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Study of interactions of antiviral drug tenofovir and its prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with placental nucleoside transporters
Lalinská, Anežka ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Anežka Lalinská Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Study of interactions of antiretroviral drug tenofovir and its prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with placental nucleoside transporters Tenofovir (TFV) in the form of ester prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an essential part of combination antiretroviral therapy. It is often used in the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. However, precise mechanism(s) involved in transfer of TFV/TDF from mother to fetus are not described in detail. Since these drugs are nucleoside analogues, there is a possibility that the mechanisms of their transplacental passage might include nucleoside transporters (NTs), either equilibrative or concentrative (ENTs/CNTs). The aim of the diploma thesis was to investigate the role of placental NTs in membrane transfer of TFV and TDF. To address this issue, we performed in vitro accumulation in the BeWo cell line derived from placental choriocarcinoma. By evaluating experiments, we found out that both TFV and TDF might not be substrates of NTs, thus the role of these transporters in TFV/TDF placental pharmacokinetics was not confirmed. Therefore, the drug-drug interactions on NTs...
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The influence of bosutinib, neratinib and ibrutinib inhibition on the activity of selected reductases from AKR and SDR superfamilies
Hudáčová, Lenka ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Lenka Hudáčová Supervisor: Ing. Vladimír Wsól, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of bosutinib, neratinib and ibrutinib inhibition on the activity of selected reductases from AKR and SDR superfamilies Anthracycline antibiotics (ANTs) are antineoplastic drugs. Daunorubicin (DAUN) is used in the treatment of acute leukaemia. Enzymes from aldo-keto reductase (AKR) and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamilies mediate the reduction of DAUN to its C-13 alcohol metabolite daunorubicinol (DAUNOL), which is more cardiotoxic, less antineoplastic and is causing anthracycline resistance. In my diploma thesis, I examined the inhibitory effect of bosutnib, neratinib and imatinib on the activity of enzymes from the SDR and AKR superfamilies. The specific enzyme activity and inhibitory effect were estimated on the base of in vitro enzymatic production of DAUNOL by the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system. MTT assay was used to measure DAUN and ibrutinib cytotoxicity effect on HCT116 cell culture. In vitro enzymatic activities for recombinant enzymes were decreased in order CBR1 > AKR1C3 > AKR1B1 > AKR1A1 > AKR7A2 > AKR1B10 > AKR1C1 > AKR1C2 > AKR1C4 > CBR3. The...
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Effect of cadmium chloride on P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier
Zahradníková, Tereza ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Tereza Zahradníková Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Consultant: Alexander Zaremba, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany Title of diploma thesis: Effect of cadmium chloride on P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier The blood-brain barrier (BBB) separates the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral blood circulation. It regulates the material transport between these compartments due to its specialised structure and cellular constitution. The endothelial cells forming the BBB are characterized by the expression of different multidrug resistance proteins which belong to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. These transmembranous ABC proteins actively transport molecules out of the BBB endothelia into the bloodstream and protect the brain against harmful xenobiotics, toxins and metabolites. On the other hand, ABC export proteins constitute obstacles to the delivery of many therapeutic drugs across the BBB into the CNS, thus the efficacy of CNS pharmacotherapy is limited. One of the most important efflux transporters is P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Cadmium is a heavy metal that is dangerous to human health....
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The assessment of inhibitory effects of selected targeted anticancer drugs on the activity of ABC drug efflux transporters
Jurčáková, Júlia ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Šorf, Aleš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Júlia Jurčáková Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Hofman PhD. Title of diploma thesis: The assessment of inhibitory effects of selected targeted anticancer drugs on the activity of ABC drug eflux trasporters. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death within oncological diseases. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of all lung cancer, and its major subtypes include adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. In addition to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the use of targeted low-molecular substances, which target tumor cells with higher specificity, has recently been used in treatment. The two main causes of death in cancer patients are the formation of metastases and the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). This may also be caused by overexpression of the efflux transporters. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are groups of transmembrane pumps that use energy in the form of ATP to transfer a wide range of substrates. In particular, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), breast cancer-resistance protein (ABCG2) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) are associated with MDR. Inhibition of these transporters increases the amount of cytostatic substrate within the...
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Study on the role of pharmacokinetic mechanisms of drug resistance in new anticancer drugs with focus on solid tumors
Vagiannis, Dimitrios ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Souček, Pavel (referee) ; Zendulka, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Mgr. Dimitrios Vagiannis Supervisor RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Study on the role of pharmacokinetic mechanisms of drug resistance in new anticancer drugs with focus on solid tumors Cancer chemotherapy is an important tool for the cure of cancer. Although the development of new anticancer drugs has been rapidly progressing, the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to be a key issue leading to therapy failure in oncological patients. MDR is based on pharmacodynamic as well as pharmacokinetic mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic MDR includes drug efflux transporters and biotransformation enzymes that decrease the amount of (active form of) a drug in tumors. While the MDR role of transporters has been well understood, the participation of drug metabolizing enzymes is still unclear. This thesis investigates the role of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) in cytostatic resistance. Furthermore, it focuses on the modulation of pharmacokinetic MDR using pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of new targeted antitumor drugs. Finally, it aims to confirm the in vitro findings in ex vivo patient-derived tumor explants. In our latest publication, we demonstrate the significant role of...
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Interaction of gilteritinib with OCT1 and OCT2 transporters; relation to conventional therapy of acute myeloid leukemia.
Novotná, Kateřina ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Univerzita Karlova Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Katedra Farmakologie a toxikologie Student: Kateřina Novotná Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Interaction of gilteritinib with OCT1 and OCT2 transporters; relation to conventional therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Gilteritinib is one of the recently approved drugs which is primarily used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutated FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor. In this project, gilteritinib was investigated in terms of its ability to interact with solute carrier (SLC) membrane transporters, namely with OCT1 and OCT2. These membrane proteins play a role in uptake of endogenous compounds and also drugs into the cells of main elimination organs (liver, kidney), but also to cancer cells. In particular, we wanted to examine potential interaction with daunorubicin and mitoxantrone, drugs traditionally used in AML therapy. First, we performed accumulation study and evaluated, whether gilteritinib is potential inhibitor of OCT1 and OCT2 studying differential uptake of daunorubicin and mitoxantrone into MDCKII-OCT1 and MDCKII-OCT2 cells based on OCT1 and OCT2 inhibition by gilteritinib. Secondly, the study evaluating the transfer of gilteritinib across the...
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Inhibitory effect of tepotinib, entrectinib, and sapanisertib on an activity of selected reductases from AKR superfamily.
Krtilová, Kamila ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Kamila Krtilová Supervisor: prof. Ing. Vladimír Wsól, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Inhibitory effect of tepotinib, entrectinib, and sapanisertib on an activity of selected reductases from AKR superfamily. The lung carcinoma has an increasing trend in the Czech Republic. These findings correspond to the fact that lung carcinoma is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Carbonyl reducing enzymes occur in different types of tissues, and they are responsible for the development of inflammation, cancer, and cancer resistance. These NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase cause the reduction of carbonyl groups to alcohol compound and decrease the toxicity of drug for tumor cells. Last but not least, these enzymes are responsible for tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, and increased tumoral aggressivity. This work aimed to study the inhibition effect of chosen cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) on the activity of Aldo-keto reductases. Besides inhibition of CDK, the ability to inhibit efflux transporters and carbonyl reducing enzymes was proved at CDK inhibitors. The inhibition effect of tepotinib, entrectinib and sapanisertib was determined by UHPLC analysis. The most significant inhibition...
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Optimization of PEI based LbL capsules with pDNA
Ondrašáková, Petra ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Ab rac Charle Uni er i Fac l of Pharmac in Hradec Kr lo Depar men of Pharmacolog and To icolog S den : Pe ra Ondra ko , MSc. S per i or: A oc. Prof. P em l Mlad nka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Co- per i or: Dr. Haider Sami, Uni er i of Vienna, Di i ion of Clinical Pharmac and Diagno ic Ti le of rigoro he i : Op imi a ion of PEI ba e LbL cap le i h pDNA In hi he i , e foc ed on he de elopmen of pol e h lenimine (PEI) ba ed non- iral cap le , hich ill en er n cle of he cancer cell and lead o he e pre ion of he lacking pro ein, hich ca e di ea e. A fir , PEI ba ed la er-b -la er (LbL) pol mer cap le ere formed. PEI ha man ad an age - i ha pro onable amine , good abili and ran fec ion efficienc . When forming he cap le, I follo ed p on m diploma he i and con in ed o op imi e he mo i able combina ion of pol mer , ha ere la ered on he CaCO3core. The aim a o ob ain a biodegradable cap le and hen o incorpora e pla mid DNA (pDNA) herein. Fl ore cen l labelled PEI a ed a he la la er o i ali e par icle in fl ore cen micro cope. Then a canning elec ron micro cope (SEM) a ed o ob er e cap le in more de ail . UV-VIS and Dapi aining ere ed o ee he her here i pDNA bo nd in cap le . Ne ep ere i i cell e perimen on mo e mammar cancer cell - c o o ici and cell lar in ake. Vi ali a ion a pro ided i h fl ore cen micro cop . 2 pe of...
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The effect of alisertib and brigatinib on the activity of selected human carbonyl reducing enzymes.
Lakomá, Petra ; Novotná, Eva (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Petra Lakomá Supervisor: RNDr. Eva Novotná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of alisertib and brigatinib on the activity of selected human carbonyl reducing enzymes Key words: brigatinib, alisertib, daunorubicin, inhibition, carbonyl-reducing enzymes Protein kinases are enzymes, whose main function is based on a transfer of phosphate group from ATP to protein substrate. This common posttranslational modification is involved in the regulation of intracellular processes and cell signaling. Altered expression of protein kinases is often coupled with a development of cancer. Inhibition of protein kinases may prevent cancer cell proliferation and induce their cell death. The main aim of the diploma thesis was to measure inhibition potential of protein kinase inhibitors, alisertib and brigatinib, against carbonyl-reducing enzymes. Overexpression of carbonyl-reducing enzymes in cancer cells may cause resistance to drugs followed by failure of chemotherapeutic therapy. In case of antracyclin chemotherapeutic daunorubicin, carbonyl-reducing enzymes reduce the carbonyl in C-13 giving rise a primary metabolite daunorubicinol, which has lower cytotoxic effect but higher cardiotoxicity. The effort to...
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Study on the role of pharmacokinetic mechanisms of drug resistance in new anticancer drugs with focus on solid tumors
Vagiannis, Dimitrios ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Souček, Pavel (referee) ; Zendulka, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Mgr. Dimitrios Vagiannis Supervisor RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Study on the role of pharmacokinetic mechanisms of drug resistance in new anticancer drugs with focus on solid tumors Cancer chemotherapy is an important tool for the cure of cancer. Although the development of new anticancer drugs has been rapidly progressing, the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to be a key issue leading to therapy failure in oncological patients. MDR is based on pharmacodynamic as well as pharmacokinetic mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic MDR includes drug efflux transporters and biotransformation enzymes that decrease the amount of (active form of) a drug in tumors. While the MDR role of transporters has been well understood, the participation of drug metabolizing enzymes is still unclear. This thesis investigates the role of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) in cytostatic resistance. Furthermore, it focuses on the modulation of pharmacokinetic MDR using pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of new targeted antitumor drugs. Finally, it aims to confirm the in vitro findings in ex vivo patient-derived tumor explants. In our latest publication, we demonstrate the significant role of...
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