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Political and Legislative discourse about the substitute infant's alimony in Czech Republic
Cidlinská, Kateřina ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Havelková, Barbara (referee)
Czech Republic, like other European states with high divorce rate, is facing high incidence of failure to pay child maintenance. Nonpayment of child maintenance threatens healthy and successful development of children and has a significant gender aspect - the majority of solo parents, who face financial distress, are women. Being a solo mother together with the nonpayment of child maintenance and the discrimination of women on the labor market (and other effects of gender inequalities) are the main factors of the expanding phenomenon of feminization of poverty. One possible solution is an institute of advanced child maintenance, which is becoming increasingly implemented on international scale. There have already been three attempts to adopt this solution in the Czech Republic, all of them unsuccessful. The fourth one is recently being discussed in the Parliament. The aim of this thesis is to uncover the reasons for the previous failures. It maps the Czech political and legislative discourse on advanced child maintenance and analyzes it in international context. The research subjects are: Czech advanced child maintenance bills, selected foreign laws on this institute, political debates on the bills (parliamentary discussions and opinions of relevant state authorities) and interviews with Czech...
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Female Professors and Senior Lecturers of Law - Women in a Prestigious Profession
Novotná, Věra ; Havelková, Hana (advisor) ; Havelková, Barbara (referee)
Women in the high academic positions represent an elite group of women, whose experience has not been described separately in the Czech sociological context yet. The place of university as well as the law professional field are historically masculine denoted areas, where women entered with many difficulties to. Despite of opening of this academic both eductional and professional area to women, we still see the high vertical segregation of the high academic positions. The interviews were ment to show how women reflect their own experience as a high positioned woman working in the university surrounding. I found out that the interviewed women entered this field not only thanks to their own socio-cultural capital, but firstly thanks to the favourable structural conditions. Most of them identify themselves with their pedagogical role very significantly, all of them have developed a very strong tie to their profession. Their view of own and others women position is rather optimistic, with limited gender sensitivity, and is strongly influenced by their life experience of practising of their profession in the communist period and strong liberalism of opinion.
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The Public Defender of Rights as a Gender Equality Body
Diepoldová, Denisa ; Havelková, Hana (advisor) ; Havelková, Barbara (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Public Defender of Rights as a Gender Equality Body" explores the jurisdiction of the ombudsman in the area of equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination (so-called Equality Body). The main focus of the work is the equality of men and women. The methodology used is theoretical-analytical legal analysis. The work starts with a theoretical analysis of basic terms and concepts relating to equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination. The institution and activities of the ombudsman are also defined in theory. This is followed by a legal analysis of three types. The first one is a procedural analysis of anti-discrimination laws (method of their enactment, past, present and proposed laws). This is followed by an institutional analysis of the Czech Equality Body and the impact of the ombudsman in the area of equal rights. The analytical research is concluded with a substantive legal analysis of selected cases decided by the ombudsman. Methods of feminist legal analysis have been predominantly used for the purposes of the analytical research. A wide area of the subject matter has been explored by use of this examination, which has produced a number of conclusions as well as a complete overview of the activities of the Equality Body in the Czech Republic. Possible changes,...
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Political and Legislative discourse about the substitute infant's alimony in Czech Republic
Cidlinská, Kateřina ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Havelková, Barbara (referee)
Czech Republic, like other European states with high divorce rate, is facing high incidence of failure to pay child maintenance. Nonpayment of child maintenance threatens healthy and successful development of children and has a significant gender aspect - the majority of solo parents, who face financial distress, are women. Being a solo mother together with the nonpayment of child maintenance and the discrimination of women on the labor market (and other effects of gender inequalities) are the main factors of the expanding phenomenon of feminization of poverty. One possible solution is an institute of advanced child maintenance, which is becoming increasingly implemented on international scale. There have already been three attempts to adopt this solution in the Czech Republic, all of them unsuccessful. The fourth one is recently being discussed in the Parliament. The aim of this thesis is to uncover the reasons for the previous failures. It maps the Czech political and legislative discourse on advanced child maintenance and analyzes it in international context. The research subjects are: Czech advanced child maintenance bills, selected foreign laws on this institute, political debates on the bills (parliamentary discussions and opinions of relevant state authorities) and interviews with Czech...
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Youth Criminality in Institutional Child Care: Gender Perspective
Bobková, Jana ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Havelková, Barbara (referee)
In my theses, I focus on the problem of criminal behavior of under-age children who have been placed because of their previous illegal behaviour in state facilities for execution of institutional and protective care. I apply a gender perspective - I primarily focus on under-age girls' criminal behavior, which has been so far neglected by both theorists and empirically oriented scholars. The main research goal is to identify motives underlying girls' criminal behavior. The investigative part (research) is based on a case study carried out in a concrete diagnostic institution. It is based on semistructured interviewing of selected girls. Key words: criminality, delinquency, risk behaviour, gender, heteronormativity, institutional care, interpretative (constructivist) paradigm.
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Female Professors and Senior Lecturers of Law - Women in a Prestigious Profession
Novotná, Věra ; Havelková, Hana (advisor) ; Havelková, Barbara (referee)
Women in the high academic positions represent an elite group of women, whose experience has not been described separately in the Czech sociological context yet. The place of university as well as the law professional field are historically masculine denoted areas, where women entered with many difficulties to. Despite of opening of this academic both eductional and professional area to women, we still see the high vertical segregation of the high academic positions. The interviews were ment to show how women reflect their own experience as a high positioned woman working in the university surrounding. I found out that the interviewed women entered this field not only thanks to their own socio-cultural capital, but firstly thanks to the favourable structural conditions. Most of them identify themselves with their pedagogical role very significantly, all of them have developed a very strong tie to their profession. Their view of own and others women position is rather optimistic, with limited gender sensitivity, and is strongly influenced by their life experience of practising of their profession in the communist period and strong liberalism of opinion.
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Alimony - what guides judge's consideration?
Trličíková, Michala ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Havelková, Barbara (referee)
One-parent families with minor children belong to households which are the most threatened by poverty. Most of these households are headed by women who must act as both caretaker and breadwinner. Part of the total cost associated with raising children is covered by alimony, but its amount is often inadequately low or not paid at all. Conditions for female sole wage earners are made even worse by their disadvantageous labor market position. As a consequence, a feminization of poverty occurs, and alimony can become a contributing element to reproducing inequalities between women and men. Alimony obligation is vaguely defined by the law, so the judge's consideration plays a main role in determining the amount of alimony. With this in mind, research interviews with judges were focused on views and procedures they make use of when judging. The analysis indicated a great divergence in their decision-making caused by insufficient unifying judicature. However, this lack of unity and its consequences was not adequately reflected by many judges in that they were satisfied with the present system and resisted proposed reforms. The neglect of a broader context of alimony and the adoption of fathers' or the state's perspective in preference to the one of women and children, whose interests judges declare to particularly...
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Strategies promoting the political participation of women in the Czech republic: the case study of the NGO Fórum 50 %
Bačová, Veronika ; Havelková, Hana (advisor) ; Havelková, Barbara (referee)
Strategies promoting the political participation of women in the Czech republic: the case study of the NGO Fórum 50 % The political participation and representation of women is an important indicator of democracy. In the Czech republic, the underrepresentation of women in decision-making is considerable. Moreover, the czech political representation is not favourable for active promotion of women in politics. The only organization engaged in this issue is Fórum 50 %. It promotes women participation and representation in all decision-making positions. This case study explores this NGO. Based on the examination of documents on six interviews with its members it presents the basic information on the organizational structure, on its goals, activites and strategies. Further, the study identifies barriers like gender blindness of political parties, gender stereotypes, financial dependency of the organization restraining its activities. It presents how Fórum 50 % is legitimizing its existence as well as the whole issue of the political participation of women within the antifeminist atmosphere of the czech political arena. Finally, the study presents how Fórum 50 % advances the public discourse about the issue and how it succeeds to a certain degree in "breaking" the conservative attitude of some politicians....
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