|
|
Structural studies of metal-dependent hydrolases: Histone Deacetylase 6 and Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II
Shukla, Shivam ; Bařinka, Cyril (advisor) ; Stříšovský, Kvido (referee) ; Kolenko, Petr (referee)
Zinc-dependent hydrolases are a class of metalloenzymes that require zinc ions to catalyse hydrolytic reactions. Structural studies of these enzymes shall provide detailed information about the processing of their natural substrates, domain organization, and overall structural fold. This thesis describes the structural properties of two different metallohydrolases 1) human histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and 2) glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) by utilizing a different set of biophysical techniques. HDAC6 is a structurally unique multidomain enzyme comprised of unstructured and globular domains. It regulates the plethora of cellular processes by removing an acetyl group from lysine side chains of target proteins. It has been known to deacetylate non-histone substrates such as tubulin, Hsp90, cortactin, and peroxiredoxins. Given its structural complexity, complete structural information of full-length HDAC6 is missing and available information is limited to its globular domains only. Hence, the integrative approach was employed in combining experimental data from several orthogonal biophysical techniques to build an in-solution structural model of HDAC6. The study reports that HDAC6 adopts multiple conformations due to its unstructured regions and exists as an ensemble of conformers in solution....
|
|
|
Structure-assisted design of inhibitors targeting medicinally relevant enzymes
Djukic, Stefan ; Maloy Řezáčová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Kutá-Smatanová, Ivana (referee) ; Kolenko, Petr (referee)
Structure-assisted drug discovery is a powerful approach that utilizes detailed knowledge on 3D structure to design and optimize new inhibitors targeting medically relevant enzymes. X-ray crystallography is a widely used structural biology technique since it provides detailed snapshot of protein-inhibitor complex, which is used to analyze protein- inhibitor interactions. PNP plays an important role in salvage pathway of purine metabolism, it is a target in treatment of T-cell malignancies and/or parasitic infections. Our effort focused on human and M. tuberculosis PNP, and our aim was to develop new inhibitors with high selectivity and specificity. Our inhibitors are acyclic nucleoside phosphates with 9- deazahypoxanthine nucleobase that contain three moieties binding to all three regions of the active site: purine, phenyl and phosphonate moieties. The best inhibitors have IC50 values as low as 19 nM (human) and 4 nM (M. tuberculosis). The presence of short substituents at central phenyl moiety, such as methoxy and bromide group, decreases inhibitor's affinity towards human PNP, but does not affect affinity towards mycobacterial PNP. At the same time, bulky substituents, such as fluorinated phenyl ring, decrease inhibitor's affinity towards human PNP but increase affinity towards mycobacterial...
|
|
|
Mechanistic and structural studies of the cGAS-STING signalling pathway
Vavřina, Zdeněk ; Maloy Řezáčová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee) ; Kolenko, Petr (referee)
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) - stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling pathway plays a crucial role in the innate immune system. It is activated by pathogen double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) or cyclic dinucleotides, which are secondary messengers of bacteria. This activation leads to the expression of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. The present dissertation examines the interaction between cGAS and its substrates and the relation between the STING protein and its agonists from a mechanistic and structural point of view. The enzyme cGAS is a metazoan intracellular sensor of dsDNA. Upon its binding to DNA, it synthesizes the cyclic dinucleotide 2′,3′-cGAMP, which activates the adaptor protein STING. Besides 2′,3′-cGAMP, STING can also be activated by 3′,3′-cyclic dinucleotides that serve as secondary messengers in bacteria. We investigated various dinucleotide cyclases to better understand their substrate specificity and utilized them for the preparation of novel cyclic dinucleotides activating STING. As the most appropriate for the preparation of 2′,3′-cyclic dinucleotides, we identified mouse cGAS. Additionally, we utilized the enzymes DncV from Vibrio cholerae and DisA from Bacillus thuringiensis for the synthesis of 3′,3′-cyclic dinucleotides. These enzymes exhibit...
|
|
|
The use of protein radical footprinting by Togni reagents in structural biology
Fojtík, Lukáš ; Kukačka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kolenko, Petr (referee)
Structural proteomic methods such as an ion mobility mass spectrometry, chemical cross- linking or covalent labeling have been established as powerful tools for structural studies of biomolecules in general. These methods have significantly contributed to the expansion of our knowledge about biomolecular functions, their dynamics and molecular interactions and therefore led to the understanding of important biological processes occurring in a cell. We decided to spread these methods and we developed a new radical labeling technique relaying on Fluor-alkyl radicals that does not require a laser dissociation pf hydrogen peroxide. We exploited the potential of Togni reagents to form Fluor-alkyl radicals by reducing agent under native conditions. The induction of Fluor-alkyl radicals was triggered by ascorbic acid and the labeling pulse was stopped by tryptophan. The modified proteins were analyzed by top down or bottom up approach using high resolution mass spectrometry. In case of top down approach, several fragmentation techniques (CID-ECD, ETD) were tested for protein analysis while in case of bottom up approach the analyzed proteins were digested by trypsin and separated on reverse phase column online coupled to mass spectrometer. As the model biomolecules we chose a 20 proteinogenic amino acids...
|
|
|
The use of protein radical footprinting by Togni reagents in structural biology
Fojtík, Lukáš ; Kukačka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kolenko, Petr (referee)
Structural proteomic methods such as an ion mobility mass spectrometry, chemical cross- linking or covalent labeling have been established as powerful tools for structural studies of biomolecules in general. These methods have significantly contributed to the expansion of our knowledge about biomolecular functions, their dynamics and molecular interactions and therefore led to the understanding of important biological processes occurring in a cell. We decided to spread these methods and we developed a new radical labeling technique relaying on Fluor-alkyl radicals that does not require a laser dissociation pf hydrogen peroxide. We exploited the potential of Togni reagents to form Fluor-alkyl radicals by reducing agent under native conditions. The induction of Fluor-alkyl radicals was triggered by ascorbic acid and the labeling pulse was stopped by tryptophan. The modified proteins were analyzed by top down or bottom up approach using high resolution mass spectrometry. In case of top down approach, several fragmentation techniques (CID-ECD, ETD) were tested for protein analysis while in case of bottom up approach the analyzed proteins were digested by trypsin and separated on reverse phase column online coupled to mass spectrometer. As the model biomolecules we chose a 20 proteinogenic amino acids...
|
|
|
Structural characterization of intracellular form of mice protein Nkr-p1a
Vaňková, Pavla ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Kolenko, Petr (referee)
NK cells are a component of innate immunity system, which is derived from lymphoid progenitor. By a sophisticated receptor repertoire, which is expressed on their surface, they provide a surveillance against pathogenic, virus infected or tumour cells. Simultaneously they produce cytokines, thereby are involved in adaptive immune response. This work is focused on the study of structure of mice soluble mNkr-p1a isoform. Recently this short isoform was identified at the transcriptional level by a member of our laboratory and it is designated as isoform 2. The aim was to produce mNkr-p1a iso2 protein in the prokaryotic expression system and to perform its renaturation and purification in vitro. In the next phase of work, the obtained product was analyzed by the mass spectrometry methods. Recieved results made us think about that our protein is in unfolded state. This assumption was refuted by following biophysical methods, nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering measurement. Keywords: NK cells Receptor mNkr - p1a Short isoform mNkr - p1a iso2 Alternative splicing Protein biosynthesis Recombinant protein production Protein purification Mass spectrometry Disulfide bond Chemical cross-linking NMR, CD, DLS 5
|
guest ::
