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Synthetic studies of 3,5-disubstituted gamma-lactams
Coufalová, Klára ; Pour, Milan (advisor) ; Kuneš, Jiří (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Candidate: Klára Coufalová Consultant: Prof. RNDr. Milan Pour, PhD. Title of Thesis: Synthetic studies of 3,5-disubstituted gamma-lactams The aim of my thesis was to synthesize lactam analogues of hydrolytically and enzymatically unstable 3,5-disubstituted five-membered lactone rings possessing an antifungal effect. I have tried to develop the preparation of 5-(acyloxymethyl)- -3-(4-methoxyfenyl)-1H-2,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one, however, even application of two reaction pathways did not (for now) successfully lead to the desired five-membered lactam ring.
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Comparison of methods of basal metabolism determination
Kosková, Martina ; Coufalová, Klára (advisor) ; Hráský, Pavel (referee)
Title: Comparison of individual methods of basal metabolism determination Objectives: The aim of the work is to compare the individual methods of basal metabolism. These values were measured by indirect calorimetry, plethysmography, bioelectric impedance and predictive equations. Methods: The research was attended by 31 people, including eight men and twenty-three women. All participants of my research were aged 21-30 years. None of the participants was a professional athlete, they were all healthy and none of the women were pregnant or had menstruation. The indirect calorimetry, bioelectronics impedance device Tanita MC - 980 and BOD POD were used to collect the data. Basal metabolic rates were calculated from the prediction equations by Harris & Benedict, Fleisch's equation and Schofield's equation using measured anthropometric values. Results: The results of the methods that have been used for this group of people vary, but the difference is not significant. If we choose as a reference method indirect calorimetry, we can't replace it by any other method. The results for other methods are not significantly different, so we can replace one method with another, except indirect calorimetry. From calculations, we also found out that fat free mass greatly influences the results of basal metabolic rate...
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Diagnosis of the nutritional status focused on overweight and obese population
Pokorná, Kateřina ; Polášková, Marcela (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Title Diagnosis of the nutritional status focused on overweight and obese population. The aim of the work The aim of thesis is to summarize and describe the methods that are used for determining the nutritional status of overweight and obese individuals. Methodology The thesis is a theoretical work with a search character. The main method in the creation of this type of work is a critical content analysis of available resources for the work, and the subsequent comparison of selected findings about diagnosis of nutritional status of overweight and obese population. Results Review article shows that in the clinical practices of identifying a person's nutritional status of overweight or obese at the first contact with the examined using BMI. The orientation index is also used index WHR. Due to the approximate nature of these indexes, however, provides for additional precise examinations body composition, which are for example caliper measurements or bioimpedance. Essential components of a diagnosis of nutritional status are also constitutional typology, family and personal history, immunological examination, biochemical tests and monitoring dietary habits. Keywords Nutritional status of the organism, diagnosis of nutritional status, health, overweight, obesity
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The influence of whole-body electromyostimulation on muscle strength and body composition in healthy individuals
Kamarýtová, Magdaléna ; Coufalová, Klára (advisor) ; Hráský, Pavel (referee)
Title: The influence of whole-body electromyostimulation on muscle strength and body composition in healthy individuals Objectives: The aim of the diploma thesis is to collect and give comprehensive theoretical information concerning the whole body electromyostimulation topic. Furthermore, find out what the effect of the whole body electromyostimulation method on body weight, fat-free mass, body fat and other parameters of body composition. The aim of this work is to verify whether it is possible to achieve changes in bone mineral density values by means of the WB-EMS method or to increase maximal isometric muscle strength in healthy individuals. Methods: The diploma thesis is an intragroup experiment. The method of qualitative research was used for data collection. Bioelectric impedance analysis was used to evaluate body composition. DXA (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry) was used to assess bone mineral density and body composition, and isometric muscle strength was evaluated using isometric dynamometry. The research group consisted of 10 young and healthy probands (average age 23.9 years). Probands completed 10 exercise units using the whole body electromyostimulation method. The frequency of exercise was once a week. Results: We have found that after ten weeks of using the whole-body...
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Macrobiotic - full-fledged form of food?
Sázavský, Jan ; Coufalová, Klára (advisor) ; Petr, Miroslav (referee)
Subject: Macrobiotic - full-valued form of nutrition? Objective: Evaluation of macrobiotics as full compensation for conventional diets recommended by the Presidium of the Board of the Society for Nutrition based on the oretical approaches and empirical findings. Characteristics of the ingredients and nutritional analysis in terms of the in impact on physical and mental condition of the human organism. Method: Objectives of the thesis was achieved using method of quotas to select research sample. On the basis of established criteria and defined number of representatives for the sample, were selected only thoseind ividuals who meet these criteria. Macrobiotic menus were analyzedat three men and at free women. The data obtained via measure ments were compared with recommended daily dose. This model was chosen as it was the most recent vision of the diet model. Results: Macrobiotic diet reprents full-fledged alternative form of nutrition, based on research carried out. This conclusion is based on research conducted with free men and free women who provided weekly menus for analysis purpose and conversion to these menus to the nutritional value was sufficiently proved. Based on the out come of the research, it was found that macrobiotics can not be regarded as nutrition offering full energy, as its...
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The Influence of Body Weight Reduction on the Parameters of Body Composition of Judoists
Coufalová, Klára ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Malá, Lucia (referee)
6 Title: The Influence of Body Weight Reduction on the Parameters of Body Composition in Judoists Aims of the study: The aim of this study is to compare the changes in body composition parameters due to body weight reduction in elite judoists. Method: Bioimpedance analysis was used to obtain the input and output dates of body composition, measuring of selected anthropometric parameters followed. Results: The results of our study show that body weight reduction in judoists is significantly influenced by the individual variability and in varying degrees this applies to all body composition parameters. Keywords: body composition, bioelectric impedance analysis, body weight reduction, judo
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Analyzing the effectiveness of Dukan's reducing diet of selected overweigted women on the basic of case studies.
Melničáková, Linda ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Title: Analyzing the effectiveness of Dukan's reducing diet of selected overweigted women on the basic of case studies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether the Dukan Diet works. Based on the scientific literature and through informants evaluate the attitude towards this diet. Methods: The research involved 5 women. Age of tested women was (mean ± SD) 55,2 ± 1,7 and BMI 28,1kg/m2 ± 2,5kg/m2 . I used a qualitative research method for collecting data. Everything I have subsequently analyzed in detail in the case reports. The tested women were familiar with the observance of the same diet and exercise regimen, which was necessary to follow throughout the experiment. Everything was based on autocoaching and based exercise schedule which received from me. Results: After eight weeks keeping the Dukan diet to lose weight respondents number 1, number 2 and number 4 required 5 kg. The respondent number 5 also managed to reduce their weight by 5 kg, but after the 9th week dietary compliance. Only the respondent number 3 failed to lose weight 5 kg for the entire period of research. Yo-yo effect is manifested after half a year by the respondents number 3 and number 5. Keywords: The Dukan Diet, obesity, healthy lifestyle.
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Pre-competition reduction of body weight in MMA
Hrdlička, Jaroslav ; Coufalová, Klára (advisor) ; Pavelka, Radim (referee)
Title: Pre-competition reduction of body weight in MMA Objectives: The main aim of this work was to identify what weight reduction methods are used by professional MMA fighters and how many kilograms they reduce before fights. We also wanted to determine the time they start to work with their body weight and whether they feel any psychological changes or fatigue due to weight reduction. We were also interested in what supplements fighters use during weight cut. Methods: A survey method was used for data collection. The research sample consisted of 20 professional MMA fighters between the ages of 18 and 40. Results: We have found out that MMA fighters usually reduce their weight through reduced caloric intake and subsequent dehydration the most. The majority of respondents reported a reduction of 6 to 10 kilograms in the course of 2 to 4 weeks before the fight. Respondents feel weakened during weight loss and experience psychological impacts such as irritation, mood swings, aggression and sedation. Before the fight, 60% of fighters do not experience any signs of weakness, as the time period from weighting to the fight itself is sufficient to allow them to regenerate. The most commonly used supplements during weight loss are BCAAs, fat burners, proteins, multivitamins and multiminerals. Keywords:...
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Body composition in patitents with systemic sclerosis
Česák, Michal ; Tomčík, Michal (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Title: Body composition of patients with systemic sclerosis Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare selected parameters of body composition in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with a group of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (CG). Another objective was to evaluate the effect of selected clinical parameters in patients with SSc on the detected variability of the parameters of body composition and on physical activity of patients. Methods: The research group N = 95, group SSc (n = 59), control group (n = 36). Anthropometry (body height [cm], weight [kg], BMI [kg/m2 ]), bioelectrical impedance analysis - BIA 2000 (body fat - BF [%], total body water - TBW [%], lean body mass - LBM [kg], body cell mass - BCM [kg], BCM of FFM [%], the ECM / BCM); DEXA - Lunar Series iDXA (bone mineral density - BMD [g/m3 ], lean body mass - LBM [kg] body fat - BF [%], visceral fat - VF [kg] questionnaire on physical activity Human Activity Profile. Statistics: T test/Mann-Whitney U test, Cohen's d/partial eta squared (η2 ). Results: The results are presented as mean ± SD: body height: SSc 166.5 ± 7.1 cm, CG 171.2 ± 8.3 cm; body weight: SSc 62.4 ± 10.7 kg, CG 77.3 ± 11.9 kg; BMI: SSc 22.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2 , CG 26.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2 ; BF % BIA: SSc 24.6 % ± 7.8 %; CG 31.1 % ± 6.4 %; BF % DEXA: SSc 32.6 ± 8.2...
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A systematic overview of the recommended amount of protein in elite sports and its reflection in the vegan diet
Vondrysová, Kristýna ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Title: A systematic overview of the recommended amount of protein in elite sports and its reflection in the vegan diet Goals: The aim of this work will be to identify whether there are vegan elite athletes who have participated in national / international competitions in sports such as weightlifting, strongman, powerlifting and placed third. Compare the individual recommendations for the volume of protein in the diet based on the vegan diet, and in this sense compare recommendations for the use of the vegan diet in elite sports. Method: This work is processed in the form of an overview study. The search for analysis was selected using the keywords: vegan elite athletes, vegan nutrition, elite sports nutrition, protein nutrition, strength sports. A total of 1077 studies formed the basis for the narrower selection of a total of 12 suitable studies for mutual comparison. The basic method is meta- analysis. Results: The average recommended values for protein intake are 1.8 ± 0.3 g / kg body weight. A total of 66% of the 12 analyzed studies agreed with the statement that vegan nutrition offers opportunities for the full representation of the protein component in the diet and thus creates the necessary prerequisites for achieving high sports performance. However, careful comprehensive diet design is...
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