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"The Gypsy Scourge!" Creation and Implementation of Anti-Gypsy Measures in interwar Czechoslovakia and After, 1918-1941
Baloun, Pavel ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Sadílková, Helena (referee) ; Zimmermann, Volker (referee)
On December 22, 1926, an opening ceremony of the so-called Gypsy school was held in Uzhhorod, the capital of the Czechoslovak administration in Carpathian Ruthenia. Czech officials who gave talks pointed out pedagogical significance of the established institution which they described as unique and exceptional "experiment". The creation of a special school for children of those inhabitants who were labelled as "Gypsies" on the territory which was annexed by Czechoslovakia only later after the First World War and which in the contemporary imagination represented specific, "backward" region of the newly established state, served to consolidate the legitimacy of the First Republic as a democratic, progressive, modern, liberal state which belonged to the developed and civilized West. More than a half year later, on July 14, 1927, representatives in the Czechoslovak Parliament in Prague passed the Act No. 117/1927 on Wandering Gypsies. The development of this law was related to an immense interest of the contemporary media in "Gypsies" which was encouraged by the arrest of approximately twenty "Gypsies" from a village located in East Slovakia. They were charged of numerous robberies and murders. In contrast to the situation shortly after the First World War when the central Czechoslovak authorities...
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Prevent the big water. Flood control measures issued by public administrative bodies in the late 18th century Bohemia.
Hudeček, Ondřej ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
During the winter of 1783-1784, practically all European states were struck by severe floods. These natural disasters challenged the state bodies and their ability to cope with exceptional situations. At the time, administrative bodies in the Czech lands were undergoing numerous and substantial reforms designed in the spirit of enlightened absolutism to improve efficiency and thus contribute to the "greater good". The aim of all these reforms was to bring security to the lives of people and promote its quality, because this brought advantages for the whole state. Based on an analysis of the preserved archive sources and newspapers examines present dissertation the formation of the state flood prevention in Bohemia in the late eighteen century. From general point of view the aim of my dissertation is to help to better understand the modernisation process in the era of Enlightenment. It departs, i.a. from the findings of French philosopher Michel Foucault and his concept of biopolitics. The dissertation analyses some concrete examples of this biopolitics, such as the struggle of state bodies against every possible irregularity, contingency and risk, that could endangered the wealth of state and its inhabitants, health of people and the social order, promotion of "love for human beings"...
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Germans at the Special People's Court in Brno: the image of German in regional newspapers from Brno between 1945 and 1947
Pechová, Iva ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Schreiberová, Zuzana (referee)
THE ABSTRACT I was dealing with the image of the German in the way how it had been constructed in the articles in regional newspapers from Brno. I was interested about how, in which consequences and with which metaphors or language instruments had been this image of German created. I was working with the articles about Special People's Court in Brno and about only the German defendants. There were two groups of these defendants. The first was created by people who had been Germans also before the World War II. There were also Germans who had accepted the German Nationality during the World War II. I was interested in both groups. I chose the newspapers from the period which starts with the end of the World War II and ends with the end of July 1947 - that is also the end of the special People's Courts established by the President's Decree Nr.16/1945 Sb. Then I was trying to find the consequences between the image of the German in regional newspapers from Brno and the image of German which had been constructed in the Political Speeches of Edvard Beneš, Prokop Drtina and Ivan Herben. I was also trying to answer the question what was the role of Special Public's Courts in the Czech- German equalization and if it is possible that these Courts were one of the culmination of these equalization.
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Festival of Defiance? "Majáles" in 50s and 60s of 20th century in Czechoslovakia.
Šťástka, Jan ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Roubal, Petr (referee)
In this thesis based on research of historical sources I try to reconstruct the Prague festival of majales in 50s and 60s of 20th century and understand if they were truly meant as an act of defiance against the communist "régime" as some historians say. My point of view is base around the theory of Michail Bachtin and carnival as form of culturally creative force which act as form of social order negotiation. Worlds of play and laughter exist as a parallel to the official mundane world with their own different rules and they can be used as a form of social negotiation even in totalitarian or strongly conservative "régimes". Majales is a form of carnival that grants the transition into the world of play. Students in Czechoslovakia could use this possibility to negotiate about many otherwise taboo topics. Even if the worlds of play and mundane seem to be separated they influence each other in many ways and even the rules of mundane world can be changed through play and carnival. Students are also protected by their liminal status between being a child and an adult. Which grants them more rights than children but less duties than adults.
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The Soldiers of the Kaiser. Identities, Experiences and National Awareness of Czech
Bubeník, Daniel ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Šedivý, Ivan (referee) ; Hutečka, Jiří (referee)
The Soldiers of the Kaiser. Identities, Experiences and National Awareness of Czech Participants of the First World War The topics of presented dissertation are identities and experiences of Czech soldiers of the First World War. The sources of the dissertation are ego-documents of Czech soldiers, in particular mostly their diaries, in lesser extent also pieces of field correspondence and memoirs. The aim of the dissertation is the analysis of representations of identities, experiences and national awareness of authors of analysed sources. The research questions of the dissertation inquire about representations of constructions of identities in the sources, particularly about national, regional, religious or social identities; about construction of the otherness and depiction of the enemy in texts, about relation to the otherness and potential conflict of loyalties to the Czech national society and to service in the Austro-Hungarian army; about their gender identity; and about the question of construction of corporeality and experience of corporeality and the body as the construct of masculine identity. The presented dissertation belongs to the discipline Historical Anthropology.
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Holy Mountain at Příbram in the interwar period "Mary Castle" defending the Catholic faith in Bohemia? Analysis of Holy Mountain's journal from the years 1922 - 1932
Burgrová, Vendula ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Nešpor, Zdeněk (referee)
In my work I deal with the place of pilgrimage of the Virgin Mary on the Holy Mountain in Příbram in the interwar period. In the newly established Republic of Czechoslovakia, tense relations between Church and State has prevailed. Even iconoclastic acts are documented from that time. My assumption is that the Holy Mountain functioned as a place that helped to bring together believers, unite Catholics, and restore the faith. A catholic group called Matice Svatohorská was founded to focus on repairing extensive grounds and spreading the awareness of the Holy Mountain and the cult of the Virgin Mary through a published journal. Through an analysis of this journal I want to capture the resources that Catholic leaders used in consolidating and expanding the Catholic Faith in Bohemia. Through the analysis of the journal I want to know how the magazine reflected the relationship between church and state and what additional information reflects. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Creation of Female Teacher Image in Pedagogical Journals in the Second Half of 19th Century.
Charvát, Šimon ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Havlůjová, Hana (referee)
My diploma thesis deals with image of female teacher created in pedagogical journals during the second half of the 19th century in the process of radical changes of school system. The main line of these changes was formed by Education Act, adopted in 1869, which is often referred to as Hasnerova reform. This act allowed women to teach in girls' schools and in the lower classes of mixed schools. The aim of the project is to analyze educational journals of the second half of the 19th century and find out the way of creation of the image of female teacher during this period. In my work, I would like to focus on an analysis of the process of "doing" female teacher, as something new, something that is needed to legitimize. Keywords: Female Teacher, public school, education of girls, separate spheres
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Beginnings of the modern prison in the Czech lands in the 1st third of the 19th century: Punishment, prison, prisoner
Mitáčková, Renáta ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Olšáková, Doubravka (referee)
This thesis deals with the origins of the modern prison system in czech lands at the first third of the 19th century. At first, the theoretical part of the thesis presents the opinions of the authors of existing literature. Afterthen it concentrates at the most famous reformers of criminal law and prison system. In the end it describes the criminal justice system and prison in Habsburg Monarchy. Practical part of the thesis is divided into three parts - punishment, prison and prisoner. The first part deals with the concept of the punishment and its purpose. It presents and analyzes crimes and punishments. The second part is focused on the prison and its functions. Was the purpose of the prison to punish or also to correct the prisoner? Which instruments served to correction of the prisoner? The thesis also compares the functioning of the prison and the other institution of detention - the workhouse. The last part is searching for the answers on this questions: How should the prison act on the prisoner's soul and body? What part did the punishments play within the prison and how should they be realized? The aim of the thesis is to try to capture, how did the new concepts of imprisonment show in the praxis of prison and how they act on organization of prison. Key words: punishment, prison, prisoner,...
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