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Dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hrdinová, Zuzana ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Trachta, Pavel (referee)
This thesis deals with the dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes. Dietary measures are one of the most fundamental elements of the prevention of diabetes. The general characteristics of diabetes mellitus, including epidemiology, clinical manifestations and pathogenesis is described in the theoretical part of this thesis as an introduction to this issue. Other chapters are dedicated to prediabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. More detailed interpretation of the prevention of diabetes is at the end of theoretical part of this theses. The survey among the people without diabetes was conducted as a part of this thesis. The main purpose was to find out the level of public awareness of the prevention of type 2 diabetes. The concrete objectives of this survey was to find out whether the respondents incorrectly consider the higher sugar intake to be the one of the main causes of emergency of type 2 diabetes and furthermore ascertain the awareness of connection between the obesity and type 2 diabetes. And the third particular aim was to determine the awareness of the increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide. The online survey was conducted by a questionnaire and the respondents were informed about its anonymity. Questionnaires were sent to people in my neighborhood. The survey showed that the general...
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Analysis of hypoglycemia by Continuous Glucose Monitoring in patients with Type 1 diabetes
Hrubantová, Tereza ; Šoupal, Jan (advisor) ; Flekač, Milan (referee)
This bachelor's thesis presents an analysis of type 1 diabetes patients' hypoglycemia using continuous glucose monitoring. The thesis aims to evaluate the occurrence of hypoglycemia, the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia and to investigate how patients treat hypoglycemia. The theoretical part of the thesis presents a summary of the general knowledge of type 1 diabetes diagnosis, focusing on the hypoglycemic issues and diabetes compensation improvements using continuos glucose monitoring. The practical part analyses hypoglycemia frequency and duration using continuous glucose monitoring. Occurrences of the impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, as well as the ways in which patients treat hypoglycemia, are evaluated according to a modified Clark Method. The research shows that the actual occurrence of hypoglycemia is significantly higher than its occurrence as perceived by the patients. Continuous one-week blind glucose monitoring shows that hypoglycemia occurs in 85 % of patients at night and 95 % of patients during the day. In total, patients suffered hypoglycemia 7.2 % of the week, i.e. approx. 12 hours, of which 4 hours and 40 minutes occurred at night while 7 hours and 21 minutes they were experiencing hypoglycemia during the day. The impaired awareness of hypoglycemia prevalence...
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Diet by gestational diabetes mellitus
Svobodová, Kateřina ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Šoupal, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with gestational diabetes mellitus, mainly delicated to risk factors and dietary restriction before and during pregnancy. The aim of this work is to identify potential risk factors that could affect the eventual progression of gestational diabetes. Most of my hypotheses are specifically related to this objective. The partial aim is a level of women's awareness about this disease. My work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is a collection and summarization of the available current information about gestational diabetes. GDM is a disorder of carbohydrate tolerance, which is diagnosed in pregnancy by a screening examination (usually at 24 - 28 weeks), and it disappears in postnatal period. There are many severe risks for the woman and the fetus during the pregnancy and after childbirth. There is also a high risk of emergence of type 2 diabetes in the future. Primary treatment is an adjustment food and life style. Diet system is regulated in amount of carbohydrate intake and distribution into multiple smaller doses. If this is not sufficient, the onset of insulin therapy is necessery. The practical part is focused on comparison, usage a retrospective analysis of medical history data based on of a questionnaire surfy. There was two groups of...
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Dietary prevention of type II. diabetes
Dejmalová, Jana ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Horová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: The subject of this bachelor thesis is the dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary changes are one of the basic measures in diabetes prevention. Diabetes prevention is very important and for a correct application of preventive measures it is necessary to understand its pathophysiology and know its causes, consequences and complications. The objectives of the bachelor thesis: The first part summarizes the current knowledge in the field of diabetology, obesitology and prevention of type 2 diabetes, particularly the diet one. The practical part analyses results of a survey that was targeted at those at risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in people with a family history of diabetes mellitus. The main intermediate objectives of the research included: eating habits and customs of respondents, knowledge of dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes, awareness of the relation between obesity and diabetes prevalence and of the impact of physical activity in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Methodology: The survey was conducted through an anonymous and voluntary questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to patients at the Department of General Internal Medicine of the General University Hospital in Prague, patients of the general practitioner and at the cardiology clinic in...
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Principles of dietotherapy in diabetic kidney disease
Klbíková, Tereza ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
This thesis deals with dietary measures concerning diabetic kidney disease. The theoretical part deals with the general concept of type 2 diabetes mellitus, it's definition, classification, epidemiology, treatment and complications. Further on, it analyzes separately the concept of diabetic kidney disease as a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus and discusses principles of dietotherapy in case of this disease. Specifically, this thesis elaborates on dietotherapy of nondialysed, maintenance dialysis and transplant patients. The subject of the practical part of the thesis is the application of theoretical knowledge in clinical practice. The aim is to build an eating plan and its assigned alternatives for transplant and nondialysed patients. Further on this thesis evaluates their food intake, analyzes the patient's condition and laboratory values of selected patients. It also deals with the possibility of implementation of dietary recommendations in clinical practice, their difficulties and possibilities how to face them. Key words: diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetic kidney disease, dietotherapy, food intake, eating plan
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Gene polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes and diabetes mellitus
Flekač, Milan ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Bendlová, Běla (referee) ; Rybka, Jaroslav (referee)
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme closely associated with HDL(high-density lipoproteins), preserves LDL (low density lipoproteins) against oxidation. Less protection may be therefore supposed by decreased PON1 activity.This study was undertaken to investigate the association of PON1 gene polymorphisms with diabetic angiopathy and to evaluate the relationship of these polymorphisms with PON1 activity. Total of 86 Type 1 (T1DM) and 246 Type 2 (T2DM) diabetic patients together with 110 healthy subjects were examined. DNA isolated from leukocytes was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme digestion. The products were analyzed for L55M and Q192R polymorphisms in coding region and for -107 C/T and -907 G/C in promotor sequence of PON1. Serum enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Significant differences were found between T1DM or T2DM and control persons in L55M polymorphism (allele M more frequent in T1DM and T2DM vs. controls, p<0,05) and Q192R polymorphism (R allele less frequent in T1DM and T2DM vs. controls, p<0,01) of the PON1 gene. Serum PON1 activity was significantly decreased in T1DM (110±68 nmol/ml/min) and T2DM patients (118±69 nmol/ml/min) compared to the control persons (203±58 nmol/ml/min), both p<0,01. The presence of MM and QQ...
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