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Boundaries of Humour
Holada, Matouš ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Chylíková, Johana (referee)
This paper examines the phenomenon of controversial humor on the social networking site Facebook. Here there exist several entertainment pages, dedicated to the purpose of publishing and sharing comic material; most notably jokes in the form of humorous images. Sometimes, some of these jokes become a source of conflicts and a target of criticism by certain Facebook users, who consider them unacceptable. The present study therefore aims at examining the characteristics of these jokes, to help shed light on what is today considered inappropriate in the sphere of humor. For this purpose, an analysis of jokes and comments on them, left by their readers, was conducted on several Facebook pages. This research revealed the fact that jokes about current, medially covered disasters where the biggest source of controversies. Further inquiries into their nature then showed that aversion to this type of humor cannot be explained by applying superiority theory (contrary to certain other types of humor; for example ethnic or sexist jokes). The source of conflicts about disaster jokes is therefore seen in the clash of disparate views, held by Facebook users about the nature of norms, governing what is and what isn't acceptable to joke about. The conclusion to this paper then suggests possible directions for...
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Analytical methods for measurement error estimation in survey data
Chylíková, Johana ; Vinopal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kreidl, Martin (referee) ; Buriánek, Jiří (referee)
Analytical methods for measurement error estimation in survey data This dissertation aims at the domain of measurement error in social science survey data. To conceptualize and estimate measurement errors it employs the analytical and theoretical framework that stems from the analytical method of structural equation modeling (SEM) and Classical Test Theory (CTT), extended with the component of the systematic measurement error. This thesis has two goals that may contribute to development and extension of Czech social science methodology. The first goal is to illustrate methods of measurement error estimation, which has not been used for analysis of Czech data yet, and to point out to some problematical aspects of these methods. The second goal is to employ presented methods to obtain new findings regarding the quality of data from Czech surveys. The dissertation presents three empirical studies, each of which uses one of the methods defined within the presented theoretical and analytical framework. First study presents an analysis of reliability of measurement with the Quasi Simplex Model (QSM). It illustrates how to use the model and brings optimistic results regarding the reliability of the Czech EU SILC panel data. In the second study the confirmatory factor analysis model, operationally called...
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Analytical methods for measurement error estimation in survey data
Chylíková, Johana ; Vinopal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kreidl, Martin (referee) ; Buriánek, Jiří (referee)
Analytical methods for measurement error estimation in survey data This dissertation aims at the domain of measurement error in social science survey data. To conceptualize and estimate measurement errors it employs the analytical and theoretical framework that stems from the analytical method of structural equation modeling (SEM) and Classical Test Theory (CTT), extended with the component of the systematic measurement error. This thesis has two goals that may contribute to development and extension of Czech social science methodology. The first goal is to illustrate methods of measurement error estimation, which has not been used for analysis of Czech data yet, and to point out to some problematical aspects of these methods. The second goal is to employ presented methods to obtain new findings regarding the quality of data from Czech surveys. The dissertation presents three empirical studies, each of which uses one of the methods defined within the presented theoretical and analytical framework. First study presents an analysis of reliability of measurement with the Quasi Simplex Model (QSM). It illustrates how to use the model and brings optimistic results regarding the reliability of the Czech EU SILC panel data. In the second study the confirmatory factor analysis model, operationally called...
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Testing the Van der Veer et al. Fear-based Xenophobia Scale
Kunc, Michal ; Buchtík, Martin (advisor) ; Chylíková, Johana (referee)
The paper offers a brief theoretical reflection of the concept of xenophobia and a brief review of quantitative research on the topic. It uses reliability analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis and Mokken scale analysis to test the reliability and internal validity of the 9- tem van der Veer Et al. Fear-based xenophobia scale on a sample representative for the Czech Republic. It then uses the scale's results to forma n index which is then used to confirm several hypotheses to examine the construct's external validity. It reaches the conclusion that the scale is reliable and valid and suitable for use on the Czech population, however its results are too easily affected by the ordering of item options, and its results should therefore be used as an index to analyze other variables, not as a standalone source of information. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Boundaries of Humour
Holada, Matouš ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Chylíková, Johana (referee)
This paper examines the phenomenon of controversial humor on the social networking site Facebook. Here there exist several entertainment pages, dedicated to the purpose of publishing and sharing comic material; most notably jokes in the form of humorous images. Sometimes, some of these jokes become a source of conflicts and a target of criticism by certain Facebook users, who consider them unacceptable. The present study therefore aims at examining the characteristics of these jokes, to help shed light on what is today considered inappropriate in the sphere of humor. For this purpose, an analysis of jokes and comments on them, left by their readers, was conducted on several Facebook pages. This research revealed the fact that jokes about current, medially covered disasters where the biggest source of controversies. Further inquiries into their nature then showed that aversion to this type of humor cannot be explained by applying superiority theory (contrary to certain other types of humor; for example ethnic or sexist jokes). The source of conflicts about disaster jokes is therefore seen in the clash of disparate views, held by Facebook users about the nature of norms, governing what is and what isn't acceptable to joke about. The conclusion to this paper then suggests possible directions for...
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Social desirability in social survey responses
Chylíková, Johana ; Krejčí, Jindřich (advisor) ; Remr, Jiří (referee)
The thesis presents available theoretical basis for examination of sensitive issues in sociology and draws attention to measurement errors in sociological surveys. Further the analysis of discrepancy in respondents' reports of number of lifetime sexual partner is conducted. For the purpose of the analysis the data from Survey of sexual behavior, accomplished by prof. Petr Weiss, PhD. and docent Jaroslav Zvěřina CSc. in 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008, is employed. The text summarizes available explanations of discrepancy, which are further used for clarification of an incongruity in the data from Czech republic. First an outline of the means of number of lifetime sexual partners for men and women is presented and a reduction of the dataset by extreme values is implemented. The analysis deals with effects of commercial sex on the discrepancy, detects whether men and women respond differently on other sensitive attributes and reveals whether answer strategies are sex-linked. The dataset of female respondents was used for testing the social desirability hypothesis. Finally the SAQ mode data from Survey of sexual behavior are compared with the outputs of the face-to-face interview mode survey.
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Money and ownership in peoples' value orientation
Chylíková, Johana ; Průšová, Petra (referee) ; Duffková, Jana (advisor)
Každý člověk je nositelem nějakých hodnot; některé hodnoty uznává a vůči některým se vymezuje. Nikdo se nenarodí s komplexní, stálou hodnotovou orientací, se kterou projde celým životem aniž by změnil své názory. Hodnoty, které jedinec uznává, do velké míry ovlivňuje jeho okolí- rodina, přátelé, práce, životní zkušenosti; toto okolí však také prochází určitými změnami. Společnosti se mění v čase a s nimi i jejich členové. Zda jsou hodnoty předem dané a lidem vrozené nebo ne, tedy jestli se mohou měnit nebo zda existují všeobecné stále hodnoty vlastní všem lidem bylo předmětem diskuzí učenců stovky let. Až sociologie a další humanitní a společenské vědy podaly přesvědčivé důkazy o tom, že hodnoty v lidské společnosti jsou relativní, tedy že se mění. K napětí v hodnotové sféře, tedy problematice změn v lidských hodnotách a hodnotových změn ve společnosti, se vyjádřil J. Benda: "Prvořadou úlohu v něm (hodnotovém napětí) hraje racionální zdůvodňování a argumentace. Existují i pohledy, které zdůrazňují stabilitu a neměnnost hodnot, ale v moderním myšlení jsou tyto pohledy poměrně ojedinělé." 1 Jako jeden z mnoha příkladů změn v hodnotové sféře uvedu rozdílné nahlížení na svět obyvatel starého Řecka a lidí žijících v současném západním světě. Ve Starém Řecku byla zcela "přirozená" instituce otroctví- někteří lidé...
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