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The Change of the Attitude Towards Welfare State - Clinon's Stress on the Active Employment Policy
Dusil, Jakub ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Tajovský, Ladislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the reform of the social system of the United States carried out by the Bill Clinton's signature under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act in 1996 and its impact on the U.S. labor market. From a historical excursion comes an assumption that the success of active employment policy depends not only on the sufficiency of employment programs and enhancing employability of citizens, but also on a number of incentives for job search. At the beginning of his second term, Clinton created the most important piece of legislation in the last decades, which along with the measures positively motivating to work anew defined tough conditions for welfare recipients to sustain benefits and it caused significant changes in the behavior of groups of people most dependent on the income from social benefits. The effects of these measures on the labor market and changes of the labor market indicators deal with the analysis in the last part, which shows increase in the labor force participation rate, significant reduction in the amount of social security recipients and, ultimately, improve the living conditions of Americans by using the indicator of poverty.
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War on poverty and/or Vietnam war? Question of USA budget priority in second half of 1960´s
Černík, Jaroslav ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Tajovský, Ladislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with influence of the Vietnam War on the economy and the federal budgets of the USA with an emphasis on possible effects of this conflict on the continuing War on Poverty declared by the President Lyndon Baines Johnson. The thesis examines changes in expenditures of the federal budget. Their development in the period 1964 -- 1969 indicates that the Vietnam conflict was not a major influence on the failure of Johnson's social programs fighting poverty. The thesis implies that one possible explanation of the failure might be found in Johnson's choice of both ineffective way of dealing with the phenomenon of poverty and in a way of acquiring funds for his social programs, which led to increasing distrust of him and his social policy.
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The Development of the Federal Dept in the USA in 1980´s
Rybáček, Miroslav ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
This thesis deals with the influence of foreign policy of Ronald Reagan on his budget policy. The foreign policy is studied in relation to the USSR. First stage of this thesis is devoted to economic development in the USA before Ronald Reagan era with focusing on 1970's. There are also crucial aspects, which affected economic development within the Ronald Reagan era and his decisions. The goal of main part of the thesis is an analysis of impacts of foreign policy on the federal dept in the USA in 1980's with focusing on the relationship between USA a USSR. The thesis analyzes the impact of military spending and Strategic Defense Initiative on the growing federal dept as a consequence of the relationship between USA and USSR. In this stage of the thesis is descriped Reagan's budget program as well as the reasons why the program was unsuccessful. At the end of the thesis is emphasized the influence of Ronald Reagan on the dissolution of the USSR and summarizes the knowledges about the relationship between the budget and foreign policy in the USA in 1980's.
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COMPARISON OF CAUSES OF ECONOMIC CRISIS USA 2008 - 2009 AND GREAT ECONOMIC DEPRESSION
Šumbera, Jan ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Tajovský, Ladislav (referee)
The main objective of bachelor thesis is to compare the causes of the Great Depression and the financial crisis of 2008 - 2009. First I examine the causes of financial crisis 2008-2009. I referr to the behavior and reactions of financial and non-financial entities and their role in the processes that led to financial crisis. In real estate debt crisis I see initial stage of it, and therefore I emphasize the mechanism of its formation. Second I focus on the causes of the outbreak of the Great Depression. I describe the emergence of the Great Depression with regard to the different monetary structure and its influence on the conduct of businesses. Third I compare causes of both economic crises and define their parallels. The main task is to prove that the Fed's monetary expansion led in both cases to inflate the specific bubble, which resulted directly or indirectly in problems on financial markets.
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Analysis of the production and export of the artillery weapons of the Skoda Works in the years 1918-1938
Pecková, Lenka ; Skřivan, Aleš (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of the production and export of artillery weapons in interwar Czechoslovakia. Skoda become a major armory during the times of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and maintained its position even during the interwar period. During this period occured a series of political and economic events that affected arms production. It is therefore one of the main aims of this work to analyze their influence and impact on the production of artillery weapons in Pilsen. Production and export were often subject to political relations of Czechoslovakia. From an economic perspective, the paper focuses on the profitability of individual stores, both in terms of domestic and foreign orders. Can not ignore the more detailed analysis of the export of the artillery weapons and trade relations because export played important role for the company for most of the interwar period.
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Organization and financing of the Czechoslovak sport in the seventies of the 20th century
Kratochvíl, Martin ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is focused on a period of releasing of social circumstances and liberalization in a sports sphere in Czechoslovakia at the turn of the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century and following normalization as well as on a development of Czechoslovak Association of Physical Education and subordinate association -- Czechoslovak Football Association. The thesis describes a conception of physical education in a socialist ideology and answers several key questions in comparison with capitalist perception of sport. In a following part, there is elucidated a using of auxiliary prohibited substances in Czechoslovakia during the reported period and politicians' attitudes to this issue. Last but not least, the thesis clarifies the origins of Amateur Football Association during normalization.
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Great Britain between EEC and EFTA (1957 - 1961)
Mroviecová, Lenka ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the British attitude to European integration in the 1950s and 1960s. The main aim of thesis is analysis of economic and political reasons, which led the British Government to not take a part in the European Economic Comunity (EEC). Next, I focused, to the form of alternative attempt to integrate Western Europe, to the form of European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and to reasons of rapid change of British oppinion to EEC. Outbalanced especialy economical reasons, which forced British government to apply EEC in 1961.
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Privatization under the Margaret Thatcher
Kožíšek, Jan ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
The theme of the thesis is privatization process that took place in the 1980s under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. First, the thesis deals with the post war British economy, where the nationalization of industry took an important part in the second half of the 1940s and the gradual strengthening of state power in the following years. Next topics includes the economic situation at the beginning of Thatcher as a Prime Minister in office, the challenges she faced and the circumstances that led to a series of economic reforms, where one of the most important was the privatization of state enterprises. The thesis looks at why it happened and explores the problems associated with the regulation of privatized industries. In conclusion are discussed positive and negative impacts of privatization on the British economy and privatized companies, and its impact on unemployment in the 1980s. The aim is to examine why the privatization occurred and why its effects were ambiguous.
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Rationing in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1953
Petrák, Aleš ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
This thesis is focused on the rationing in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1953. The thesis is divided into four main parts which correspond to the basic topics of the thesis. The first part is focused on the previous development. This part concludes that rationing systems in Czechoslovakia were quite similar to each other. The existence of captive market and "free" market at the same time was specific for rationing in the years 1949-53. The second section describes the positive public reception of this specific situation. The reduction of the black market is also mentioned. However this situation was not sustainable for a long time. Significant change of the system was made in 1952. Various proposals were made to unify the two markets. Dolanský's proposal is described as an example. However this proposal wasn't implemented due to the monetary reform in 1953. The existence of a captive market demonstrated problems in distribution. Christmas extra packages and shopping spree in 1950 are the examples of these problems. The last section describes abuse of rationing by the Communist Party for general persecution of specific social groups.
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Unemployment in the Great Britain in the twenties of the twentieth century
Havlíčková, Eliška ; Soběhart, Radek (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
Presented bachelor essay focused on unemployment in Great Britain in era between world wars and is mainly targets on twentieth years of last century when phenomenon of massive unemployment was discovered. At issue is viewed in the context of creating so called "welfare state" in Great Britain. The main conclusions of the work are that mass unemployment is manifested the most markedly between years 1920-21, then took all the twenties and was created by combining several factors. These include the attitude of society to the unemployed, contact the First World War itself, not only Great Britain but also of world trade and wage rigidity. Finally had an impact on the unemployment, frequent changes of governments and the related sporadic adoption of laws that are devoted to the problem.
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