place friendly to life.
Multifunctional agriculture can be seen on the other hand as an alternative agriculture.
It has many forms and often has much in common with organic farming. It is focused on other
areas than the maximum of market and food production. It is engaged in various activities,
which include tourism, leisure activities, crafts and other services, protection of cultural
heritage as well as the environment. It has a positive effect on the entire rural development
and often tries to produce safe regional food and protection of nature-friendly sustainable
management. Even this system, however, has its drawbacks.
The aim of the study was to assess and evaluate the impact of different approaches to
market farm production, environmental issues, sustainability of agricultural systems and
multifunction applications with regard to their effects on rural areas. Additional terms of the
coexistence of agricultural enterprises in the Czech Republic were defined.
By comparing two different businesses operating on the background of historical facts,
it was found that companies with different approaches can in the region and in the Czech
Republic not only coexist, but complement each other and at the same time be beneficial not
only for the agriculture. However, there were outlined possible changes which should
agricultural sector and the enterprises themselves go through in order to achieve sustainability
of all functions of the landscape. This is mainly to support alternative farming systems as a
suitable complement to conventional agriculture.
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Family farm as an organic part of the rural space.
Dominová, Barbora ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Soňa, Soňa (referee)
The subject of this masters thesis Family farm as an organic part of the rural space is position of the rural space and agriculture with possibilities for solution of specific problems of the territory.
The goals of this thesis are divided into two partial tasks. The first of which is the literature review of contemporary position and happening on the countryside, the position of the family farms in the Czech Republic, the possibilities and conditions of goat breeding and requirements in cultivation. The second part is focused on project design of small family business with focus on dairy goats breeding in the LFA area and production of selected crops.
The results of this thesis describe the position of the rural and agriculture in the Czech Republic. The proposal of the family farm as a small business on the countryside represents the development possibility of the village, the attractiveness of the place and total avoidance of depopulation of the village.
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Development, causalities and perspectives of cultivation of genetically modified and "clear field" crops in the context of world agriculture.
Němečková, Lucie ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The introduction of genetically modified crops raised controversial reactions that divide not only the professional community into two camps. Considering that rapeseed, soya beans and corn belong to the most important crops of the world, significant attention is given to the development of their GM varieties. Based on available information, a comparative study was compiled involving the effects of genetically modified varieties of these crops on the environment, human and animal health and socio-economic area.
The cultivation of genetically modified crops is profitable especially for companies developing these varieties and for the growers. However it was found that the reduction of the amount of applied herbicides was not achieved as expected. Additionally a negative affect of the active herbicide substances on the environment and human and animal health has been shown. There is a positive impact of the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions due to less frequent entries into the stands. Feeding with GM products also manifested in negative way. There is a very risky possibility of crossing and emergence of resistant weeds, in particular rape and related species as well. The reduction of biodiversity, which is often discussed, was not confirmed in all cases. The changes in the microbial community in the soil have been demonstrated. The coexistence of GM crops with conventional agriculture, and even more ecological agriculture has been shown as problematic.
In accordance with the findings, it is recommended to follow the precautionary principles, to follow the varied crop rotation and to target the production to sustainable agriculture, verified by time and experience.
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Biotechnology for sustainabilty in agricultural systems
Hroníková, Soňa ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Nový, Pavel (referee)
Sustainability of agricultural systems is narrowly connected to protection of land resources and land environment, if possible, without any negative side effects for the environment.
Given the great decrease of agricultural soil in the last two decades, it is necessary to set a working system of gradual regeneration of an agroecosystem, based on the gained findings from the field of biotechnologies, products from biotechnological processes, chosen effective substances and auxiliary tools.
In the literary research there are individual sorts of agriculture valued, as well as ways of farming and their influence on soil environment and surrounding landscape. Furthermore, it is concerned about biotechnologies in this field. In the last part of the thesis there is a comparative study of two supportive biological means on regulation and quality of the chosen agricultural crops carried out and that is both separately and in the combination with the application of NPK.
The results of the study proved a significant impact of a supportive device of WormsAktive on qualitative as well as quantitative parameters of testing crops. Individual values of this supportive device came out from the comparison better than separate application of NPK. The main contribution of this thesis is the discovery that with the help of convenient combinations of the farming which is close to nature and findings of modern science it is possible to achieve a permanently sustainable system of agriculture without any negative impacts on our environment.
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Farming systems. Comparative study.
Drahoš, Michael ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Martina, Martina (referee)
In this bachelor thesis I am comparing a conventional and ecological way of agriculture in the Czech Republic. All data were obtained from professional literature, articles and internet sources. The main aim of the conventional agriculture is the largest yield. Therefore it uses a lot of industrial fertilizers, growth and ripening regulators and many others. Ecological agriculture uses natural fertilizers and only those agro technical interventions that respects the environment. Economic efficiency of ecological agriculture is comparable to conventional agriculture due to higher purchase prices and lower costs. Moreover, in some ecological farms growing plants has a greater profit then the conventional agriculture. Comparing these two agricultural ways, the main differences in the structure of costs are in expenses for fertilization and treatment during vegetation. There is also a higher social aspect in ecological agriculture than in the conventional one. We can consider the ecological agriculture as a way of life, although it wants more physical work. It also brings people together.
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Critical points of grapevine growing in organic farming.
Volfová, Kateřina ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Jadrná, Petra (referee)
The most widely spread production system in the world conventional, is strictly focused on maximal achievable profit from a unit of area. This system is not long-term sustainable and brings many negative aspects. As an answer to the problems related to conventional production are newly-emerged production systems (organic, integrated, biodynamic). Organic production system has penetrated almost all agricultural sectors and grapevine growing is not an exception. The main goal of the thesis was to process the study about critical points of organic grapevine production in context of binding principles and legislative limits of ecological agriculture with emphasis on quality process. The particular critical production points have been described and also their possible solutions in different production systems. According to all the factors organic grapevine production is very stable and sustainable system by which the natural cycle is not affected and at the same time it is capable to produce the high quality bunch of grapes and from them safe and high quality products. The critical points of this production are not too serious that the wine grower would not be able to effectively solve them. The grapevine growing with the convention method is very inconsiderate way and most of the wine growers went over to the integrated production which is more considerate and in viticulture capable. Organic production is the next step to the sustainable agricultural system in Czech Republic and to the change of thinking of natural sources.
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Rozšíření ekologického zemědělství na orné půdě v krajině‚ bioprodukce pro širší potravinářské a krmivářské využití
Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Fakulta agrobiologie, potravinových a přírodních zdrojů, Katedra rostlinné výroby, Praha ; Dvořák, Petr ; Kuchtová, Perla ; Hučko, Boris ; Mudřík, Zdenek ; Kodeš, Alois ; Mičák, Libor ; Krejčířová, Lucie ; Bicanová, Eva ; Capouchová, Ivana ; Petr, Jiří
Součástí závěrečné zprávy jsou dílčí zprávy: Shrnutí výsledků pokusů s různými šířkami řádků za rok 2007 (struční výsledky odběrů rostlin a výnosové výsledky, Zhodnocení kvalitativních ukazatelů bioprodukce pšenice k využití pro různé užitkové směry, Odrůdy obilnin pro ekologické zemědělství, Výsledky jednotlivých odrůdových pokusů, Krmná hodnota zrna obilovin z ekologického pěstování, Skladba zásobních bílkovin pšenice ozimé z ekologického způsobu pěstování, Plísně a mykotoxiny u ekologicky vypěstovaných obilnin, Vliv dlouhodobého ekologického hospodaření na obsah přijatelných živin v půdě.
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