|
|
Statistical models for detection of differential item functioning
Hladká, Adéla ; Martinková, Patrícia (advisor) ; Wiberg, Marie (referee) ; Hlávka, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis focuses on topic of Differential Item Functioning (DIF), a phenomenon that can arise in various contexts of educational, psychological, or health-related multi- item measurements. We discuss several statistical methods and models to detect DIF among dichotomous, ordinal, and nominal items. In the first part, generalized logistic regression models for DIF detection among di- chotomous items are introduced, which account for possibility of guessing and/or inat- tention. Techniques for estimation of item parameters are presented, including a newly proposed algorithm based on a parametric link function. Two simulation studies are presented. The first compares the generalized logistic regression models to other widely used DIF detection methods. The second illustrates differences between the techniques to estimate item parameters. Implementation of the models into the R software and its difNLR package is illustrated. In the second part, generalized logistic regression models for DIF detection among polytomous items are discussed. Cumulative logit, adjacent category logit, and nominal models are introduced together with the maximum likelihood method to estimate item parameters and with examples of implementation in the difNLR package. The third part deals with a nonparametric comparison of regression...
|
|
|
Phonetic structure of prosodic phrases in TV talk shows in Czech and American English
Hladká, Adéla ; Volín, Jan (advisor) ; Chládková, Kateřina (referee)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis was to describe prosodic phrasing in the TV debate genre in the context of comparing Czech with American English. The aim was to find similarities and differences between the two languages/cultures in the area of phrasing and to see if inter- individual or intra-individual differences are greater than the differences between the situation in Czech and American English. 4 different sets of recordings of televised political debates (Nedělní partie and Arizona Horizon's), 2 Czech and 2 English, were analyzed, with a total of 14 speakers, two of whom, the moderators, were repeated in the same debate, bringing the total number of speakers to 12. The data for the analysis were provided by the Phonetic Institute of the Faculty of Arts of Charles University under the COCOSDA principle. For each speaker, the number of words, syllables and vowels per phonemic clause was analysed. To extract the resulting data, I used scripts from the phonetic software Praat. The shortest and longest phrases were also examined in an attempt to figure out if these phenomena are somehow generalizable in this genre of conversational speech. The results of this research show that although speakers differ within language groups, the personality of some individuals and the environment in which...
|
|
|
DC 5.3 Fundamental large scale statistical model
Brabec, Marek ; Malý, Marek ; Malá, I. ; Hladká, Adéla
This document describes suite of fundamental large-scale statistical models developed from data provided by CHMI (Czech Hydrometeorological Institute). The models were constructed in several variants, differing in complexity, detail and computational demands. Spatial models will be, after some further developments and modifications (necessary not only from the natural model evolution but also due to systematic changes brought e.g. by covid outbreak influences) used as the main input for optimization algorithms constructed for selection of measurement stations on the principles of statistical design theory and methods.
|
|
|
Cognitive screening tests and their potential to detect cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases
Fendrych Mazancová, Adéla ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hladká, Adéla (referee) ; Hajdúk, Michal (referee)
Screening of global cognitive performance is of great importance in the detection of early cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases. In contrast to complex neuropsychological assessment, cognitive screening tests offer some advantages as saving time or finance and administration of screening tests makes lower demands on clinicians. Validation of cognitive screening tests for specific diagnostic groups of patients is necessary as well as Czech normative studies that enable an objective evaluation of the cognitive performance of Czech patients. In the theoretical part, we presented the syndrome of mild cognitive impairment as a pre-dementia state in neurodegenerative diseases. We focused on the assessment of mild cognitive impairment and using five different cognitive screening tests (Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Dementia Rating Scale 2. edition, Frontal Assessment Battery, Clock Drawing Test) in the detection of cognitive impairment. Then we focused on Parkinson's disease (PD), especially on the evolution of different stages of cognitive deficit in PD and their detection by cognitive assessments. The empirical research included studies analyzing the potential of the five cognitive screening tests to detect mild cognitive impairment. We provided results...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.